{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T14:09:56Z","timestamp":1762351796931},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1993,7,1]],"date-time":"1993-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":741484800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Scientometrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/bf02016941","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,12]],"date-time":"2005-08-12T02:29:30Z","timestamp":1123813770000},"page":"237-260","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Conferences and courses on biotechnology. Describing scientific communication by exploratory methods"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"B.","family":"Martens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Saretzki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"BF02016941_CR1","volume-title":"Technikprognosen mit Patentindikatoren","author":"U. Schmoch","year":"1988","unstructured":"U. Schmoch, H. Grupp, W. Mannsbart, B. Schwitalla,Technikprognosen mit Patentindikatoren, Verlag T\u00dcV Rheinland, Cologne, 1988."},{"key":"BF02016941_CR2","first-page":"23","volume-title":"Communication Among Scientists and Engineers","author":"N. Lin","year":"1970","unstructured":"N. Lin, W. D. Garvey, C. E. Nelson, A Study of the communication structure of science, In:C. E. Nelson, D. K. Pollock (Eds),Communication Among Scientists and Engineers, Lexington, Heath Lexington Books, 1970, p. 23\u201359."},{"key":"BF02016941_CR3","volume-title":"Conferences and their Literature","author":"R. H. Oseman","year":"1989","unstructured":"R. H. Oseman,Conferences and their Literature, The Library Association, London, 1989."},{"key":"BF02016941_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02095627","volume":"5","author":"A. Schubert","year":"1983","unstructured":"A. Schubert, S. Zsindely, T. Braun, Scientometric analysis of attendance at international scientific meetings,Scientometrics, 5 (1983) 177\u2013187.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"BF02016941_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02017071","volume":"15","author":"E. Kranakis","year":"1989","unstructured":"E. Kranakis, L. Leydesdorff, Teletraffic conferences: Studying a field of engineering science,Scientometrics, 15 (1989) 563\u2013591.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"BF02016941_CR6","unstructured":"For surveys of economic activities and impacts of biotechnology on the international level cf. Office of Technology Assessment, Biotechnology in a Global Economy, Washington, D. C., 1991 and OECD, Biotechnology: Economic and Wider Impacts, Paris, 1989."},{"key":"BF02016941_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"See Commission des Communaut\u00e9s Europ\u00e9ennes, Europe 1995. Mutations technologiques & enjeux sociaux. Rapport FAST, Paris, 1983, for a justification of the term\u201cnew\u201d biotechnology and a description of its multidisciplinary scientific foundation and its multiple potential for application; cf.R. Bud, Biotechnology in the twentieth century,Social Studies of Science, 21 (1991) 415\u2013457 for a history of the term biotechnology at the boundary of biology and engineering.","DOI":"10.1177\/030631291021003002"},{"key":"BF02016941_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Crafts-Lighty,Information Sources in Biotechnology 1986, VCH Verlagsgesellschaft, Weinheim, p. 97.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-349-08014-4"},{"key":"BF02016941_CR9","unstructured":"The database \u201cConf\u201d containing information about forthcoming and past conferences in science and technology (available at STN International) allows for a search for the keyword \u201cBio-engineering including biotechnology\u201d. When we set up a search at the end of 1991, 552 entries were retrieved for the time period 1984 and after. In our data collection process for the same period, we identified meetings in biotechnology exceeding this number by the factor 10, see below for the number of meetings in the period 1984\u20131990."},{"key":"BF02016941_CR10","unstructured":"G. Hillyer, Announcements of forthcoming meetings, In:G. J. Zamora, M. C. Adamson (Eds),Conference Literature: Its Role in the Distribution of Information, Learned Information, Marlton, NJ, p. 50, cf. also the other contributions on sources of conference announcements byM. L. Pflueger, R. Jerrill, andR. J. Taylor,ibid. Announcements of forthcoming meetings, In:G. J. Zamora, M. C. Adamson (Eds),Conference Literature: Its Role in the Distribution of Information, Learned Information, Marlton, NJ, p. 50."},{"key":"BF02016941_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412983488","volume-title":"Basic Content Analysis","author":"R. P. Weber","year":"1990","unstructured":"R. P. 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