{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T21:52:33Z","timestamp":1767649953065},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1983,5,1]],"date-time":"1983-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":420595200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Scientometrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1983,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/bf02095626","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,12]],"date-time":"2005-09-12T10:50:02Z","timestamp":1126522202000},"page":"163-175","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Institutional sectors of \u2018mainstream\u2019 science production in Subsaharan Africa, 1970\u20131979: A quantitative analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"C. H.","family":"Davis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"BF02095626_CR1","unstructured":"For instance, E. G. KOVACH, Country Trends in Scientific Productivity,Who Is Publishing In Science 1978, 33\u201340; J. D. FRAME, Francis NARIN and M. P. CARPENTER, The Distribution of World Science,Social Studies of Science 7 (1977) 501\u2013516; I. ADAMSON, The Size of Science in Old Nigerian Universities,Scientometrics 3 (1981) 317\u2013324; and Y. RABKINet al, Citation Visibility of Africa's Science,Social Studies of Science 9 (1979) 499\u2013506."},{"key":"BF02095626_CR2","unstructured":"These countries, in descending order of scientific \u2018size\u2019, are Nigeria, Kenya, Ghana, Uganda, Zambia, Tanzania, Ivory Coast, Senegal, Ethiopia, Cameroon, Zaire, Malagasy Republic, Sierra Leone, Malawi, Botswana, Chad, Lesotho, Upper Volta, Mozambique, the Gambia, Togo, Mauritius, Congo, Liberia, Mali, Benin, Rwanda, Central African Republic, Niger, Gabon, Swaziland, Angola, Mauritania, Somalia, Burundi, and Guinea."},{"key":"BF02095626_CR3","unstructured":"For purposes of classification of institutions the following texts were helpful:The World of Learning Europa, London, 1978; Mary and Chen CHIMUTENGWENDE, Eds,Guide to World Science, v. 19: Central Africa, Hodgson, Britain, 1975; and UNESCO,National Science Policies in Africa Paris, UNESCO, 1974."},{"key":"BF02095626_CR4","unstructured":"Self-citations were eliminated from the population of citing authors."},{"key":"BF02095626_CR5","unstructured":"This definition is taken from FRAME et al, op. cit. J. D. FRAME, Francis NARIN and M. P. CARPENTER, The Distribution of World Science,Social Studies of Science 7 (1977) 502."},{"key":"BF02095626_CR6","first-page":"31","volume":"27","author":"S. M. Lawani","year":"1977","unstructured":"S. M. LAWANI, Citation Analysis and the Quality of Scientific Productivity,Bioscience 27 (1977) 31.","journal-title":"Bioscience"},{"key":"BF02095626_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. E. WOOLSTON, Information in the Service of Development, paper presented at the Symposium on Science and Technology in Development Planning, Mexico, 1979.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-025227-8.50013-3"},{"key":"BF02095626_CR8","first-page":"41","volume":"17","author":"W. O. Aiyepeku","year":"1975","unstructured":"W. O. AIYEPEKU, The Periodical Literature Component of Social Science Research in Ibadan,Nigerian Journal of Economic and Social Studies, 17 (1975) 41\u201359.","journal-title":"Nigerian Journal of Economic and Social Studies"},{"key":"BF02095626_CR9","unstructured":"Jean-Louis BOURSIN, Le Fran\u00e7ais, Langue Scientifique, inJournal Officiel de la R\u00e9publique Francaise, Document de l'Assembl\u00e9e Nationale No. 2311, 1981, 285. My translation."},{"key":"BF02095626_CR10","unstructured":"The sectoral distribution of \u2018mainstream\u2019 authors in aggregate Subsaharan Africa is not radically different from the distribution in Qu\u00e9bec. In both cases from two-thirds to three-quarters of all \u2018mainstream\u2019 scientific authors are in universities, from one-sixth to one-fourth are in the public sector, and two or three percent are affiliated with commercial organizations. The principle difference in sectoral distribution of \u2018mainstream\u2019 authors is that in Africa, at least one-seventh of all authors belong to international organizations, whereas this sector hardly exists in Qu\u00e9bec."},{"key":"BF02095626_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02021863","volume":"3","author":"D. Solla price de","year":"1981","unstructured":"For a presentation and discussion of this methodology see D. de SOLLA PRICE, The Analysis of Scientometric Matrices for Policy Implications,Scientometrics 3 (1981) 47\u201354.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"BF02095626_CR12","unstructured":"This residual category accounted for about three percent of the population of publications."},{"key":"BF02095626_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1038\/279182a0","volume":"279","author":"J. Hanlon","year":"1979","unstructured":"For a description of how an adverse economic environment has affected research in one African state, see J. HANLON, Ghana: Science Hangs on Amid Chaos,Nature 279 (17 May 1979) 182\u2013184.","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Scientometrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF02095626.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF02095626\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF02095626","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,14]],"date-time":"2019-05-14T10:22:37Z","timestamp":1557829357000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/BF02095626"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1983,5]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1983,5]]}},"alternative-id":["BF02095626"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf02095626","relation":{},"ISSN":["0138-9130","1588-2861"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0138-9130","type":"print"},{"value":"1588-2861","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1983,5]]}}}