{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T19:26:03Z","timestamp":1770751563717,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5-6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1989,11,1]],"date-time":"1989-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":625881600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Scientometrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/bf02017464","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,11]],"date-time":"2005-08-11T23:15:46Z","timestamp":1123802146000},"page":"437-452","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Between centers and peripheries"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Y.","family":"Chatelin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.","family":"Arvanitis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"BF02017464_CR1","volume-title":"Le d\u00e9veloppment politique","author":"B. Badie","year":"1980","unstructured":"See B. BADIE,Le d\u00e9veloppment politique, Economica, Paris, 1980."},{"key":"BF02017464_CR2","first-page":"149","volume-title":"Pratiques et Politiques Scientifiques","author":"Y. Chatelin","year":"1984","unstructured":"See two papers from Y. CHATELIN, G. RIOU, in:Pratiques et Politiques Scientifiques, Y. CHATELIN, R. ARVANITIS (Eds.), Editions de L'ORSTOM, Paris, 1984; 149\u2013156, 171\u2013181."},{"key":"BF02017464_CR3","volume-title":"Strat\u00e9gies scientifiques et D\u00e9veloppment. Sols et Agriculture des R\u00e9gions Chaudes","author":"Y. Chatelin","year":"1988","unstructured":"Bibliometric studies are generally conducted assuming that the domination of Northern countries versus Southern countries is the \u201cnormal\u201d situation. In order to reassess this statement, see Y. CHATELIN, R. ARVANITIS,Strat\u00e9gies scientifiques et D\u00e9veloppment. Sols et Agriculture des R\u00e9gions Chaudes, Editions de l'ORSTOM, Paris, 1988. See also M. ROCHE, Y. FREITES, Producci\u00f3n y flujo de informacion cientifica en un pais perif\u00e9rico americano (Venezuela),Interciencia, 7 (No 5) (1982) 279\u2013290."},{"issue":"No 105","key":"BF02017464_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3406\/tiers.1986.4437","volume":"27","author":"Y. Chatelin","year":"1986","unstructured":"Y. CHATELIN, La Science et le D\u00e9veloppement. L'Histoire peut-elle recommencer?,Revue Tiers-Monde, 27 (No 105) (1986) 5\u201324.","journal-title":"Revue Tiers-Monde"},{"key":"BF02017464_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1177\/030631288018001005","volume":"18","author":"R. Arvanitis","year":"1988","unstructured":"France is also one of the biggest producers on these topics. Australia, New Zealand, Israel, and South Africa produce 26% of the literature on tropical soils and agriculture and the Southern countries 51%. It is probable that France's position would be even higher if sole \u201cpedology\u201d was taken into account in this statistic. See R. ARVANITIS, Y. CHATELIN, National Scientific Strategies in Tropical Soil Sciences,Social Studies of Science, 18 (1988) 113\u2013148.","journal-title":"Social Studies of Science"},{"key":"BF02017464_CR6","volume-title":"Siencia Acad\u00e9mica en la Venezuela Moderna","year":"1984","unstructured":"On the theme of scientific institutions in the Third World, see H. VESSURI (Ed.),Siencia Acad\u00e9mica en la Venezuela Moderna, Caracas: Fondo Editorial Acta Cient\u00edfica Venezolana, 1984, and H. VESSURI (Ed.),Las instituciones cientificas en la historia de la ciencia en Venezuela, Caracas: Fondo Editorial Acta Cientifica Venezolana, 1987; also SCHARTZMAN (Ed.),Universidades e Institu\u00e7oes cientificas no Rio de Janeiro, CNPq, Brasilia, 1982."},{"key":"BF02017464_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1177\/030631288018001005","volume":"18","author":"R. Arvanitis","year":"1988","unstructured":"We extensively analyze the notion of \u201cmainstream\u201d research in: R. ARVANITIS, Y. CHATELIN, (1988), op. cit.. note 5.","journal-title":"Social Studies of Science"},{"key":"BF02017464_CR8","unstructured":"Moreover, among Central countries, ORSTOM is unique in its functioning since its researchers live in the developing countries where they do the fildwork, so that they share partly the conditions of Peripheral scientists."},{"key":"BF02017464_CR9","unstructured":"This corresponds to the mean age of the entire soil science community of the Institute as revealed by an internal study of a task force on the state of soil sciences in ORSTOM."},{"key":"BF02017464_CR10","unstructured":"Co-authored articles were counted as one unit for each of the authors."},{"key":"BF02017464_CR11","volume-title":"Laboratory Life","author":"B. Latour","year":"1979","unstructured":"B. LATOUR, S. WOOLGAR,Laboratory Life, Sage Publications, Beverly Hills, 1979."},{"key":"BF02017464_CR12","unstructured":"Reference in note 3: Y. CHATELIN, R. ARVANITIS, (1988), specially Chapter 4."},{"key":"BF02017464_CR13","unstructured":"Excluding all non-conventional literature (1.6 for unpublished reports and 1.4 for working papers). As expected\u2014since they represent mostly ideas developed in the long run by individual scientists\u2014working papers show the lowest number of co-authors."},{"key":"BF02017464_CR14","volume-title":"Science on the periphery: a study of the agricultural scientific community in brazilian universities","author":"L. Velho","year":"1985","unstructured":"It is those countries that invented the modern \u201cethic\u201d of science that follow it least. The most probable explanation lies in the fact that, in most of the Third World countries, scientists are encouraged to publish at an international level through the evaluation systems they adopt; this is also the conclusion of L. VELHO,Science on the periphery: a study of the agricultural scientific community in brazilian universities, PhD Thesis, SPRU, Sussex (G.B.), 1985, and of other studies on the institutionalization of research in Third World countries (see references in note 6)."},{"key":"BF02017464_CR15","volume-title":"L'analyse des donn\u00e9es","author":"J. P. Benz\u00e8cri","year":"1973","unstructured":"For general principles of factor analysis, see J. P. BENZ\u00c8CRI,L'analyse des donn\u00e9es, Dunod, Paris, 1973, Vol. 2, 616 and 620 pp. Our computations were made in CIRCE, the main computer center of \u201cCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique\u201d (CNRS) in Paris, applying programs fromYagolnitzer andTabet. For interpretation of this analysis, we used J. P. FENELON,Qu'est-ce que l'analyse des donn\u00e9es?, Lefonen, Paris, 1981, 312 p. We received also personal help fromJ. P. Courtial, \u201cEcole Nationale des Mines\u201d, Paris."},{"key":"BF02017464_CR16","unstructured":"See notes 5 and 7. One has to understand that, relating to French scientists, the \u201cmainstream\u201d cannot be exactly what is defined by the Institute for Scientific Information."},{"key":"BF02017464_CR17","unstructured":"Eisemon andDavis recently showed that this is a common contradiction in the behavior of most scientists. T. O. EISEMON, CH. DAVIS,Publication Strategies of Scientists in Four Peripheral Scientific Communities: Some Issues in the Measurement and Interpretation of Non-Mainstream Science, to be published in a book on academic research environments, P. ALTBACH (Ed.)."},{"key":"BF02017464_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1177\/030631287017001005","volume":"17","author":"Lomnitz","year":"1987","unstructured":"This challenges the view that growing scientific communities tend necessarily to be integrated in the international \u201cmainstream\u201d. For such a recent statement, see LOMNITZ, REES, CAMEO, Publication and Referencing Patterns in a Mexican Research Institute,Social Studies of Science, 17 (1987) 115.","journal-title":"Social Studies of Science"}],"container-title":["Scientometrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF02017464.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF02017464\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF02017464","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,14]],"date-time":"2019-05-14T07:42:02Z","timestamp":1557819722000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/BF02017464"}},"subtitle":["The rise of a new scientific community"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1989,11]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5-6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,11]]}},"alternative-id":["BF02017464"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf02017464","relation":{},"ISSN":["0138-9130","1588-2861"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0138-9130","type":"print"},{"value":"1588-2861","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1989,11]]}}}