{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T21:27:00Z","timestamp":1754602020033},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1995,11,1]],"date-time":"1995-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":815184000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Scientometrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/bf02018014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,11]],"date-time":"2005-08-11T23:28:57Z","timestamp":1123802937000},"page":"473-487","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Structural effects of EC RT & D programmes"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Lar\u00e9do","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"BF02018014_CR1","volume-title":"Conclusions and Recommendations\u2019 in Evaluation of Research and Development","author":"G. Bogghio","year":"1984","unstructured":"SeeG. Bogghio, \u2018Conclusions and Recommendations\u2019 in Evaluation of Research and Development, Proceedings of the seminar held in Brussels, October 1983, Reidel, Dordrecht 1984."},{"key":"BF02018014_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1177\/016224399401900401","volume":"19","author":"M. Callon","year":"1994","unstructured":"M. Callon, \u2018Is science a public good?\u2019,Science, Technology & Human Values, 19 (1994) 395.","journal-title":"Science, Technology & Human Values"},{"key":"BF02018014_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/0048-7333(91)90073-Y","volume":"20","author":"T. A. Watkins","year":"1991","unstructured":"T. A. Watkins, A technological communications cost model of R&D Consortia as public policy,Research Policy, 20 (1991) 87.","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"key":"BF02018014_CR4","volume-title":"La Gestion Strat\u00e9gique de la Recherche et de la Technologie: l'Evalaution des Programmes Technologiques","year":"1995","unstructured":"The recent state of the art on evaluation practices published in France demonstrates it clearly.M. Callon, P. Lar\u00e9do, P. Mustar (Eds.),La Gestion Strat\u00e9gique de la Recherche et de la Technologie: l'Evalaution des Programmes Technologiques, Economica, Paris, 1995."},{"key":"BF02018014_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/0048-7333(92)90039-7","volume":"21","author":"J. Hagedoorn","year":"1992","unstructured":"J. Hagedoorn, J. Schakenraad, Leading companies and networks of strategic alliances in information technologies,Research Policy, 21 (1992) 163.","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"key":"BF02018014_CR6","volume-title":"Les D\u00e9fis de la Mondialisation","author":"P. Mustar","year":"1994","unstructured":"See for instance for FranceP. Mustar \u2018La politique d'Innovation en France: le Colbertisme Entam\u00e9\u2019, In:F. Sachwald (Ed.),Les D\u00e9fis de la Mondialisation, Masson, Paris, 1994."},{"key":"BF02018014_CR7","volume-title":"Figures de l'Irr\u00e9versibilit\u00e9 en Economie","author":"M. Callon","year":"1991","unstructured":"SeeM. Callon, R\u00e9seaux technico-\u00e9conomiques et irr\u00e9versibilit\u00e9, In:R. Boyer (Ed.),Figures de l'Irr\u00e9versibilit\u00e9 en Economie, EHESS, Paris, 1991."},{"key":"BF02018014_CR8","volume-title":"The Impact of Community Research Programmes in France","author":"P. Lar\u00e9do","year":"1995","unstructured":"Undertaken in 1993, it has consisted in four main steps: a) the identification of participating units (by using the individual databases of each specific programme, we went from some 2500 participations mentioned for France in the CREST evaluation to some 4500!); b) the building and test of a questionnaire which enabled comparisons both with other national studies and with the previous one done in France in 1989, and dealt specifically with partnerships, collaborative arrangements and the circulation and use of the \u201cmain result\u201d for the participant; c) an ad hoc process for gathering one questionnaire per research unit (and especially for insuring a satisfying return rate from SMEs); d) a multidimensional treatment to enable analyses by type of participant, by programme but also by type of collaborative patterns. SeeP. Lar\u00e9do,The Impact of Community Research Programmes in France, Presses de L'Ecole des Mines, Paris, 1995."},{"key":"BF02018014_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-99778-5","volume-title":"European Technology Policy in Germany","author":"G. Reger","year":"1995","unstructured":"G. Reger, S. Kuhlmann,European Technology Policy in Germany, Physica Verlag, Heidelberg, 1995."},{"key":"BF02018014_CR10","unstructured":"SeeOrmala et al., \u2018Evaluation of EUREKA Industrial and Economic Effects\u2019, Paris, 1993."},{"key":"BF02018014_CR11","unstructured":"We even spoke of programmes (with the exception of Science) as \u201ewar machines to foster new encounters\u201d. SeeP. Lar\u00e9do, M. Callon, L'Impact des Programmes Communautaires sur le Tissu Scientifique et Technique Fran\u00e7ais, La Documentation Fran\u00e7aise, Paris, 1990."},{"key":"BF02018014_CR12","unstructured":"Of course not in all areas of S & T and not equally in those covered by the FP: these are clearly aspects which require more in depth analyses."},{"key":"BF02018014_CR13","volume-title":"The Research Networks built by the MHR Programme","author":"P. Lar\u00e9do","year":"1992","unstructured":"P. Lar\u00e9do, B. Kahane, J. B. Meyer, D. Vinck, The Research Networks built by the MHR Programme\u2019, CCE, Bruxelles, 1992:D. Vinck, P. Lar\u00e9do, \u2018The Networks Promoted by the JOULE programme\u2019, CCE, Bruxelles, 1993. See also for a preliminary synthesis:P. Lar\u00e9do, \u2018EC and EUREKA Promoted Networks: Towards a Redefinition of European Public Interventions\u2019, Colloquium \u2018Management of Collaborative European Programmes and Projects in Research, Education and Training\u2019, Oxford, April 11\u201313th, 1994."},{"key":"BF02018014_CR14","volume-title":"Technological Collaboration","author":"P. Lar\u00e9do","year":"1995","unstructured":"SeeP. Lar\u00e9do, P. Mustar, \u2018The techno-economic networks, a socio-economic approach to state intervention in innovation\u2019, In:R. Coombs, P. Saviotti, A. Richards, V. Walsh (Eds),Technological Collaboration, Edward Elgar, London, 1995."},{"key":"BF02018014_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.2307\/2233763","volume":"99","author":"W. M. Cohen","year":"1989","unstructured":"SeeW. M. Cohen, D. A. Levinthal, Innovation and learning: the two faces of R & D,The Economic Journal, 99 (1989) 569.","journal-title":"The Economic Journal"},{"key":"BF02018014_CR16","volume-title":"Les effets industriels de l'initiative EUREKA en France","author":"P. Lar\u00e9do","year":"1993","unstructured":"The evaluation of the EUREKA initiative in France highlighted the fact that, in areas not yet covered by the FP, EUREKA promoted similar networks which represented during its first phase (up to 1990), the third of all supported networks. See:P. Lar\u00e9do, A. Breitenstein, Les effets industriels de l'initiative EUREKA en France, CSI, Paris, 1993."},{"key":"BF02018014_CR17","volume-title":"Economic History and the Modern Economist","author":"P. David","year":"1986","unstructured":"SeeP. David, \u2018Understanding the economics of QWERTY: the necessity of history\u2019, In:W. N. Parker (Ed.),Economic History and the Modern Economist, Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 1986."},{"key":"BF02018014_CR18","volume-title":"L'Evaluation Economique des Effets des Programmes BRITE-EURAM sur l'Industrie Europ\u00e9enne","author":"M. J. Ledoux","year":"1993","unstructured":"M. J. Ledoux, L. Bach, \u2018L'Evaluation Economique des Effets des Programmes BRITE-EURAM sur l'Industrie Europ\u00e9enne\u2019, CEE-BETA, Strasbourg, 1993."},{"key":"BF02018014_CR19","volume-title":"The Sources of Innovation","author":"E. Hippel Von","year":"1988","unstructured":"SeeE. Von Hippel,The Sources of Innovation, Oxford University Press, New York, 1988."},{"key":"BF02018014_CR20","unstructured":"Quite often though there were \u201ccollective industrial research centres\u201d."},{"key":"BF02018014_CR21","volume-title":"El\u00e9ments d'Histoire des Sciences","author":"B. Latour","year":"1989","unstructured":"SeeB. Latour, Joliot, L'histoire et la physique m\u00e9l\u00e9es, In:M. Serres (Ed.),El\u00e9ments d'Histoire des Sciences, Bordas, Paris, 1989."},{"key":"BF02018014_CR22","unstructured":"See CSRT 1993 annual report which proposes to replace the notion of pre-competitive research by \u201crecherche partenariale\u201d."},{"key":"BF02018014_CR23","unstructured":"See for instance the process adopted by the US Advanced technology Programme with the white papers and the focus groups."}],"container-title":["Scientometrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF02018014.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF02018014\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF02018014","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,14]],"date-time":"2019-05-14T07:42:10Z","timestamp":1557819730000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/BF02018014"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,11]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,11]]}},"alternative-id":["BF02018014"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf02018014","relation":{},"ISSN":["0138-9130","1588-2861"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0138-9130","type":"print"},{"value":"1588-2861","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,11]]}}}