{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T09:22:15Z","timestamp":1758705735702},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1991,2,1]],"date-time":"1991-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":665366400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Scientometrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/bf02017524","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,12]],"date-time":"2005-08-12T03:15:35Z","timestamp":1123816535000},"page":"333-357","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["The bibliometric assessment of UK scientific performance a reply to Braun, Gl\u00e4nzel and Schubert"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"B. R.","family":"Martin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"BF02017524_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02017195","volume":"15","author":"T. Braun","year":"1989","unstructured":"T. Braun, W. Gl\u00e4nzel, A. Schubert, \u2018Assessing assessments of British science: some facts and figures to accept or decline\u2019,Scientometrics, 15 (1989) 165\u2013170.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"BF02017524_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1038\/330123a0","volume":"320","author":"B.R. Martin","year":"1987","unstructured":"B.R. Martin, J. Irvine, F. Narin, C. Sterritt, The continuing decline of British science\u2019Nature, 320 (1987) 123\u2013126.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF02017524_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/0048-7333(83)90005-7","volume":"12","author":"B.R. Martin","year":"1983","unstructured":"Quite what epistemological assumptionsBraun et al. are making in putting forward the notion of \u201cthe correct proof\u201d we leave for others to speculate. Suffice it to say that it is not a concept to which we adhere. Furthermore, in all our analyses of research performance, we have always stressed the imperfect or partial nature of bibliometric indicators, and the fact that they can only be used to suggest (rather than to \u201cprove\u201d) certain conclusions. For example, seeB.R. Martin, J. Irvine, \u2018Assessing basic research: some partial indicators of scientific progress in radio astronomy\u2019,Research Policy, 12 (1983) 61\u201390.","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"key":"BF02017524_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02017195","volume":"15","author":"Braun","year":"1989","unstructured":"Braun et al.,op. cit. note 1 \u2018 165.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"BF02017524_CR5","first-page":"170","volume":"15","author":"Braun","year":"1989","unstructured":"Ibid. 170.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"BF02017524_CR6","volume-title":"Investing in the Future: An International Comparison of Government Funding of Academic and Related Research","author":"J. Irvine","year":"1990","unstructured":"J. Irvine, B.R. Martin, P.A. Isard,Investing in the Future: An International Comparison of Government Funding of Academic and Related Research, Elgar, Cheltenham, 1990."},{"key":"BF02017524_CR7","volume-title":"Research Foresight: Priority-Setting in Science","author":"B.R. Martin","year":"1989","unstructured":"See, for example,B.R. Martin, J. Irvine,Research Foresight: Priority-Setting in Science, Pinter Publishers, London, 1989."},{"key":"BF02017524_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1038\/323591a0","volume":"323","author":"J. Irvine","year":"1986","unstructured":"J. Irvine, B.R. Martin, \u2018Is Britain spending enough on science?\u2019,Nature, 323 (1986) 591\u2013594. See alsoIrvine et al.op. cit. note 6.J. Irvine, B.R. Martin, P.A. Isard,Investing in the Future: An International Comparison of Government Funding of Academic and Related Research, Elgar, Cheltenham, 1990.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF02017524_CR9","volume-title":"Science and Public Expenditure 1987","author":"Advisory Board for the Research Councils","year":"1987","unstructured":"See, for example, Advisory Board for the Research Councils,Science and Public Expenditure 1987, Advisory Board for the Research Councils, London, 1987."},{"key":"BF02017524_CR10","series-title":"Business Monitor MO14","volume-title":"Industrial Research and Development Expenditure and Employment 1985","author":"Business Statistics Office","year":"1988","unstructured":"Business Statistics Office,Industrial Research and Development Expenditure and Employment 1985, Business Monitor MO14, HMSO, London, 1988."},{"key":"BF02017524_CR11","first-page":"25","volume":"104","author":"B.R. Martin","year":"1984","unstructured":"B.R. Martin, J. Irvine, R. Turner, \u2018The writing on the wall for British science\u2019,New Scientist, 104 (8 November 1984) 25\u201329.","journal-title":"New Scientist"},{"key":"BF02017524_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1038\/316587a0","volume":"316","author":"J. Irvine","year":"1985","unstructured":"J. Irvine, B.R. Martin, T. Peacock, R. Turner, \u2018Charting the decline in British science\u2019,Nature, 316 (1985) 587\u2013590.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF02017524_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1038\/323681a0","volume":"323","author":"D.C. Smith","year":"1986","unstructured":"D.C. Smith, P.M.D. Collins, D.M. Hicks, S.M. Wyatt, \u2018National performance in basic research\u2019,Nature, 323 (1986) 681\u2013684.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF02017524_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1038\/330123a0","volume":"320","author":"Martin","year":"1987","unstructured":"Martin et al.,op.cit. note 2 \u2018.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF02017524_CR15","first-page":"14","volume":"17","author":"B.R. Martin","year":"1990","unstructured":"A more recent analysis suggests that the decline in the UK's publication share levelled off between 1984 and 1986, although its citation share continued to fall slowly \u2014 seeB.R. Martin, J. Irvine, F. Narin, C. Sterritt, K. Stevens \u2018Recent trends in the output and impact of British science\u2019,Science and Public Policy, 17 (1990) 14\u201326.","journal-title":"Science and Public Policy"},{"key":"BF02017524_CR16","first-page":"149","volume":"15","author":"L. Leydesdorff","year":"1988","unstructured":"L. Leydesdorff, \u2018Problems with the \u201cmeasurement\u201d of national scientific performance\u2019,Science and Public Policy, 15 (1988) 149\u2013152.","journal-title":"Science and Public Policy"},{"key":"BF02017524_CR17","first-page":"153","volume":"15","author":"J. Anderson","year":"1988","unstructured":"J. Anderson, P.M.D. Collins, J. Irvine, P.A. Isard, B.R. Martin, F. Narin, K. Stevens, \u2018On-line approaches to measuring national scientific output \u2014 a cautionary tale\u2019,Science and Public Policy, 15 (1988) 153\u201361. The claim byBraun et al. (op. cit. note 1,T. Braun, W. Gl\u00e4nzel, A. Schubert, \u2018Assessing assessments of British science: some facts and figures to accept or decline\u2019,Scientometrics, 15 (1989) 165. that this debate was \u201cinconclusive for any of the participants\u201d seems difficult to reconcile with Leydesdorff's own admission that \u201cI accept most of their points on the measurement techniques of using \u2018on-line\u2019 databases for this purpose\u201d seeL. Leydesdorff, \u2018Performance figures for British science\u2019,Science and Public Policy, 15 (1988) 270.","journal-title":"Science and Public Policy"},{"key":"BF02017524_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02017727","volume":"17","author":"L. Leydesdorff","year":"1989","unstructured":"L. Leydesdorff, \u2018TheScience Citation Index and the measurement of national scientific performance in terms of numbers of scientific publications\u2019,Scientometrics, 17 (1989) 111\u2013120.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"BF02017524_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02093234","volume":"16","author":"A. Schubert","year":"1989","unstructured":"One of the most recent and comprehensive is to be found inA. Schubert, W. Gl\u00e4nzel, T. Braun, \u2018World flash on basic research: scientometric datafiles \u2014 a comprehensive set of indicators on 2649 journals and 96 countries in all major science fields and subfiels, 1981\u20131985\u2019,Scientometrics, 16 (1989) 3\u2013478.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"BF02017524_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1038\/330123a0","volume":"320","author":"Martin","year":"1987","unstructured":"Our earlier fundings dealt only with the period up to the end of 1984 (seeMartin et al.,op. cit note 2 \u2018). not 1985 asBraun et al. (op. cit. note 1,T. Braun, W. Gl\u00e4nzel, A. Schubert, \u2018Assessing assessments of British science: some facts and figures to accept or decline\u2019,Scientometrics, 15 (1989) 165. imply.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF02017524_CR21","first-page":"166","volume":"15","author":"T. Braun","year":"1989","unstructured":"Braun et al. omit the second of these three options in their classification scheme (seeop. cit. note 1, 166. However, it must be included to arrive at their total of 72 possible variants of publication-based indicators.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"BF02017524_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02093234","volume":"16","author":"Schubert","year":"1989","unstructured":"See, for example,Schubert et al.,op. cit. note 20 \u2018.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"BF02017524_CR23","unstructured":"For a detailed description of the data-base, seeData-Users Guide to the National Science Foundation's Science Literature Indicators Data-Base, CHI Research, Haddon Heights, New Jersey 1987; andData Users Guide to the Science Literature Indicators SP2 Subfield Citation Tape (1981\u201386), CHI Research, Haddon Heights, New Jersey, 1989."},{"key":"BF02017524_CR24","unstructured":"A fourth option here (but one not mentioned byBraun et al.) would be to include research articles only, a course which is investigated later in the paper. Yet another possiblity would be to include several publication types but to give them different weights. Thus,Braun's list of 72 variants is by no means exhaustive."},{"key":"BF02017524_CR25","first-page":"166","volume":"15","author":"T. Braun","year":"1989","unstructured":"The statement byBraun et al. that they produced \u201c140 individual indicator values characterizing the world share of British publications\u201d (op. cit. note 1 166) is therefore incorrect; only half (i.e. 70) relate to the UK'sshare of the world total.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"BF02017524_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/0048-7333(83)90005-7","volume":"12","author":"Martin","year":"1983","unstructured":"SeeMartin andIrvine (op. cit. note 3 \u2018), where we argue that partial indicators can only be used for comparative purposes.","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"key":"BF02017524_CR27","first-page":"166","volume":"15","author":"Braun","year":"1989","unstructured":"Braun et al.,op. cit. note 1 \u2018 166.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"BF02017524_CR28","first-page":"156","volume":"15","author":"Anderson","year":"1988","unstructured":"SeeAnderson et al.,op. cit. note 18 \u2018 156.","journal-title":"Science and Public Policy"},{"key":"BF02017524_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02093234","volume":"16","author":"Schubert","year":"1989","unstructured":"Schubert et al.,op. cit. note 20 \u2018 7.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"BF02017524_CR30","first-page":"114","volume":"15","author":"J. Anderson","year":"1988","unstructured":"Leydesdorff has tried to justify the fact that the world total for \u2018all author\u2019 countscannot be adjusted using his on-line approach in the following way: \u201cFractional counting is based on dividing the world total according to a pie-model, while integer counting allows for intersections, and should therefore be visualized in terms of Venn-diagrams\u201d (op. cit. note 18, 114). However, he goes on to admit that \u201cin the Venn diagram picture, one is no longer able to combine the contributions of various countries to the world share without corrections to the intersection\u201d (ibid.). Furthermore, he fails to point out that an apparent rise in his unadjusted figure for the UK's \u2018percentage\u2019 share of the world total has little significance if the corresponding figures for most other major countries have been growing faster over the same period.","journal-title":"Science and Public Policy"},{"key":"BF02017524_CR31","first-page":"166","volume":"15","author":"Braun","year":"1989","unstructured":"Braun et al.,op. cit. note 1 \u2018 166.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"BF02017524_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02017060","volume":"15","author":"J. Irvine","year":"1989","unstructured":"J. Irvine, B. R. Martin, \u2018International comparisons of scientific performance revisited\u2019,Scientometrics, 15 (1989) 369\u2013392 (see note 58);Schubert et al., \u2018World flash on basic research: scientometric datafiles \u2014 a comprehensive set of indicators on 2649 journals and 96 countries in all major science fields and subfields, 1981\u20131985\u2019,Scientometrics, 16 (1989) 6.Anderson et al.,op. cit. note 18,J. Anderson, P.M.D. Collins, J. Irvine, P.A. Isard, B.R. Martin, F. Narin, K. Stevens, \u2018On-line approaches to measuring national scientific output \u2014 a cautionary tale\u2019,Science and Public Policy, 15 (1988) 154","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"BF02017524_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02017727","volume":"17","author":"Leydesdorff","year":"1989","unstructured":"Leydesdorff,op. cit. note 19, \u2018 113.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"BF02017524_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02093234","volume":"16","author":"Schubert","year":"1989","unstructured":"Schubert et al.op. cit. note 20 \u2018 8.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"BF02017524_CR35","first-page":"168","volume":"15","author":"Braun","year":"1989","unstructured":"Braun et al.,op. cit. note 1 \u2018 168.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"BF02017524_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02093234","volume":"16","author":"Schubert","year":"1989","unstructured":"Schubert et al.,op. cit. note 20 \u2018 6.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"BF02017524_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02017727","volume":"17","author":"Leydesdorff","year":"1989","unstructured":"This view is not, however, shared byLeydesdorff (op. cit. note 19 \u2018 113). In attempting to rationalize the limitations of his on-line search method, he argues somewhat unconvincingly thatall document types covered by the SCI should be included because \u201cwe do not yet know how to attribute relative weights to types of documents\u201d. Then, taking a somewhat different tack, he continues: \u201cIn general one should prefer aggregated data for inferences at the aggregate level, since otherwise methodological problems of inference may emerge\u201d. This would seem to imply a somewhat simplistic notion that bigger samples are always preferable to smaller ones, regardless of whether the latter are less relevant and chosen in a less rigorous manner.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"BF02017524_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02093234","volume":"16","author":"Schubert","year":"1989","unstructured":"None of these nine categories \u201cis relevant in impact oriented evaluations\u201d (Schubert et al.,op. cit. note 20, \u2018 6).","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"BF02017524_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02017057","volume":"15","author":"T. Braun","year":"1989","unstructured":"To support this argument, they have recently produced data on the citations of 1981 and 1982 publications in 1983, broken down by different types of publication (seeT. Braun, W. Gl\u00e4nzel, A. Schubert, \u2018Some data on the distribution of journal publication types in the Science Citation Index database\u2019,Scientometrics, 15 (1989) 325\u2013330). The results apparently show that \u2018letters\u2019 are comparatively well cited. However, these data are highly selective. It is well known that letters often have a more immediate impact but that their citation record then tends to tail off fairly rapidly. By choosing to look at citation records two years or less after publications appear,Braun et al. are focussing on figures that are almost certainly biassed in favour of the \u2018letters\u2019 category. (The author is grateful to Dr. F.Narin for drawing this point to his attention.)","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"BF02017524_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T. Braun (private correspondence, 17 July 1989).","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02026408"},{"key":"BF02017524_CR41","unstructured":"The exception concerns \u2018fractional author\u2019 counts in 1982 where the difference between \u2018tape year\u2019 and \u2018publication year\u2019 indicators is some 0.08% larger than for the \u2018all author\u2019 and \u2018first author\u2019 indicators. This discrepancy can also be seen in Table 2 where the difference between the pairs of indicators 2 and 3, 5 and 8, 10 and 11, and 13 and 14 is a fairly constant 0.10% (\u00b10.02%) exceptfor \u2018published year\u2019 data in 1982 where the gap closes to 0.00%. On the face of it, this would seem to suggest an error has been made byBraun et al. in processing their \u2018publication year\/fractional author\u2019 data, perhaps by inadvertently omitting a few hundred UK papers. This explanation is apparently borne out by the fact that Braun's Fig. 3 (reproduced in the text) shows the same constant gap of 0.1% between \u2018first author\u2019 and fractional author\u2019 countsbut with no coming together of the two graphs in 1982. Yet when this discrepancy between the information supplied to us and Fig. 3 was pointed out,Braun stated that the data were correct (ibid.). Instead, it was Fig. 3 in his published paper which was wrong, we were informed, because \u201cour draughtsman, apparently for misconceived esthetic reasons, moved [the two 1982 points] a bit apart\u201d!"},{"key":"BF02017524_CR42","first-page":"124","volume":"320","author":"Martin","year":"1987","unstructured":"See Table 1 inMartin et al.,op. cit. note 2 \u2018 124.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF02017524_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02093234","volume":"16","author":"Schubert","year":"1989","unstructured":"See, for example,Schubert et al.,op. cit. note 20 \u2018 7.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"BF02017524_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02017727","volume":"17","author":"Leydesdorff","year":"1989","unstructured":"Leydesdorff, op. cit. note 19 \u2018 117.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"BF02017524_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02093234","volume":"16","author":"Schubert","year":"1989","unstructured":"The difference in size is, in any case, fairly trivial. The \u2018fixed journal set\u2019 for 1981\u201385 used bySchubert et al. (op. cit. note 20 \u2018 6) consisted of 2649 journals out of a total of 3711 which appeared over the five years (i.e. 1062 did not appear in at least one of the five years). However, those 2649 journals accounted for 94% of the papers (and received 98% of all citations).","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"BF02017524_CR46","unstructured":"In 1974, 19% of articles, notes and reviews in theSCI were in non-English-language journals, but by 1986 this had almost halved to 10% (F. Narin, private communication, 1990). While this is probably largely the result of authors in countries such as the Federal Republic of Germany and France publishing more frequently in English, it may also be partly due to more \u2018second-rate\u2019 English-language journals having been added to theSCI data-base."},{"key":"BF02017524_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02093234","volume":"16","author":"Schubert","year":"1989","unstructured":"Schubert et al.,op. cit. note 20 \u2018 6.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"BF02017524_CR48","unstructured":"This assumes that the approach ofBraun et al. in calculating the \u201cannual mean relative change\u201d and using the associated standard deviation as a measure of significance is valid. However, as was observed in note 29 above, the indicators are not independent. In this case, all six include data relating to numbers of articles, four contain data relating to notes and reviews, and two data for letters. By taking the average of the six, one is therefore giving greatest weight to research articles and least to letters, with notes and reviews in between, the implicit weighting ratio being 3\u22361\u22362. Nevertheless, such a set of weights is not unreasonable in the light of the earlier discussion of the average scientific contribution of each research article compared with other types of publication."},{"key":"BF02017524_CR49","first-page":"14","volume":"17","author":"Martin","year":"1990","unstructured":"SeeMartin et al.,op. cit. note 16 \u2018.","journal-title":"Science and Public Policy"},{"key":"BF02017524_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02017727","volume":"17","author":"Leydesdorff","year":"1989","unstructured":"Leydesdorff (op. cit. note 19 \u2018) continues to maintain that the reason why he obtains an increase in Britain's world share compared with the decrease suggested by the CHI data-base is because the latter is derived from a \u2018fixed journal set\u2019. However, this does not square with the fact that every one of the nine \u2018all journal\u2019 indicators in Table 4 shows a decline over 1981\u201385, the \u201cannual mean relative change\u201d being \u22120.5% (\u00b10.2%).","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"BF02017524_CR51","unstructured":"The author is indebted to ProfessorR. Johnston for this point."},{"key":"BF02017524_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1039\/ap9892600087","volume":"26","author":"T. Braun","year":"1989","unstructured":"T. Braun, A. Schubert, S. Zsindely, \u2018The decline of British analytical chemistry: fact or artifact?\u2019,Analytical Proceedings, 26 (1989) 87\u201391.","journal-title":"Analytical Proceedings"},{"key":"BF02017524_CR53","first-page":"126","volume":"320","author":"Martin","year":"1987","unstructured":"Martin et al.,op. cit. note 2 \u2018 126.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF02017524_CR54","first-page":"170","volume":"15","author":"Braun","year":"1989","unstructured":"Braun et al.,op. cit. note 1 \u2018 170.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"BF02017524_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02093234","volume":"16","author":"Schubert","year":"1989","unstructured":"Schubert et al.,op. cit. note 20 \u2018 472.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"BF02017524_CR56","unstructured":"The \u2018activity index\u2019 is defined as a country's share of the world publication total in a given field divided by that country's share of the world publication output for all fields. The \u2018attractivity index\u2019 is defined in the same way but for citation shares rather than publication shares."},{"key":"BF02017524_CR57","first-page":"170","volume":"15","author":"Braun","year":"1989","unstructured":"Braun et al.,op. cit. note 1 \u2018 170.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"BF02017524_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02017103","volume":"14","author":"A.J. Nederhof","year":"1988","unstructured":"A.J. Nederhof, \u2018Change in publication patterns of biotechnologists: an evaluation of the impact of government stimulation programs in six industrial nations\u2019,Scientometrics, 14 (1988) 475\u2013485; the quotation reproduced in the text appears on page 484.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"}],"container-title":["Scientometrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF02017524.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF02017524\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF02017524","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,8]],"date-time":"2020-04-08T22:26:43Z","timestamp":1586384803000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/BF02017524"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1991,2]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,2]]}},"alternative-id":["BF02017524"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf02017524","relation":{},"ISSN":["0138-9130","1588-2861"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0138-9130","type":"print"},{"value":"1588-2861","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1991,2]]}}}