{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T13:55:57Z","timestamp":1770990957883,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1983,1,1]],"date-time":"1983-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":410227200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Scientometrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1983,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/bf02097178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,12]],"date-time":"2005-09-12T16:18:14Z","timestamp":1126541894000},"page":"59-73","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Statistical reliability of comparisons based on the citation impact of scientific publications"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Schubert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Gl\u00e4nzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"BF02097178_CR1","volume-title":"Essays of an Information Scientist","author":"E. Garfield","year":"1977\u20131981","unstructured":"E. GARFIELD,Essays of an Information Scientist, Vols. 1\u20134, ISI Press, Philadelphia, 1977\u20131981."},{"key":"BF02097178_CR2","volume-title":"Evaluative Bibliometrics. The Use of Publication and Citation Analysis in the Evaluation of Scientific Activity","author":"F. Narin","year":"1976","unstructured":"F. NARIN, Evaluative Bibliometrics. The Use of Publication and Citation Analysis in the Evaluation of Scientific Activity, Computer Horizons Inc., Report No. 704 R, Washington, D.C., 1976."},{"key":"BF02097178_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1177\/030631277600600204","volume":"6","author":"D. Dieks","year":"1976","unstructured":"D. DIEKS, H. CHANG, Differences in Impact of Scientific Publications: Some Indices Derived from a Citation Analysis,Social Studies of Science, 6 (1976) 247\u2013267.","journal-title":"Social Studies of Science"},{"key":"BF02097178_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.4630320102","volume":"32","author":"N. L. Geller","year":"1981","unstructured":"N. L. GELLER, J. S. de CANI, R. E. DAVIES, Lifetime-Citation Rates: A Mathematical Model to Compare Scientists' Work,J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci., 32 (1981) 3\u201315.","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"BF02097178_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1126\/science.178.4060.471","volume":"178","author":"E. Garfield","year":"1972","unstructured":"E. GARFIELD, Citation Analysis as a Tool in Journal Evaluation,Science, 178 (1972) 471\u2013479.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF02097178_CR6","volume-title":"Journal Citation Reports, 1980.A Bibliometric Analysis of Science Journals in the ISI Data Base","year":"1981","unstructured":"E. GARFIELD (Ed.),Journal Citation Reports, 1980.A Bibliometric Analysis of Science Journals in the ISI Data Base, ISI Press, Philadelphia, 1981."},{"key":"BF02097178_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.4630320303","volume":"32","author":"I. Asai","year":"1981","unstructured":"I. ASAI, Adjusted Age Distribution and Its Application to Impact Factor and Immediacy Index,J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. 32 (1981) 172\u2013174.","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"BF02097178_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02101667","volume":"3","author":"V.I. Yanovsky","year":"1981","unstructured":"V.I. YANOVSKY, Citation Analysis Significance of Scientific Journals,Scientometrics, 3 (1981) 223\u2013233.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"BF02097178_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.5962\/p.352367","volume":"95","author":"R. Taylor","year":"1981","unstructured":"R. TAYLOR, Is the Impact Factor a Meaninguful Index for the Ranking of Scientific Research Journals?Canadian Field-Naturalist, 95 (1981) 236\u2013240.","journal-title":"Canadian Field-Naturalist"},{"key":"BF02097178_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1038\/264609a0","volume":"264","author":"E. Garfield","year":"1976","unstructured":"E. GARFIELD, Significant Journals of Science,Nature, 264 (1976) 609\u2013615.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BF02097178_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.4630290107","volume":"29","author":"A. E. Cawkell","year":"1978","unstructured":"A. E. CAWKELL, Evaluating Scientific Journals with Journal Citation Reports\u2014A Case Study in Acoustics,J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci., 29 (1978) 41\u201346.","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"BF02097178_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.33.5.520","volume":"33","author":"J. P. Rushton","year":"1978","unstructured":"J. P. RUSHTON, H. L. III. ROEDIGER, An Evaluation of 80 Psychology Journals Based on the Science Citation Index,Am. Psychologist, 33 (1978) 520\u2013523.","journal-title":"Am. Psychologist"},{"key":"BF02097178_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.3102\/00028312018004399","volume":"18","author":"J. C. Smart","year":"1981","unstructured":"J. C. SMART, C. F. ELTON, Structural Characteristics and Citation Rates of Education Journals,Am. Educ. Res. J., 18 (1981) 399\u2013413.","journal-title":"Am. Educ. Res. J."},{"key":"BF02097178_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02017575","volume":"3","author":"A. Schubert","year":"1981","unstructured":"A. SCHUBERT, T. BRAUN, Some Scientometric Measures of Publishing Performance for 85 Hungarian Research Institutes,Scientometrics, 3 (1981) 379\u2013388.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"BF02097178_CR15","volume-title":"Indicators of Scientific Publication Activity","author":"A. Schubert","year":"1982","unstructured":"A. SCHUBERT, S. ZSINDELY, W. GL\u00c4NZEL, T. BRAUN,Indicators of Scientific Publication Activity (in Hungarian), Libr. Hung. Acad. Sci., Budapest, 1982."},{"key":"BF02097178_CR16","unstructured":"W. GL\u00c4NZEL, Doctoral Thesis, L. E\u00f6tv\u00f6s University, Budapest, 1982. The main results will be published in the near future."},{"key":"BF02097178_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1177\/030631278001000203","volume":"10","author":"P. D. Allison","year":"1980","unstructured":"P. D. ALLISON, Inequality and Scientific Productivity,Social Study of Science, 10 (1980) 163\u2013179.","journal-title":"Social Study of Science"},{"key":"BF02097178_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.4630310208","volume":"31","author":"I. K. R. Rao","year":"1980","unstructured":"I. K. R. RAO, The Distribution of Scientific Productivity and Social Change,J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci., 31 (1980) 111\u2013121.","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"BF02097178_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02016598","volume":"2","author":"J. E. Cohen","year":"1980","unstructured":"J. E. COHEN, Publication Rate as a Function of Laboratory Size in a Biomedical Research Institution,Scientometrics, 2 (1980) 35\u201352.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"BF02097178_CR20","volume-title":"Mathematische Statistik","author":"B. L. Waerden Van der","year":"1957","unstructured":"B. L. VAN DER WAERDEN,Mathematische Statistik, Springer, Berlin-G\u00f6ttingen-Heidelberg, 1957."},{"key":"BF02097178_CR21","volume-title":"Distributions in Statistics. Discrete Distributions","author":"N. L. Johnson","year":"1969","unstructured":"N. L. JOHNSON, S. KOTZ,Distributions in Statistics. Discrete Distributions, Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, 1969."},{"key":"BF02097178_CR22","volume-title":"An Introduction to the Theory of Statistics","author":"G. Udny Yule","year":"1950","unstructured":"G. UDNY YULE, M. G. KENDALL,An Introduction to the Theory of Statistics, Hafner Publishing Co., New York, 1950."},{"key":"BF02097178_CR23","unstructured":"Science Citation Index 1980 Guide & List of Source Publications, Institute for Scientific Information, Inc., Philadelphia, 1981."},{"key":"BF02097178_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.4630280610","volume":"28","author":"R. C. Coile","year":"1977","unstructured":"R. C. COILE, Lotka's Frequency Distribution of Scientific Productivity,J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci., 28 (1977) 366.","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"BF02097178_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02098003","volume":"4","author":"S. D. Haitun","year":"1982","unstructured":"S. D. HAITUN, Stationary Scientometric Distributions, Part I. Different Approximations,Scientometrics, 4 (1982) 5\u201325. Part II. Non-Gaussian Nature of Scientific Activity,Scientometrics, 4 (1982) 89\u2013104. Part III. The Role of the Zipf Distribution,Scientometrics, 4 (1982) 181\u2013194.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"}],"container-title":["Scientometrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF02097178.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF02097178\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF02097178","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,4]],"date-time":"2025-01-04T01:07:27Z","timestamp":1735952847000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/BF02097178"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1983,1]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1983,1]]}},"alternative-id":["BF02097178"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf02097178","relation":{},"ISSN":["0138-9130","1588-2861"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0138-9130","type":"print"},{"value":"1588-2861","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1983,1]]}}}