{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T14:45:01Z","timestamp":1700232301091},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1995,11,1]],"date-time":"1995-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":815184000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Scientometrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/bf02018009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,12]],"date-time":"2005-08-12T03:28:57Z","timestamp":1123817337000},"page":"415-426","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Research impact quantification"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Johnston","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"BF02018009_CR1","unstructured":"For an overview, OTA,Research Funding as an Investment; Can we Measure the Returns, US Congress, 1989."},{"key":"BF02018009_CR2","unstructured":"For example,A. F. J. van Raan et al.,Science and Technology Indicators, DSWO Press, 1989;H. F. Moed,The Use of Bibliometric Indicators for the Assessment of Research Performance, DSWO Press, 1989."},{"key":"BF02018009_CR3","unstructured":"P. Bourke, L. Butler, \u2018Science in our universities: What's done where?\u2019The Australian, 8 March 1995."},{"key":"BF02018009_CR4","unstructured":"For example,H. Grupp (Ed.),Problems of Measuring Technological Change, Verlag, 1987, and subsequent reports."},{"key":"BF02018009_CR5","volume-title":"A Review of Research and Development Evaluation","author":"R. T. Prinsley","year":"1993","unstructured":"For example,R. T. Prinsley,A Review of Research and Development Evaluation, AGPS, Canberra, 1993."},{"key":"BF02018009_CR6","unstructured":"Industry Commission,Research and Development, Canberra, 1994."},{"key":"BF02018009_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1080\/08956308.1989.11670595","volume":"28","author":"G. K. Morbey","year":"1989","unstructured":"G. K. Morbey, R. & D expenditures and profit growth,Research Technology Management, 28 (1989) 20.","journal-title":"Research Technology Management"},{"key":"BF02018009_CR8","unstructured":"E. Mansfield, Social returns from R & D,Research Technology Management, Vol. 30, 1991; a recent critical review of the literature is provided in Industry Commission,op. cit., ref. 6,Research and Development, Canberra, 1994, Vol. 3."},{"key":"BF02018009_CR9","volume-title":"Methods for Evaluating Fundamental Science","author":"S. Cozzens","year":"1994","unstructured":"S. Cozzens et al.,Methods for Evaluating Fundamental Science, RAND, Office of Science and Technology Policy, Washington, 1994."},{"key":"BF02018009_CR10","unstructured":"D. E. Stokes, \u2018The Impaired Dialog between Science and Government and What Might Be Done About It\u2019, delivered to Nineteenth Annual AAAS Colloquium on Science and Technology Policy, Washington, April, 1994, p. 2."},{"key":"BF02018009_CR11","unstructured":"For example, the Industry Commission offers the following definitions: \u201cnon-rivalry \u2014 it can be made available to a number of users simultaneously, at no extra cost to the supplier; and non-excludability \u2014 users cannot be denied access to it\u201d, p. A98."},{"key":"BF02018009_CR12","unstructured":"D. J. Teece, Technological change and the nature of the firm, In:G. Dosi et al. (Eds.),Technical Change and Economic Theory, Macmillan, 1988."},{"key":"BF02018009_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1177\/016224399401900401","volume":"19","author":"M. Callon","year":"1994","unstructured":"M. Callon, Is science a public good?Science, Technology & Human Values, 19 (1994) 407.","journal-title":"Science, Technology & Human Values"},{"key":"BF02018009_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.2307\/2234208","volume":"99","author":"B. W. Arthur","year":"1989","unstructured":"Key references areB. W. Arthur, Competing technologies, increasing returns and lock-in by historical events,Economic Journal, 99 (1989) 116\u2013131 andP. A. David, Clio and the economics of QWERTY,American Economic Review, 75 (1984) 332\u2013337.","journal-title":"Economic Journal"},{"key":"BF02018009_CR15","unstructured":"M. Callon,op. cit. ref. 4, p. 408.H. Grupp (Ed.),Problems of Measuring Technological Change, Verlag, 1987, and subsequent reports."},{"key":"BF02018009_CR16","unstructured":"For example,C. Freeman, L. Soete,New Explorations in the Economics of Technological Change, Pinter, 1990,R. Nelson,Understanding Technological Change as an Evolutionary Process, North Holland, 1987."},{"key":"BF02018009_CR17","unstructured":"OECD, \u2018Interactions in Knowledge Systems; Foundation, Policy Implications and Empirical Methods\u2019, DSTI\/STP\/TIP(94)15, Paris, 1994, p. 4."},{"key":"BF02018009_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.2307\/2233372","volume":"98","author":"J. Fagerberg","year":"1988","unstructured":"J. Fagerberg, International competitiveness,Economic Journal, 98 (1988) 355\u2013374.","journal-title":"Economic Journal"},{"key":"BF02018009_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Ziman,Prometheus Bound; Science in a Dynamic Steady State, Cambridge University Press, 1994.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511585067"},{"key":"BF02018009_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Johnston, Strategic policy for science, In:S. Cozzens et al.,The Research System in Transition, Kluwer Press, 1990.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-2091-0_17"},{"key":"BF02018009_CR21","unstructured":"J. Ziman,op. cit., ref. 17, OECD, \u2018Interactions in Knowledge Systems; Foundation, Policy Implications and Empirical Methods\u2019, DSTI\/STP\/TIP(94)15, Paris, 1994, p. 251."},{"key":"BF02018009_CR22","unstructured":"Ibid. J. Ziman,op. cit., ref. 17, OECD, \u2018Interactions in Knowledge Systems; Foundation, Policy Implications and Empirical Methods\u2019, DSTI\/STP\/TIP(94)15, Paris, 1994, p. 263."}],"container-title":["Scientometrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF02018009.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF02018009\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF02018009","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,14]],"date-time":"2019-05-14T11:42:09Z","timestamp":1557834129000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/BF02018009"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,11]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,11]]}},"alternative-id":["BF02018009"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf02018009","relation":{},"ISSN":["0138-9130","1588-2861"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0138-9130","type":"print"},{"value":"1588-2861","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,11]]}}}