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Nadel","year":"1981","unstructured":"Ref. 12, p. iii."},{"key":"BF02028084_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1177\/003803858001400303","volume":"14","author":"E. Nadel","year":"1980","unstructured":"E. Nadel, Formal communication, journal concentration and the rise of a discipline in physics,Sociology, 14 (1980) 401\u2013416.","journal-title":"Sociology"},{"key":"BF02028084_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1177\/016555158400800301","volume":"8","author":"S. Arunachalam","year":"1984","unstructured":"S. Arunachalam, U.N. Singh, Publication and citation patterns in the literature of a high metabolism area: the case of superconductivity in 1970,Journal of Information Science, 8 (1984) 93\u2013102.","journal-title":"Journal of Information Science"},{"key":"BF02028084_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1177\/016555158501000405","volume":"10","author":"S. Arunachalam","year":"1985","unstructured":"S. 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Garfield","year":"1988","unstructured":"E. Garfield, The 1987 Nobel Prize in physics: citations to K.A. M\u00fcller and J.D. Bednorz's seminal work mirror developments in superconductivity,Current Contents\/Arts & Humanities, 10 (1988) 3\u201311.","journal-title":"Current Contents\/Arts & Humanities"},{"key":"BF02028084_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"The title of the paper is \u201cPossible high-Tc superconductivity in the Ba\u2212La\u2212Cu\u2212O system\u201d, in which M\u00fcller and Bednorz published their monumental discovery that brought them the 1987 Nobel Prize in physics. The paper appeared inZeitschrift f\u00fcr Physik B, 64 (1986) 189\u2013193.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01303701"},{"key":"BF02028084_CR21","series-title":"Final Report on Office of Technology Assessment","volume-title":"Federal Support of Leadingedge Research: Report on a Method for Identifying Innovative Areas of Scientific Research and Their Extent of Federal Support","author":"H.G. Small","year":"1989","unstructured":"H.G. Small, D. Pendlebury, Federal Support of Leadingedge Research: Report on a Method for Identifying Innovative Areas of Scientific Research and Their Extent of Federal Support, (Final Report on Office of Technology Assessment), Institute for Scientific Information, Philadelphia, 1989, 71p."},{"key":"BF02028084_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1177\/009365089016005008","volume":"16","author":"T.A. Brooks","year":"1989","unstructured":"T.A. Brooks, Core journals of the rapidly changing research front of \u201cSuperconductivity\u201d,Communication Research, 16 (1989) 682\u2013694.","journal-title":"Communication Research"},{"key":"BF02028084_CR23","unstructured":"The temporal scope was chosen based on the fact that the majority of the literature related to the discovery of high-Tc superconductors got published in that period."},{"key":"BF02028084_CR24","unstructured":"The problem of the citation database arises whenever a citation study is planned for a developing country.Moravcsik (1985, p. 3) reports that only about half of the scientific output of the Third World which meets international standards of excellence is included inScience Citation Index (SCI). In analyzing the latest update of the Science Literature Indicators Database, compiled for NSF by CHI Research,Irvine andMartin (1989) found that in 1984 seven countries, Canada, France, FRG, Japan, UK, USA, and USSR, produced over 75% of the scientific publications, while the input from the rest of the world, which include developing countries, only accounts for less than 25%. As for the national shares of citations to all previous research, more than 82% went to the seven countries, and less than 18% went to other nations. SCI's coverage of Chinese literature is minimal partially because of the ideographic basis of the Chinese language."},{"key":"BF02028084_CR25","unstructured":"The four key journals, identified by specialists in China, are: (1)Acta Physica Sinica, Beijing, Chinese Society of Physics, Monthly. (2)Chinese Journal of Low Temperature Physics, Hefei, Anhui, China University of Science & Technology, Quarterly. (3)Cryogenics & Superconductivity, Hefei, Anhui, Editorial Board of Cryogenics & Superconductivity, Quarterly. (4)Science Bulletin, Beijing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Semi-monthly."},{"key":"BF02028084_CR26","unstructured":"It is available from the present writer upon request."},{"key":"BF02028084_CR27","unstructured":"There are 923 citing documents in the Chinese database, while the non-Chinese citation database contains 14655 citing entries. The latter is almost 16 times larger than the former in size."},{"key":"BF02028084_CR28","first-page":"10","volume-title":"Communication among Scientists and Engineers","author":"D. Solla Price de","year":"1970","unstructured":"D. de Solla Price, Citation measures of hard science, soft science, technology and non-science, In:C.E. Nelson, D.K. Pollock (Eds),Communication among Scientists and Engineers, Health & Co., Lexington, MA, 1970, p. 10."},{"key":"BF02028084_CR29","unstructured":"The expected value for the \u201cthree-year immediacy score\u201d is 50% (Ref.21, p. 9), whilePrice guessed that 75\u201380% would be the expected value for Price's Index (Ref.28, p.10)."},{"key":"BF02028084_CR30","unstructured":"(1) American Institute of Physics, Physics and Astronomy Classification Scheme \u2014 1990,Physical Review Letters, 63 (1990) Insert. (2)R.J. Cava, Superconductors beyond 1-2-3,Scientific American, 263 (1990) 42\u201349. (3)R.M. Hazen,The Breakthrough: the Race for Superconductor, Summit Books, New York, 1988, 271p. (4)J.C. Phillips,Physics of High-Tc Superconductors, Academic Press, Boston, 1989, 393p. (5)M. Tinkham,Introduction to Superconductivity, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1975, 296p. (6)H.W. Weber (Ed),High-Tc Superconductors, Plenum Press, New York, 1988, 363p."},{"key":"BF02028084_CR31","unstructured":"Dr.Ke Zhang kindly offered help in labeling the clusters."},{"key":"BF02028084_CR32","first-page":"93","volume":"8","author":"S. Arunachalam","year":"1984","unstructured":"S. Arunachalam, K. Manorama, Are citation-based quantitative techniques adequate for measuring science on the periphery?Scientometrics, 8 (1984) 93\u2013102.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"BF02028084_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02016310","volume":"1","author":"Y.M. Rabkin","year":"1979","unstructured":"Y.M. Rabkin, H. Inhaber, Science on the periphery: a citation study of three less developed countries,Scientometrics, 1 (1979) 261\u2013274.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"BF02028084_CR34","first-page":"270","volume-title":"The Sociology of Science: Theoretical and Empirical Investigations","author":"R.K. 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