{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,2]],"date-time":"2022-04-02T22:28:58Z","timestamp":1648938538522},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1980,12,1]],"date-time":"1980-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":344476800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Comput Hum"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1980,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/bf02404432","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,11]],"date-time":"2006-05-11T15:06:02Z","timestamp":1147359962000},"page":"231-239","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The making of a masterpiece: Stephan Crane's the red badge of courage"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Dorothy Margaret","family":"Guinn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"BF02404432_CR1","unstructured":"\u201cA Computer Assisted Analysis of Stephen Crane's Grammatical Style,\u201d Dissertation, University of Southern California, 1978."},{"key":"BF02404432_CR2","unstructured":"Since it is best to keep passages for analysis and comparison as much alike as possible in order to reduce the variables and make stylistic study meaningful, only narrative-descriptive passages were chosen. Dialogue and introductory or subsequent utterances related to dialogue, even if more than the minimal \u201che said,\u201d were omitted; for example, from \u201c\u2018Ah, what deh hell,\u2019 he said, and smote the deeply-engaged one on the back of the head\u201d (fromMaggie) nothing would be included. While narration and description are two distinct modes, in fiction one can rarely find a pure passage of either mode extending for any length. Narration intrudes into description or vice versa. The attempt with Crane was to select passages that went on for a bit without dialogue interruptions, starting from the beginning of the text under consideration until a sufficient data sample was selected. The works in the larger study, writing date, and word count of passages are: (1) The \u201cSullivan County Sketches\u201d (mostly April and May 1892). From those narratives as a group which involve the \u201clittle man\u201d as central character: \u201cFour Men in a Cave,\u201d \u201cThe Octopush,\u201d \u201cA Ghoul's Accountant,\u201d \u201cThe Black Dog,\u201d \u201cKilling His Bear,\u201d \u201cThe Cry of Huckleberry Pudding,\u201d \u201cThe Mesmeric Mountain\u201d: 3678 words. (2)Maggie: A Girl of the Streets (finished January 1893): 5022 words. (3)The Red Badge of Courage (draft, 1894): 1853 words. (4)The Red Badge of Courage (manuscript, 1894): 6780 words. (5) \u201cThe Wise Men,\u201d \u201cThe Five White Mice,\u201d \u201cA Man and Some Others\u201d (late spring or early summer 1896): 5269 words. (6) \u201cThe Open Boat (February 1897), \u201cThe Monster\u201d (September 1897), \u201cThe Blue Hotel\u201d (December 1897): 5727 words. (7) \u201cThe Price of the Harness\u201d (September 1898) and \u201cThe Clan of No-Name\u201d (October 1898): 4862 words. (8)The O'Ruddy (completed through Chapter XXV when Crane died in June 1900): 6616 words. Groups 1 through 4 constitute what I call Crane's first stage, 5 through 7 his middle stage, and 8 his last stage."},{"key":"BF02404432_CR3","unstructured":"The Red Badge of Courage: A Facsimile Edition of the Manuscript, ed. Fredson Bowers (Washington, D.C.: NCR Microcard Editions, 1972 and 1973). This is the edition used for the data in this study."},{"key":"BF02404432_CR4","unstructured":"The data from the holograph facsimile of the draft come from pp. 204\u2013205; p. 208, l. 15\u2013p. 210; p. 214; p. 222 from l. 18; pp. 232\u2013234, l. 6. The corresponding holograph facsimile manuscript passages come from pp. 6\u20138; pp. 11\u201315; pp. 19\u201320, l. 10; p. 46, ll. 15\u201326; p. 60, l. 23\u2013p. 64, l. 5. See Appendix A for a comparable draft and manuscript passage. References to the manuscript and draft appear in the text hereafter with page numbers in parentheses."},{"key":"BF02404432_CR5","unstructured":"HAWKEYE is an updated and improved version of the computer program EYEBALL formulated by Donald Ross, Jr., and Robert Rasche in 1960 and outlined by Ross in \u201cBeyond the Concordance: Algorithms for Description of English Clauses and Phrases,\u201dThe Computer and Literary Studies, ed. A.J. Aitken, R.W. Bailey, and N. Hamilton-Smith (Edinburgh: The University of Edinburgh Press, 1973) pp. 85\u201399. Professor Robert Dilligan and Lucy Hawk of the University of Southern California are responsible for the refinements in HAWKEYE."},{"key":"BF02404432_CR6","first-page":"109","volume-title":"Stephen Crane: Letters","year":"1960","unstructured":"See two letters addressed to John Northern Hilliard in January [1896?] and [1897?] in which Crane states what to him is \u201cgood writing,\u201d in:Stephen Crane: Letters, ed. R.W. Stallman and Lillian Gilkes (New York: New York University Press, 1960) pp. 109 and 158."},{"key":"BF02404432_CR7","volume-title":"A First Language: The Early Stages","author":"Roger Brown","year":"1978","unstructured":"The literature on this subject is vast. Noam Chomsky's work is basic and has been the catalyst for extensive research, both in support of and in opposition to his theories. Roger Brown'sA First Language: The Early Stages (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1978) is but one example."},{"key":"BF02404432_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"I adopt W. Ross Winterowd's term from \u201cThe Grammar of Coherence,\u201dCollege English (May 1970) 828\u2013835.","DOI":"10.2307\/374228"},{"key":"BF02404432_CR9","first-page":"IV","volume-title":"The Works of Stephen Crane","author":"Stephen Crane","year":"1969","unstructured":"Stephen Crane,The Works of Stephen Crane, ed. Fredson Bowers (Charlottesville: The University Press of Virginia, 1969) IV, 59\u201360."},{"key":"BF02404432_CR10","unstructured":"Free modifiers, a special and more sophisticated means of expanding base sentences, were first described and discussed by Francis Christense, beginning with \u201cIn Defense of the Absolute,\u201d inCollege English, May 1950, through \u201cA Generative Rhetoric of the Paragraph,\u201d inCollege Composition and Communication, October 1965, for a total of six essays. All are reprinted with an introductory preface inNotes Toward A New Rhetoric, 2nd ed. (New York: Harper and Row, 1978)."},{"key":"BF02404432_CR11","first-page":"45","volume-title":"My Stephen Crane","year":"1958","unstructured":"InMy Stephen Crane, ed. with an Introduction by Edwin H. Cady (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1958) p. 45."},{"key":"BF02404432_CR12","unstructured":"Normal word order would call for something like \u201cReeling from exhaustion, he himself was not astonished,\u201d but one wonders about the need for and effectiveness of the intensive pronoun."}],"container-title":["Computers and the Humanities"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF02404432.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF02404432\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF02404432","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,17]],"date-time":"2019-05-17T08:56:55Z","timestamp":1558083415000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/BF02404432"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1980,12]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1980,12]]}},"alternative-id":["BF02404432"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf02404432","relation":{},"ISSN":["0010-4817","1572-8412"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0010-4817","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-8412","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1980,12]]}}}