{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T22:19:19Z","timestamp":1759961959720},"reference-count":6,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1979,1,1]],"date-time":"1979-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":283996800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Scientometrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1979,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/bf02016968","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,12]],"date-time":"2005-08-12T02:18:42Z","timestamp":1123813122000},"page":"161-169","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Citation patterns in scientific revolutions"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"M. J.","family":"Moravcsik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Murugesan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"BF02016968_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/0048-7333(73)90006-1","volume":"2","author":"M. J. Moravcsik","year":"1973","unstructured":"M. J. MORAVCSIK, Measures of Scientific Growth,Research Policy, 2 (1973) 266\u2013275. M. J. MORAVCSIK, P. MURUGESAN, Function and Quality of Citation,Social Studies of Science, 5 (1975) 86\u201392. P. MURUGESAN, M. J. MORAVCSIK, Variation of the Nature of Citation Measures with Journals and Scientific Specialties,Journal of American Society for Information Science, 29 (1978) 141. The definitions in the Appendix of the present paper were reprintedverbatim by permission of J. Wiley & Sons, Inc. M. J. MORAVCSIK, P. MURUGESAN, E. SHEARER, An Analysis of Citation Patterns in Indian Physics,Science and Culture, 42 (1976) 295. M. J. MORAVCSIK, P. MURUGESAN, Some Results on the Classification of Citation Records of Individual Scientists, (unpublished). E. SHEARER, A Comparison of the Citation Patterns of \u201cBig\u201d and \u201cLittle\u201d Science, Master's Thesis, University of Oregon, June 1976; E. SHEARER, M. J. MORAVCSIK, Citation Patterns in Little Science and Big Science, (to be published) (1976).","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"key":"BF02016968_CR2","volume-title":"The Structure of Scientific Revolutions","author":"T. Kuhn","year":"1970","unstructured":"T. KUHN,The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, University of Chicago Press, 2nd ed., Chicago, 1970.","edition":"2nd ed."},{"key":"BF02016968_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1177\/030631277600600103","volume":"6","author":"E. L. McDough","year":"1976","unstructured":"See for example E. L. McDOUGH,Social Studies of Science, 6 (1976) 51\u201376.","journal-title":"Social Studies of Science"},{"key":"BF02016968_CR4","volume-title":"Social Stratification in Science","author":"J. Cole","year":"1972","unstructured":"See e.g. J. COLE, S. COLE,Social Stratification in Science, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1972."},{"key":"BF02016968_CR5","volume-title":"Superconductivity","author":"R. D. Parks","year":"1969","unstructured":"R. D. PARKS,Superconductivity, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1969."},{"key":"BF02016968_CR6","unstructured":"The mathematically rigorous way of calculating the random error in such a situation would be through the formula $$\\Delta p = \\left[ {p(1 - p)} \\right]^{\\frac{1}{2}} N^{ - \\frac{1}{2}} $$ where p \u2014 the percentage in question in units of the total sample (e.g. 30% is 0.30), \u0394p \u2014 the error on this percentage (i.e. \u00b1\u0394p again in units of the total sample, (e.g. \u00b15% appears as \u00b10.05), N\u2014the total absolute size of the sample whose percentage we consider. Since p(1\u2212p)<1\/2 for any p [in fact p(1\u2212p)\u22641\/4], the approximate formula we have been using for the error calculation turns out to be always overly conservative compared to the rigorous formula, which is just as well, since random errors might not be the only uncertainty attached to the percentages found in our work. We have been asked, from time to time, to provide also some other statistical measures for the \u201creliability\u201d of our numbers, such as confidence limits, etc. We are reluctant to do so, since we feel that such \u201cfancy\u201d indicators might give a falsely optimistic and misleadingly \u201crigorous\u201d impression about the extent to which such reliability can be determined. The approximate \u201cerrors\u201d we have given in our papers provide an order of magnitude estimate of the uncertainties which is all one can, in good conscience, release."}],"container-title":["Scientometrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF02016968.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF02016968\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF02016968","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,14]],"date-time":"2019-05-14T11:41:56Z","timestamp":1557834116000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/BF02016968"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1979,1]]},"references-count":6,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1979,1]]}},"alternative-id":["BF02016968"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf02016968","relation":{},"ISSN":["0138-9130","1588-2861"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0138-9130","type":"print"},{"value":"1588-2861","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1979,1]]}}}