{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,2]],"date-time":"2022-04-02T14:04:25Z","timestamp":1648908265291},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1981,9,1]],"date-time":"1981-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":368150400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Scientometrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1981,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/bf02017573","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,5]],"date-time":"2005-08-05T09:08:07Z","timestamp":1123232887000},"page":"349-362","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The earth and planetary sciences in science during the twentieth century"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"D. H.","family":"Hall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"BF02017573_CR1","unstructured":"D. M. HALL, 1976.History of the earth sciences during the scientific and industrial revolutions. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., 297. See 1\u20137 and Fig. 4. 1, 238."},{"key":"BF02017573_CR2","volume-title":"Science and civilization in China","author":"J. Needham","year":"1965","unstructured":"J. NEEDHAM,Science and civilization in China. University Press, Cambridge, 1965, vol. 4, pt. 1, 42\u201351."},{"key":"BF02017573_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.2307\/1787911","volume":"89","author":"E. G. R. Taylor","year":"1937","unstructured":"For a discussion of the earlier burst of exploration and its effect on the science of gravitation and related areas, see. E. G. R. TAYLOR, The geographical ideas of Robert Hook.Geographical Journal, 89 (1937) 525\u2013538.","journal-title":"Geographical Journal"},{"key":"BF02017573_CR4","first-page":"233","volume-title":"The Fabric of Geology","author":"A. F. Hagner","year":"1963","unstructured":"For a discussion of nineteenth century geology and major ideas which came out of it see A. F. HAGNER, Philosophical aspects of the geological sciences. In: C. C. ALBRITTON (Ed.),The Fabric of Geology Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass. 1963, 233\u2013234."},{"key":"BF02017573_CR5","first-page":"6","volume":"1","author":"N. H. V. Heathcote de","year":"1959","unstructured":"For a discussion of this point, see HALL (1976) op. cit. note 1, 71\u201374. A basic reference on the scientific projects characteristic of this phase of development is: N. H. de V. HEATHCOTE, A. ARMITAGE. The first international polar year.Annals of the International Geophysical Year, 1, (1959) 6\u2013100 (in English), and 105\u2013205 (in French).","journal-title":"Annals of the International Geophysical Year"},{"key":"BF02017573_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.2307\/1787911","volume":"89","author":"E. G. R. Taylor","year":"1937","unstructured":"This point is discussed by HAGNER (1963)op. cit. note 3.","journal-title":"Geographical Journal"},{"key":"BF02017573_CR7","first-page":"533","volume-title":"A history of geographical discovery and exploration","author":"J. N. L. Baker","year":"1937","unstructured":"This burst of exploration is separated out and summarized in standard histories of geographical exploration, such as the following: J. N. L. BAKER.A history of geographical discovery and exploration 2 nd. Harrap, London, 1937, 533.","edition":"2 nd."},{"key":"BF02017573_CR8","unstructured":"HALL, op. cit. 1976.History of the earth sciences during the scientific and industrial revolutions. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., 297. See 1\u20137 and Fig. 4. 1, 238. note 1, 258\u2013260."},{"key":"BF02017573_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1177\/030631277700700414","volume":"7","author":"D. J. Frame","year":"1977","unstructured":"The combination of earth and planetary science is being increasingly recognized as a separate unit within science. For example, see a recent analysis of world science: D. J. FRAME, F. NARIN, M. P. CARPENTER, The distribution of world science.Social Studies of Science, 7 (1977) 501\u2013516.","journal-title":"Social Studies of Science"},{"key":"BF02017573_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1177\/030631277700700414","volume":"7","author":"D. J. Frame","year":"1977","unstructured":"The leading status in science of these two countries is confirmed quantitively in the publication by FRAME et al. (1977),op. cit.. note 8.","journal-title":"Social Studies of Science"},{"key":"BF02017573_CR11","unstructured":"Encyclopedia of science and technology, McGraw-Hill Vol. 4, 1960, p. 345."},{"key":"BF02017573_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1126\/science.182.4110.358","volume":"182","author":"C. Starr","year":"1973","unstructured":"A comprehensive summary of growth models may be found in the paper: C. STARR, R. RUDMAN. Parameters of technological growth.Science, 182 (1973) 358\u2013364.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF02017573_CR13","unstructured":"For growth models in earth science, see HALL, op. cit. 1976.History of the earth sciences during the scientific and industrial revolutions. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., 297. See 1\u20137 and Fig. 4. 1 238. note 1, p. 159\u2013206, and H. W. MENARD.Science: growth and change. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass 1971. 215 p. Of particular importance to the present paper isMenard's Fig. 3. 1, p. 41."},{"key":"BF02017573_CR14","unstructured":"The subfields used by MENARD, op. cit.Science: growth and change. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass. 1971, 251 p. Of particular importance to the present paper isMenard's Fig. 3. 1, p. 41. note 12 to define \u201cgeology\u201d are listed in his footnotes on p. 40 and p. 54. These comprise more than are generally taken to constitute the science of geology."},{"key":"BF02017573_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1126\/science.182.4110.358","volume":"182","author":"C. Starr","year":"1973","unstructured":"These figures were obtained from MENARD (1971),op cit.. note 11, Fig. 3. 1, p. 41 by dividing the subtotal for \u201cgeology\u201d by the total.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF02017573_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1177\/030631277700700414","volume":"7","author":"D. J. Frame","year":"1977","unstructured":"This analysis forms a major part of the paper by FRAME et al. 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