{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T23:29:11Z","timestamp":1778628551389,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,1]],"date-time":"2005-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1122854400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Med. Biol. Eng. Comput."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/bf02344723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,15]],"date-time":"2006-03-15T11:57:12Z","timestamp":1142423832000},"page":"436-442","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Fractal characterisation of boundary irregularity in skin pigmented lesions"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Piantanelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Maponi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Scalise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Serresi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Cialabrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Basso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"BF02344723_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.134.12.1563","volume":"134","author":"G. Argenziano","year":"1998","unstructured":"Argenziano, G., Fabbrocini, G., Carli, P., de Giorgi, V., Sammarco, E., andDelfino, M. (1998): \u2018Epiluminescence microscopy for the diagnosis of doubtful melanocytic skin lesions. Comparison of the ABCD rule of dermatoscopy and a new 7-point checklist based on pattern analysis\u2019,Arch. Dermatol.,134, pp. 1563\u20131570","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"BF02344723_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2003.281","volume":"48","author":"G. Argenziano","year":"2003","unstructured":"Argenziano, G.,et al. (2003): \u2018Dermoscopy of pigmented skin lesions: Results of a consensus meeting via the Internet\u2019,J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.,48, pp. 679\u2013693","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"BF02344723_CR3","first-page":"3683","volume":"60","author":"J. W. Baish","year":"2000","unstructured":"Baish, J. W., andJain, R. K. (2000): \u2018Fractals and cancer\u2019,Cancer Res.,60, pp. 3683\u20133688","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"BF02344723_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-0348-8501-0_15","volume-title":"Fractals in biology and medicine","author":"G. Baumann","year":"1994","unstructured":"Baumann, G., Barth, A., andNonnenmacher, T. F. (1994): \u2018Measuring fractal dimensions of cell contours: practical approaches and their limitations\u2019, inNonnenmacher, T.F., Losa, G.A., andWeibel, E.R. (Eds): \u2018Fractals in biology and medicine\u2019 (Birkhauser-Verlag Press, Basel, 1994), pp. 182\u2013189."},{"key":"BF02344723_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2001.0993","volume":"357","author":"J. H. Brown","year":"2002","unstructured":"Brown, J. H., Gupta, V. K., Li, B. L., Milne, B. T., Restrepo, C., andWest, G. B. (2002): \u2018The fractal nature of nature: power laws, ecological complexity and biodiversity\u2019,Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci.,357, pp. 619\u2013626","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"BF02344723_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/0141-5425(92)90057-R","volume":"14","author":"E. Claridge","year":"1992","unstructured":"Claridge, E., Hall, P. N., Keefe, M., andAllen, J. P. (1992): \u2018Shape analysis for classification of malignant melanoma\u2019,J. Biomed. Eng.,14, pp. 229\u2013234.","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"BF02344723_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1711660414","volume":"166","author":"S. S. Cross","year":"1992","unstructured":"Cross, S. S., andCotton, D. W. K. (1992): \u2018The fractal dimension may be a useful morphometric discriminant in histopatholy\u2019,J. Pathol.,166, pp. 409\u2013411","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"BF02344723_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-199508000-00012","volume":"17","author":"S. S. Cross","year":"1995","unstructured":"Cross, S. S., McDonagh, A. J. G., Stephenson, T. J., Cotton, D. W. K., andUnderwood, J. C. E. (1995): \u2018Fractal and integer-dimensional geometric analysis of pigmented skin lesions\u2019,Am. J. Dermatopathol.,17, pp. 374\u2013378","journal-title":"Am. J. Dermatopathol."},{"key":"BF02344723_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9896(199705)182:1<1::AID-PATH808>3.0.CO;2-B","volume":"182","author":"S. S. Cross","year":"1997","unstructured":"Cross, S. S. (1997): \u2018Fractals in pathology\u2019,J. Pathol.,182, pp. 1\u20138","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"BF02344723_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(01)00266-4","volume":"23","author":"A. L. Goldberger","year":"2002","unstructured":"Goldberger, A. L., Peng, C. K., andLipsitz, L. A. (2002): \u2018What is physiologic complexity and how does it change with aging and disease?\u2019,Neurobiol. Aging,23, pp. 23\u201326","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"BF02344723_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2003.815901","volume":"22","author":"C. Grana","year":"2003","unstructured":"Grana, C., Pellacani, G., Cucchiara, R., andSeidenari, S. (2003): \u2018A new algorithm for border description of polarized light surface microscopic images of pigmented skin lesions\u2019,IEEE Trans. Med. Imag.,22, pp. 959\u2013964","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Med. Imag."},{"key":"BF02344723_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1993.01680230041005","volume":"129","author":"R. O. Kenet","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kenet, R. O., Kang, S., Kenet, B. J., Fitzpatrick, T. B., Sober, A. J., andBarnhill, R. L. (1993): \u2018Clinical diagnosis of pigmented lesions using digital epiluminescence microscopy\u2019,Arch. Dermatol.,129, pp. 157\u2013174","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"BF02344723_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19870315)59:6<1236::AID-CNCR2820590634>3.0.CO;2-I","volume":"59","author":"A. W. Kopf","year":"1987","unstructured":"Kopf, A. W., Gross, D. F., Rogers, G. S., Rigel, D. S., Hellman, L. J., Levenstein, M., Welkovich, B., Friedman, R. J., Roses, D. F., andBart, R. S. (1987): \u2018Prognostic index for malignant melanoma\u2019,Cancer,59, pp. 1236\u20131241","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"BF02344723_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.3109\/02713689308999492","volume":"12","author":"G. Landini","year":"1993","unstructured":"Landini, G., Misson, G. P., andMurray, P. I. (1993): \u2018Fractal analysis of the normal human retinal fluorescein angiogram\u2019,Curr. Eye Res.,12, pp. 23\u201327","journal-title":"Curr. Eye Res."},{"key":"BF02344723_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-0348-8936-0_21","volume-title":"Fractals in biology and medicine","author":"G. Landini","year":"1998","unstructured":"Landini, G. (1998): \u2018Complexity in tumour growth patterns\u2019, inLosa, G. A., Merlini, D., Nonnenmacher, T. F., andWeibel, E. R. (Eds): \u2018Fractals in biology and medicine\u2019 (Birkhauser-Verlag Press, Basel, 1998), pp. 268\u2013283"},{"key":"BF02344723_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S1361-8415(02)00090-7","volume":"7","author":"T. K. Lee","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lee, T. K., McLean, D. I., andAtkins, M. S. (2003): \u2018Irregularity index: a new border irregularity measure for cutaneous melanocytic lesions\u2019,Med. Image Anal.,7, pp. 47\u201364","journal-title":"Med. Image Anal."},{"key":"BF02344723_CR17","unstructured":"Libertini, G., Cesini, G., Paroncini, M., andCodagnone, G. (1997): \u2018Evaluation and realization of the lighting conditions for early diagnosis of melanoma\u2019.Proc. LUX Europa, 8th European Lighting Conf., 11\u201314 May, Amsterdam"},{"key":"BF02344723_CR18","first-page":"310","volume":"87","author":"G. A. Losa","year":"1995","unstructured":"Losa, G. A. (1995): \u2018Fractals in pathology: are they really useful?\u2019,Pathologica,87, pp. 310\u2013317","journal-title":"Pathologica"},{"key":"BF02344723_CR19","first-page":"174","volume":"9","author":"G. A. Losa","year":"1996","unstructured":"Losa, G. A., andNonnenmacher, T. F. (1996): \u2018Self-similarity and fractal irregularity in pathologic tissues\u2019,Mod. Pathol.,9, pp. 174\u2013182","journal-title":"Mod. Pathol."},{"key":"BF02344723_CR20","first-page":"239","volume":"95","author":"G. A. Losa","year":"2002","unstructured":"Losa, G. A. (2002): \u2018Fractal morphometry of cell complexity\u2019,Riv. Biol.,95, pp. 239\u2013258","journal-title":"Riv. Biol."},{"key":"BF02344723_CR21","volume-title":"The fractal geometry of nature","author":"B. B. Mandelbrot","year":"1983","unstructured":"Mandelbrot, B. B. (1983): \u2018The fractal geometry of nature\u2019 (W.H Freeman, and Co, San Francisco, 1983)"},{"key":"BF02344723_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-0348-8936-0_22","volume-title":"Fractals in biology and medicine","author":"C. Miracco","year":"1998","unstructured":"Miracco, C., Bianciardi, G., Perrone, A., Bruni, A., Lazzi, S., andLuzi, P. (1998): \u2018Fractal dimension of epithelial-connective tissue interface in basal cell carcinoma of the skin\u2019 inLosa, G. A., Merlini, D., Nonnenmacher, T. F., andWeibel, E. R. (Eds): \u2018Fractals in biology and medicine\u2019 (Birkhauser-Verlag Press, Basel, 1998), pp. 284\u2013293"},{"key":"BF02344723_CR23","first-page":"57","volume":"74","author":"A. Piantanelli","year":"1998","unstructured":"Piantanelli, A., Libertini, G., Rossolini, G., Basso, A., Bertoni-Freddari, C., andPiantanelli, L. (1998): \u2018Measuring fractal dimension in biology and medicine: analysis of image contour\u2019,J. Biol. Res.,74, pp. 57\u201360","journal-title":"J. Biol. Res."},{"key":"BF02344723_CR24","first-page":"341","volume":"93","author":"A. Piantanelli","year":"2000","unstructured":"Piantanelli, A., Serresi, S., Giacchetti, A., Libertini, G., Ricotti, G., Rossolini, G., Zaia, A., Basso, A., andPiantanelli, L. (2000): \u2018Estimation of image contour fractal dimension of human pigmented skin lesions\u2019,Riv. Biol.,93, pp. 341\u2013343","journal-title":"Riv. Biol."},{"key":"BF02344723_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1016\/S0047-6374(01)00271-8","volume":"122","author":"L. Piantanelli","year":"2001","unstructured":"Piantanelli, L., Rossolini, G., Basso, A., Piantanelli, A., Malavolta, M., andZaia, A. (2001): \u2018Use of mathematical models of survivorship in the study of biomarkers of aging: the role of heterogeneity\u2019,Mech. Ageing Dev.,122, pp. 1461\u20131475","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing Dev."},{"key":"BF02344723_CR26","first-page":"94","volume":"3","author":"A. Piantanelli","year":"2002","unstructured":"Piantanelli, A., Zaia, A., Serresi, S., Pasquali, C., Ricotti, G., Rossolini, G., Balietti, M., Basso, A., andMurri, R. (2002a): \u2018Fractal dimension as a parameter for measuring complexity: an application on skin pigmented lesion images\u2019. Proc. 3rd European Congress of Biogerontology,Biogerontology,3, pp. 94\u201395","journal-title":"Proc. 3rd European Congress of Biogerontology, Biogerontology"},{"key":"BF02344723_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-0348-8119-7_14","volume-title":"Fractals in Biology and Medicine","author":"A. Piantanelli","year":"2002","unstructured":"Piantanelli, A., Serresi, S., Ricotti, G., Rossolini, G., Zaia, A., Basso, A., andPiantanelli, L. (2002b): \u2018Color-based method for fractal dimension estimation of pigmented skin lesion contour\u2019, inLosa, G. A., Merlini, D., Nonnenmacher, T. F. andWeibel, E. R. (Eds): \u2018Fractals in Biology and Medicine\u2019 (Birkhauser-Verlag Press, Basel, 2002), pp. 127\u2013136"},{"key":"BF02344723_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1258\/1357633001935202","volume":"6","author":"D. Piccolo","year":"2000","unstructured":"Piccolo, D., Smolle, J., Argenziano, G., Wolf, I. H., Braun, R., Cerroni, L., Ferrari, A., Hofmann-Wellenhof, R., Kenet, R. O., Magrini, F., Mazzocchetti, G., Pizzichetta, M. A., Schaeppi, H., Stolz, W., Tanaka, M., Kerl, H., Chimenti, S., andSoyer, H. P. (2000): \u2018Teledermoscopy results of a multicentre study on 43 pigmented skin lesions\u2019,J. Telemed. Telecare,6, pp. 132\u2013137","journal-title":"J. Telemed. Telecare"},{"key":"BF02344723_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2002.04978.x","volume":"147","author":"D. Piccolo","year":"2002","unstructured":"Piccolo, D., Ferrari, A., Peris, K., Diadone, R., Ruggeri, B., andChimenti, S. (2002): \u2018Dermoscopic diagnosis by a trained clinician vs. a clinician with minimal dermoscopy training vs. computeraided diagnosis of 341 pigmented skin lesions: a comparative study\u2019,Br. J. Dermatol.,147, pp. 481\u2013486","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"BF02344723_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.1999.5516","volume":"75","author":"R. Sedivy","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sedivy, R., Windischberger, C. H., Svozil, K., Moser, E., andBreitenecker, G. (1999): \u2018Fractal analysis: an objective method for identifying a typical nuclei in dysplastic lesions of the cervix uteri\u2019,Gynecol. Oncol.,75, pp. 78\u201383","journal-title":"Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"BF02344723_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.1995.tb00042.x","volume":"1","author":"S. Seidenari","year":"1995","unstructured":"Seidenari, S., Burroni, M., Dell'eva, G., Pepe, P., andBelletti, B. (1995): \u2018Computerized evaluation of pigmented skin lesion images recorded by a videomicroscope: comparison between polarizing mode observation and oil\/slide mode observation\u2019,Skin Res. Technol.,1, pp. 187\u2013191","journal-title":"Skin Res. Technol."},{"key":"BF02344723_CR32","first-page":"270","volume":"11","author":"HP. Soyer","year":"2001","unstructured":"Soyer, HP., Argenziano, G., Chimenti, S., andRuocco, V. (2001): \u2018Dermoscopy of pigmented skin lesions\u2019,Eur. J. Dermatol.,11, pp. 270\u2013277","journal-title":"Eur. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"BF02344723_CR33","first-page":"521","volume":"4","author":"W. Stolz","year":"1994","unstructured":"Stolz, W., Riemann, A., Cognetta, A. B.,et al. (1994): \u2018ABCD rule of dermatoscopy: a new practical method for early recognition of malignant melanoma\u2019,Eur. J. Dermatol.,4, pp. 521\u2013527","journal-title":"Eur. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"BF02344723_CR34","volume-title":"Color atlas of dermatoscopy","author":"W. Stolz","year":"2002","unstructured":"Stolz, W., Braun-Falco, O., Bilek, P., Landthaler, M., Burgdorf, W. H. C., andCognetta, A. B. (2002): \u2018Color atlas of dermatoscopy\u2019 (Blackwell Publishing, Berlin, 2002)"},{"key":"BF02344723_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1711770115","volume":"177","author":"M. J. Vilela","year":"1995","unstructured":"Vilela, M. J., Martins, M. L., andBoschetti, S. R. (1995): \u2018Fractal patterns for cells in culture\u2019,J. Pathol.,177, pp. 103\u2013107","journal-title":"J. Pathol."}],"container-title":["Medical &amp; Biological Engineering &amp; Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF02344723.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF02344723\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF02344723","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,15]],"date-time":"2019-05-15T21:27:42Z","timestamp":1557955662000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/BF02344723"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]}},"alternative-id":["BF02344723"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf02344723","relation":{},"ISSN":["0140-0118","1741-0444"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0140-0118","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-0444","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]}}}