{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T10:54:38Z","timestamp":1774263278571,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1994,12,1]],"date-time":"1994-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":786240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Comput Vision"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/bf02028349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,13]],"date-time":"2005-08-13T07:24:46Z","timestamp":1123917886000},"page":"271-294","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":346,"title":["Depth from defocus: A spatial domain approach"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Murali","family":"Subbarao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gopal","family":"Surya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"BF02028349_CR1","volume-title":"Principles of Optics","author":"M. Born","year":"1980","unstructured":"M. Born and E. Wolf,Principles of Optics, Pergamon Press, Oxford, Sixth Edition, 1980.","edition":"Sixth Edition"},{"key":"BF02028349_CR2","volume-title":"Linear Systems, Fourier Transforms, and Optics","author":"J.D. Gaskill","year":"1978","unstructured":"J.D. Gaskill,Linear Systems, Fourier Transforms, and Optics, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1978."},{"key":"BF02028349_CR3","unstructured":"J.W. Goodman,Introduction to Fourier Optics, McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1968."},{"key":"BF02028349_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8655(87)90026-2","volume":"5","author":"P. Grossman","year":"1987","unstructured":"P. Grossman, \u201cDepth from Focus,\u201dPattern Recognition Letters 5, pp. 63\u201369, Jan. 1987.","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition Letters"},{"key":"BF02028349_CR5","unstructured":"B.K.P. Horn, \u201cFocusing,\u201d Artificial Intelligence Memo No. 160, MIT, 1968."},{"key":"BF02028349_CR6","unstructured":"B.K.P. Horn,Robot Vision, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1986."},{"key":"BF02028349_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Ens and P. Lawrence, \u201cA Matrix Based Method for Determining Depth from Focus,\u201dProceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, June 1991.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.1991.139760"},{"key":"BF02028349_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R.A. Jarvis, \u201cA Perspective on Range Finding Techniques for Computer Vision,\u201dIEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, PAMI-5, No. 2, pp. 122\u2013139, March 1983.","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.1983.4767365"},{"key":"BF02028349_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00127822","volume":"1","author":"E. Krotkov","year":"1987","unstructured":"E. Krotkov, \u201cFocusing,\u201dInternational Journal of Computer Vision, 1, 223\u2013237, 1987.","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer Vision"},{"issue":"4","key":"BF02028349_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1109\/34.126803","volume":"14","author":"S. Lai","year":"1992","unstructured":"S. Lai and C. Fu, \u201cA Generalized Depth Estimation Algorithm with a Single Image,\u201dIEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol. 14, NO. 4, April 1992, pp. 405\u2013411.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"BF02028349_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/1047-3203(92)90030-W","volume":"3","author":"P. Meer","year":"1992","unstructured":"P. Meer and I. Weiss, \u201cSmoothed Differentiation Filters for Images,\u201dJournal of Visual Communication and Image Representation, 3, 1, 1992.","journal-title":"Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation"},{"key":"BF02028349_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S.K. Nayar, \u201cShape from Focus System,\u201dProceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Champaign, Illinois, pp. 302\u2013308, June 1992.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.1992.223259"},{"issue":"4","key":"BF02028349_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.1987.4767940","volume":"PAMI-9","author":"A.P. Pentland","year":"1987","unstructured":"A.P. Pentland, \u201cA New Sense for Depth of Field,\u201dIEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol. PAMI-9, No. 4, pp. 523\u2013531, 1987.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"BF02028349_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A.P. Pentland, \u201cA Simple Real-time Range Camera,\u201dProceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, San Diego, California, June 1989.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.1989.37858"},{"key":"BF02028349_CR15","unstructured":"J.F. Schlag, A.C. Sanderson, C.P. Neuman, and F.C. Wimberly, \u201cImplementation of automatic focusing algorithms for a computer vision system with camera control,\u201d CMU-RI-TR-83-14, Robotics Institute, Carnegie-Mellon University, 1983."},{"key":"BF02028349_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W.F. Schreiber,Fundamentals of Electronic Imaging Systems, Springer-Verlag, Section 2.5.2., 1986.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-96961-4"},{"key":"BF02028349_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Subbarao, \u201cParallel Depth Recovery by Changing Camera Parameters, \u201dSecond International Conference on Computer Vision, Florida, USA, pp. 149\u2013155, December 1988.","DOI":"10.1109\/CCV.1988.589986"},{"key":"BF02028349_CR18","unstructured":"M. Subbarao, \u201cComputational Methods and Electronic Camera Apparatus for Determining Distance of Objects, Rapid Autofocusing, and obtaining improved Focus Images,\u201d U.S. patent application serial number 07\/373, 996, June 1989 (pending), 1989a."},{"key":"BF02028349_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-266719-0.50008-7","volume-title":"Machine Vision for Inspection and Measurement","author":"M. Subbarao","year":"1989","unstructured":"M. Subbarao, \u201cEfficient Depth Recovery through Inverse Optics,\u201d Editor: H. Freeman,Machine Vision for Inspection and Measurement, Academic Press, Boston, pp. 101\u2013126, 1989b."},{"key":"BF02028349_CR20","series-title":"Tech. Report","volume-title":"Determining Distance from Defocused Images of Simple Objects","author":"M. Subbarao","year":"1989","unstructured":"M. Subbarao, \u201cDetermining Distance from Defocused Images of Simple Objects,\u201d Tech. Report No. 89.07.20, Computer Vision Laboratory, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2350, 1989c."},{"key":"BF02028349_CR21","series-title":"Tech. Report","volume-title":"On the Depth Information in the Point Spread Function of a Defocused Optical System","author":"M. Subbarao","year":"1990","unstructured":"M. Subbarao, \u201cOn the Depth Information in the Point Spread Function of a Defocused Optical System,\u201d Tech. Report No. 90.02.07, Feb. 1990, Computer Vision Laboratory, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2350."},{"key":"BF02028349_CR22","series-title":"Tech. Report","volume-title":"Spatial-Domain Convolution\/Deconvolution Transform","author":"M. Subbarao","year":"1991","unstructured":"M. Subbarao, \u201cSpatial-Domain Convolution\/Deconvolution Transform,\u201d Tech. Report No. 91.07.03, Computer Vision Laboratory, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2350, 1991."},{"key":"BF02028349_CR23","unstructured":"M. Subbarao, T.S. Choi, and A. Nikzad, \u201cFocusing Techniques,\u201d Vol. 1823, Proceedings of SPIE conference, OE\/TECHNOLOGY'92, Boston, Nov. 1992, pp. 163\u2013174."},{"key":"BF02028349_CR24","unstructured":"M. Subbarao and M. Lu, \u201cComputer Modeling and Simulation of Camera Defocus,\u201d Vol. 1822,Proceedings of SPIE conference, OE\/TECHNOLOGY '92, Boston, Nov. 1992, pp. 110\u2013120."},{"key":"BF02028349_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Subbarao and G. Natarajan, \u201cDepth Recovery from Blurred Edges,\u201dProceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Ann Arbor, Michigan, pp. 498\u2013503, June 1988.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.1988.196281"},{"key":"BF02028349_CR26","unstructured":"M. Subbarao and A. Nikzad, \u201cA Model for Image Sensing and Digitization in Machine Vision,\u201d OE\/BOSTON90, SPIE conference, Boston, Nov. 1990, Vol. 1385, pp. 70\u201384."},{"key":"BF02028349_CR27","unstructured":"M. Subbarao and G. Surya, \u201cApplication of Spatial-Domain Convolution\/Deconvolution Transform for Determining Distance from Image Defocus,\u201d Vol. 1822, Proceedings of SPIE conference, OE\/TECHNOLOGY'92, Boston, Nov. 1992, pp. 159\u2013167."},{"key":"BF02028349_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Subbarao and T. Wei, \u201cDepth from Defocus and Rapid Autofocusing : A Practical Approach,\u201dProceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Champaign, Illinois, June 1992.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.1992.223176"},{"key":"BF02028349_CR29","unstructured":"J.M. Tenenbaum,Accommodation in Computer Vision, Ph.D. Dissertation, Stanford University, Nov. 1970."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Computer Vision"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF02028349.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF02028349\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF02028349","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,8]],"date-time":"2020-04-08T23:44:55Z","timestamp":1586389495000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/BF02028349"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,12]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,12]]}},"alternative-id":["BF02028349"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf02028349","relation":{},"ISSN":["0920-5691","1573-1405"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0920-5691","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-1405","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,12]]}}}