{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T03:33:58Z","timestamp":1792380838613,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,3,1]],"date-time":"2000-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":951868800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,3,1]],"date-time":"2000-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":951868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/bf02756186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,4]],"date-time":"2008-06-04T14:31:17Z","timestamp":1212589877000},"page":"129-138","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Nannobacteria"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"M. B.","family":"Vainshtein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. B.","family":"Kudryashova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"BF02756186_CR1","volume-title":"Stroenie bakterii","author":"B.V. Gromov","year":"1985","unstructured":"Gromov, B.V.,Stroenie bakterii (Structure of Bacteria), Leningrad: Len. Gos. Univ., 1985."},{"key":"BF02756186_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.41.2.518-527.1981","volume":"41","author":"F. Torrella","year":"1981","unstructured":"Torrella, F. and Monta, R.Y., Microcultural Study of Bacterial Size Changes and Microcolony and Ultramicrocolony Formation by Heterotrophic Bacteria in Seawater,Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 1981, vol. 41, pp. 518\u2013527.","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"BF02756186_CR3","volume-title":"Populyarnyi biologicheskii slovar\u2019","author":"N.F. Reimers","year":"1991","unstructured":"Reimers, N.F.,Populyarnyi biologicheskii slovar\u2019 (Popular Biological Dictionary), Moscow: Nauka, 1991."},{"key":"BF02756186_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.111.1.298-300.1972","volume":"112","author":"N.H. Mendelson","year":"1972","unstructured":"Mendelson, N.H., Asymmetrical Cell Division and Production of Deoxyribonucleic Acidless Bacteria,J. Bacteriol., 1972, vol. 112, pp. 298\u2013300.","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"BF02756186_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.114.2.860-873.1973","volume":"114","author":"J.N. Reeve","year":"1973","unstructured":"Reeve, J.N., Mendelson, N.H., Coyne, S.J., Hailock, G., and Cole, R.M., Minicells ofBacillus subtilis, J. Bacteriol., 1973, vol. 114, pp. 860\u2013873.","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"BF02756186_CR6","first-page":"181","volume-title":"Zhizn \u2019 rastenii","author":"N.A. Krasil\u2019nikov","year":"1974","unstructured":"Krasil\u2019nikov, N.A. and Duda, V.I., General Characterization of Bacteria and Actinomycetes,Zhizn \u2019 rastenii (Life of Plants), Krasil\u2019nikov, N.A. and Uranov, A.A., Eds., Moscow: Prosveshchenie, 1974, vol. 1 p. 181."},{"key":"BF02756186_CR7","first-page":"47","volume-title":"Biologicheskii entsiklopedicheskii slovar\u2019","author":"Bacteria","year":"1986","unstructured":"Bacteria,Biologicheskii entsiklopedicheskii slovar\u2019 (Biological Encyclopedic Dictionary), Gilyarov, M.S., Ed., Moscow: Sovetskaya Entsiklopediya, 1986, p. 47."},{"key":"BF02756186_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4420","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/24.22.4420","volume":"24","author":"R. Himmelreich","year":"1996","unstructured":"Himmelreich, R., Hubert, H., Plagens, H., Pirkl, E., Li, B.C., and Herrmann, R., Complete Sequence Analysis of the Genome of the BacteriumMycoplasma pneumoniae, Nucleic Acids Res., 1996, vol. 24, pp. 4420\u20134449.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"BF02756186_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10 268","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.19.10268","volume":"93","author":"A.R. Mushegian","year":"1996","unstructured":"Mushegian, A.R. and Koonin, E.V., A Minimal Gene Set for Cellular Life Derived by Comparison of Complete Bacterial Genomes,Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1996, vol. 93, pp. 10 268\u201310 273.","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BF02756186_CR10","first-page":"150","volume":"20","author":"M.C. Kahn","year":"1929","unstructured":"Kahn, M.C., A Developmental Cycle of the Tubercle Bacillus as Revealed by Single-Cell Studies,Am. Rev. Tuberc., 1929, vol. 20, pp. 150\u2013200.","journal-title":"Am. Rev. Tuberc."},{"key":"BF02756186_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-3879(30)80060-6","volume":"11","author":"M.C. Kahn","year":"1930","unstructured":"Kahn, M.C., A Growth Cycle of the Human Tubercle Bacillus as Determined by Single-Cell Studies,Tubercle, 1930, vol. 11, pp. 202\u2013217.","journal-title":"Tubercle"},{"key":"BF02756186_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700400108","volume":"40","author":"E. Klienenberger","year":"1935","unstructured":"Klienenberger, E., The Natural Occurrence of Pleuropneumonia-like Organisms, Its Apparent Symbiosis withStreptobacillus moniliformis and Other Bacteria,J. Pathol. Bacteriol., 1935, vol. 40, pp. 93\u2013105.","journal-title":"J. Pathol. Bacteriol."},{"key":"BF02756186_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-3-3-434","volume":"3","author":"E. Klienenberger-Nobel","year":"1949","unstructured":"Klienenberger-Nobel, E., Origin, Development, and Significance of L-Forms in Bacterial Cultures,J. Gen. Microbiol., 1949, vol. 3, pp. 434\u2013443.","journal-title":"J. Gen. Microbiol."},{"key":"BF02756186_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1128\/br.15.4.245-288.1951","volume":"15","author":"L. Dienes","year":"1951","unstructured":"Dienes, L. and Weinberger, H., The L-Forms of Bacteria,Bacteriol. Rev., 1951, vol. 15, pp. 245\u2013288.","journal-title":"Bacteriol. Rev."},{"key":"BF02756186_CR15","first-page":"73","volume":"15","author":"E. Klienenberger-Nobel","year":"1951","unstructured":"Klienenberger-Nobel, E., Filterable Forms of Bacteria,Bacteriol. Rev., 1951, vol. 15, pp. 73\u2013103.","journal-title":"Bacteriol. Rev."},{"key":"BF02756186_CR16","volume-title":"L-formy bakterii i semeistvo Mycoplasmataceae v patologii","author":"V.D. Timakov","year":"1973","unstructured":"Timakov, V.D. and Kagan, G.Ya.,L-formy bakterii i semeistvo Mycoplasmataceae v patologii (Bacterial L-Forms and the FamilyMycoplasmataceae), Moscow: Meditsina, 1973."},{"issue":"III","key":"BF02756186_CR17","first-page":"90","volume":"15","author":"K.K. Akerman","year":"1993","unstructured":"Akerman, K.K., Kuronen, I., and Kajander, E.O., Scanning Electron Microscopy of Nanobacteria. Novel Biofilm Producing Organisms in Blood,Scanning, 1993, vol. 15, Suppl. III, pp. 90\u201391.","journal-title":"Scanning"},{"key":"BF02756186_CR18","first-page":"420","volume":"3111","author":"E.O. Kajander","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kajander, E.O., Kuronen, I., Akerman, K., Pelttari, A., and Ciftcioglu, N., Nanobacteria from Blood, the Smallest Culturable Autonomously Replicating Agent on Earth,Proc. SPIE-Int. Soc. Opt. Eng., 1997, vol. 3111, pp. 420\u2013428.","journal-title":"Proc. SPIE-Int. Soc. Opt. Eng."},{"issue":"5291","key":"BF02756186_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1126\/science.274.5291.1288a","volume":"274","author":"R.L. Folk","year":"1996","unstructured":"Folk, R.L., In Defense of Nannobacteria,Science, 1996, vol. 274, no. 5291, p. 1288.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF02756186_CR20","unstructured":"Golden, D.C., Allen, C.C., and Gibson, E.K., The Search for Terrestrial Nanobacteria as Possible Analogs for Purported Martian Nanofossils in the Martian MeteoriteALH84001, Abstr. 28th Lunar and Plan. Conf., Houston, 1997."},{"key":"BF02756186_CR21","first-page":"112","volume":"3441","author":"R.L. Folk","year":"1998","unstructured":"Folk, R.L. and Lynch, F.L., Carbonaceous Objects Resembling Nannobacteria in the Allende Meteorite,Proc. SPIE-Int. Soc. Opt. Eng., 1998, vol. 3441, pp. 112\u2013122.","journal-title":"Proc. SPIE-Int. Soc. Opt. Eng."},{"key":"BF02756186_CR22","first-page":"95","volume":"3441","author":"M. Vainshtein","year":"1998","unstructured":"Vainshtein, M., Kudryashova, E., Suzina, N., Ariskina, E., and Voronkov, V., Formation of Bacterial Nanocells,Proc. SPIE-Int. Soc. Opt. Eng., 1998, vol. 3441, pp. 95\u2013104.","journal-title":"Proc. SPIE-Int. Soc. Opt. Eng."},{"key":"BF02756186_CR23","unstructured":"Folk, R.L., Bacteria and Nannobacteria Revealed in Hardgrounds, Calcite Cements, Native Sulfur, Sulfide Minerals, and Travertines,Proc. Geol. Soc. Amer. Annu. Meeting, 1992, p. 104."},{"key":"BF02756186_CR24","first-page":"990","volume":"63","author":"R.L. Folk","year":"1993","unstructured":"Folk, R.L., SEM Imaging of Bacteria and Nannobacteria in Carbonate Sediments and Rocks,J. Sedim. Petrol., 1993, vol. 63, pp. 990\u2013999.","journal-title":"J. Sedim. Petrol."},{"key":"BF02756186_CR25","first-page":"233","volume":"48","author":"R.L. Folk","year":"1994","unstructured":"Folk, R.L., Interaction between Bacteria, Nannobacteria, and Mineral Precipitation in Hot Springs of Central Italy,Geogr. Phys. Quat., 1994, vol. 48, pp. 233\u2013246.","journal-title":"Geogr. Phys. Quat."},{"key":"BF02756186_CR26","unstructured":"Folk, R.L., Noble, P.J., Gelato, G., and McLean, R.J.C., Precipitation of Opal-CT Lepispheres, Chalcedony, and Chert Nodules by Nannobacteria (Dwarf Bacteria),Proc. Geol. Soc. Amer. Annu. Meeting, 1995, Abstr. A-305."},{"key":"BF02756186_CR27","unstructured":"Folk, R.L., Nannobacteria: Surely Not Figments, but What under Heaven Are They?,Natural Science, 1997, vol. 1, Art. 3 (http:\/\/naturalscience.com)."},{"key":"BF02756186_CR28","first-page":"406","volume":"3111","author":"R.L. Folk","year":"1997","unstructured":"Folk, R.L. and Lynch, F.L., Nannobacteria Are Alive on Earth as Well as Mars,Proc. SPIE-Int. Soc. Opt. Eng., 1997, vol. 3111, pp. 406\u2013419.","journal-title":"Proc. SPIE-Int. Soc. Opt. Eng."},{"key":"BF02756186_CR29","first-page":"597","volume":"67","author":"R.L. Folk","year":"1997","unstructured":"Folk, R.L. and Lynch, F.L., The Possible Role of Nannobacteria (Dwarf Bacteria) in Clay Mineral Diagenesis and the Importance of Careful Sample Preparation,J. Sedim. Res., 1997, vol. 67, pp. 597\u2013603.","journal-title":"J. Sedim. Res."},{"key":"BF02756186_CR30","first-page":"378","volume":"67","author":"V. Crisogono","year":"1997","unstructured":"Crisogono, V. and McKenzie, J.A., Microbial Mediation of Modern Dolomite Precipitation and Diagenesis under Anoxic Conditions (Lagoa Vermelha, Rio De Janereiro, Brazil),Sediment. Res., 1997, vol. 67, pp. 378\u2013390.","journal-title":"Sediment. Res."},{"key":"BF02756186_CR31","first-page":"87","volume":"7","author":"R.L. Folk","year":"1998","unstructured":"Folk, R.L., Nannobacteria in the Natural Environment and in Medicine,Alpe Adria Microbiol., 1998, vol. 7, pp. 87\u201395.","journal-title":"Alpe Adria Microbiol."},{"key":"BF02756186_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1130\/0091-7613(1996)024<0763:FOACBN>2.3.CO;2","volume":"24","author":"V.A. Pedone","year":"1996","unstructured":"Pedone, V.A. and Folk, R.L., Formation of Aragonite Cement by Nannobacteria in the Great Salt Lake,Utah Geology, 1996, vol. 24, pp. 763\u2013765.","journal-title":"Utah Geology"},{"key":"BF02756186_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3091.1997.tb01525.x","volume":"44","author":"B. Jones","year":"1997","unstructured":"Jones, B. and Renaut, R.W., Formation of Silica Oncoids around Geysers and Hot Springs at El Tatio, Northern Chile,Sedimentology, 1997, vol. 44, pp. 287\u2013304.","journal-title":"Sedimentology"},{"key":"BF02756186_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1128\/am.23.3.637-648.1972","volume":"23","author":"H.C. Bae","year":"1972","unstructured":"Bae, H.C., Cota-Robles, E.H., and Casida, L.E., Jr., Microflora of Soil as Viewed by Transmission Electron Microscopy,Appl. Microbiol., 1972, vol. 23, pp. 637\u2013648.","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"BF02756186_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3913","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-143-12-3913","volume":"143","author":"J. Zhou","year":"1997","unstructured":"Zhou, J., Davey, M.E., Figueras, J.B., Rivkina, E., Gilichinsky, D., and Tiedje, J.M., Phylogenetic Diversity of a Bacterial Community Determined from Siberian Tundra Soil DNA,Microbiology, 1997, vol. 143, pp. 3913\u20133919.","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"BF02756186_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01574690","volume":"17","author":"V. Torsvik","year":"1996","unstructured":"Torsvik, V., Sorheim, R., and Goksoyr, J., Total Bacterial Diversity in Soil and Sediment Communities: A Review,J. Ind. Microbioi., 1996, vol. 17, pp. 170\u2013178.","journal-title":"J. Ind. Microbioi."},{"key":"BF02756186_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.1996.tb03277.x","volume":"81","author":"CD. Clegg","year":"1996","unstructured":"Clegg, CD., van Elsas, J.D., Anderson, J.M., and Lappin Scott, H.M., Survival of Parental and Genetically Modified Derivatives of a Soil-isolatedPseudomonas fluorescens under Nutrient-limiting Conditions,J. Appl. Bacteriol., 1996, vol. 81, pp. 19\u201326.","journal-title":"J. Appl. Bacteriol."},{"key":"BF02756186_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.63.4.1382-1388.1997","volume":"63","author":"P.H. Janssen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Janssen, P.H., Schuhmann, A., Morschel, E., and Rainey, F.A., Novel Anaerobic Ultramicrobacteria Belonging to the Verrucomicrobiales Lineage of Bacterial Descent Isolated by Dilution Culture from Anoxic Rice Paddy Soil,Appl. Environ. Microbioi., 1997, vol. 63, pp. 1382\u20131388.","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbioi."},{"key":"BF02756186_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.64.6.783-786.1952","volume":"64","author":"C.H. Oppenheimer","year":"1952","unstructured":"Oppenheimer, C.H., The Membrane Filter in Marine Microbiology,J. Bacteriol., 1952, vol. 64, pp. 783\u2013786.","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"BF02756186_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.90.6.1713-1718.1965","volume":"90","author":"J.I.W. Anderson","year":"1965","unstructured":"Anderson, J.I.W. and Heffernan, W.P., Isolation and Characterization of Filterable Marine Bacteria,J. Bacterioi., 1965, vol. 90, pp. 1713\u20131718.","journal-title":"J. Bacterioi."},{"key":"BF02756186_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02013017","volume":"14","author":"M.A. Hood","year":"1987","unstructured":"Hood, M.A. and MacDonnel, M.T., Distribution of Ultramicrobacteria in a Gulf Coast Estuary and Induction of Ultramicrobacteria,Microb. Ecol., 1987, vol. 14, pp. 113\u2013127.","journal-title":"Microb. Ecol."},{"key":"BF02756186_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.43.3.566-571.1982","volume":"43","author":"M.T. MacDonnel","year":"1982","unstructured":"MacDonnel, M.T. and Hood, M.A., Isolation and Characterization of Ultramicrobacteria from a Gulf Coast Estuary,Appl. Environ. Microbioi., 1982, vol. 43, pp. 566\u2013571.","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbioi."},{"key":"BF02756186_CR43","first-page":"207","volume":"21","author":"M. Maeda","year":"1983","unstructured":"Maeda, M. and Taga, N., Comparisons of Cell Size and Bacteria from Four Marine Localities,La Mer, 1983, vol. 21, pp. 207\u2013210.","journal-title":"La Mer"},{"key":"BF02756186_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1139\/m88-076","volume":"34","author":"R.Y. Morita","year":"1988","unstructured":"Morita, R.Y., Bioavailability of Energy and Starvation Survival in Nature,Can. J. Microbioi., 1988, vol. 34, pp. 436\u2013441.","journal-title":"Can. J. Microbioi."},{"issue":"5320","key":"BF02756186_CR45","first-page":"1776","volume":"276","author":"R. Psenner","year":"1997","unstructured":"Psenner, R. and Loferer, M., Nannobacteria: Size Limits and Evidence,Science, 1997, vol. 276, no. 5320, pp. 1776\u20131777.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BF02756186_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.32.4.635-637.1976","volume":"32","author":"J.A. Novitsky","year":"1976","unstructured":"Novitsky, J.A. and Morita, R.Y., Morphological Characterization of Small Cells Resulting from Nutrient Starvation in a Psychrophilic Marine Vibrio,Appl. Environ. Microbioi., 1976, vol. 32, pp. 635\u2013641.","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbioi."},{"key":"BF02756186_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.33.3.635-641.1977","volume":"33","author":"J.A. Novitsky","year":"1977","unstructured":"Novitsky, J.A. and Morita, R.Y., Survival of a Psychrophilic Marine Vibrio under Long-Term Nutrient Starvation,Appl. Environ. Microbioi., 1977, vol. 33, pp. 635\u2013641.","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbioi."},{"key":"BF02756186_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.55.5.1122-1127.1989","volume":"55","author":"C.L. Moyer","year":"1989","unstructured":"Moyer, C.L. and Morita, R.Y., Effect of Growth Rate and Starvation Survival on the Viability and Stability of a Psychrophilic Marine Bacterium,Appl. Environ. Microbioi., 1989, vol. 55, pp. 1122\u20131127.","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbioi."},{"key":"BF02756186_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2710","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.55.10.2710-2716.1989","volume":"55","author":"C.L. Moyer","year":"1989","unstructured":"Moyer, C.L. and Morita, R.Y., Effect of Growth Rate and Starvation Survival on Cellular DNA, RNA, and Protein of a Psychrophilic Marine Bacterium,Appl. Environ. Microbioi., 1989, vol. 55, pp. 2710\u20132716.","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbioi."},{"key":"BF02756186_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6941.1996.tb00336.x","volume":"21","author":"D.K. Button","year":"1996","unstructured":"Button, D.K., Robertson, B.R., and Juttner, F., Microflora of a Subalpine Lake: Bacterial Populations, Size and DNA Distributions, and Their Dependence on Phosphate,FEMS Microbioi. Ecol., 1996, vol. 21, pp. 87\u2013101.","journal-title":"FEMS Microbioi. Ecol."},{"key":"BF02756186_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.1997.tb00321.x","volume":"20","author":"F. Schut","year":"1997","unstructured":"Schut, F., Gottschal, J.C., and Prins, R.A., Isolation and Characterisation of the Marine UltramicrobacteriumSphingomonas sp. Strain RB2256,FEMS Microbioi. Rev., 1997, vol. 20, pp. 363\u2013369.","journal-title":"FEMS Microbioi. Rev."},{"key":"BF02756186_CR52","unstructured":"Kajander, E.O.,Culture and Detection Method for Sterile-Filterable Autonomously Replicating Biological Particles, US Patent no. 5135851, 1992."},{"key":"BF02756186_CR53","first-page":"147","volume":"26","author":"E.O. Kajander","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kajander, E.O., Tahvanainen, E., Kuronen, I., and Ciftcioglu, N., Comparison of Staphylococci and Novel Bacteria-like Particles from Blood,Zentralbl. Bacteriol., 1994, vol. 26 (Suppl.), pp. 147\u2013149.","journal-title":"Zentralbl. Bacteriol."},{"key":"BF02756186_CR54","first-page":"420","volume":"3111","author":"E.O. Kajander","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kajander, E.O., Kuronen, I., Akertnan, K., Pelttari, A., and Ciftcioglu, N., Nanobacteria from Blood, the Smallest Culturable Autonomously Replicating Agent on Earth,Proc. SPIE-Int. Soc. Opt. Eng., 1997, vol. 3111, pp. 420\u2013428.","journal-title":"Proc. SPIE-Int. Soc. Opt. Eng."},{"key":"BF02756186_CR55","first-page":"86","volume":"3441","author":"E.O. Kajander","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kajander, E.O., Bjorklund, M., and Ciftcioglu, N., Mineralization by Nanobacteria,Proc. SPIE-Int. Soc. Opt. Eng., 1998, vol. 3441, pp. 86\u201394.","journal-title":"Proc. SPIE-Int. Soc. Opt. Eng."},{"key":"BF02756186_CR56","first-page":"105","volume":"3441","author":"N. Ciftcioglu","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ciftcioglu, N., Bjorklund, M., and Kajander, E.O., Stone Formation and Calcification by Nanobacteria in the Human Body,Proc. SPIE-Int. Soc. Opt. Eng., 1998, vol. 3441, pp. 105\u2013111.","journal-title":"Proc. SPIE-Int. Soc. Opt. Eng."},{"key":"BF02756186_CR57","volume-title":"Tsitologiya bakterii","author":"M.A. Peshkov","year":"1955","unstructured":"Peshkov, M.A.,Tsitologiya bakterii (Cytology of Bacteria), Moscow: Izd. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1955."},{"key":"BF02756186_CR58","volume-title":"Sravnitel\u2019naya tsitologiya sinezelenykh vodoroslei, bakterii i aktinomitsetov","author":"A.M. Peshkov","year":"1966","unstructured":"Peshkov, A.M.,Sravnitel\u2019naya tsitologiya sinezelenykh vodoroslei, bakterii i aktinomitsetov (Comparative Cytology of Blue-Green Algae, Bacteria, and Actinomycetes), Moscow: Nauka, 1966."},{"key":"BF02756186_CR59","first-page":"74","volume-title":"Microbial Protoplasts, Spheroplasts, and L-Forms","author":"L. Dienes","year":"1967","unstructured":"Dienes, L., Morphology and Reproductive Processes of Bacteria with Defective Cell Walls,Microbial Protoplasts, Spheroplasts, and L-Forms, Guze, L.B., Ed., Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1967, pp. 74\u201393."},{"key":"BF02756186_CR60","volume-title":"L-formy bakterii: Mekhanizm obrazovaniya, struktura,rol\u2019 v patologii","author":"S.V. Prozorovskii","year":"1981","unstructured":"Prozorovskii, S.V., Kats, L.N., and Kagan, G.Ya.,L-formy bakterii: Mekhanizm obrazovaniya, struktura, rol\u2019 v patologii (Bacterial L-Forms: Mechanism of Formation, Structure, and Role in Pathology), Moscow: Meditsina, 1981."},{"key":"BF02756186_CR61","unstructured":"Widdel, F., Anaerober Abbau von Fettsauren und Benzoesaure durch neu isolierte Arten sulfatreduzierender Bakterien,Dissertation Georg-August-Universit\u00e4t zu G\u00f6ttingen, Lindhorst, Schaumburg-Lippe, G\u00f6ttingen, 1980."},{"key":"BF02756186_CR62","first-page":"123","volume":"3441","author":"M. Bjorklund","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bjorklund, M., Ciftcioglu, N., and Kajander, E.O., Extraordinary Survival of Nanobacteria under Extreme Conditions,Proc. SPIE-Int. Soc. Opt. Eng., 1998, vol. 3441, pp. 123\u2013129.","journal-title":"Proc. SPIE-Int. Soc. Opt. Eng."},{"key":"BF02756186_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/0966-842X(96)30015-2","volume":"4","author":"C.J. Dorman","year":"1996","unstructured":"Dorman, C.J., Flexible Response: DNA Supercoiling, Transcription, and Bacterial Adaptation to Environmental Stress,Trends Microbiol., 1996, vol. 4, pp. 214\u2013216.","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"BF02756186_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00425359","volume":"148","author":"V.I. Duda","year":"1987","unstructured":"Duda, V.I., Lebedinsky, A.V., Mushegjan, M.S., and Mitjushina, L.L., A New Anaerobic Bacterium Forming up to Five Endospores per Cell,Anaerobacter polyendosporus gen. et spec, nov.,Arch. Microbiol., 1987, vol. 148, pp. 121\u2013127.","journal-title":"Arch. Microbiol."},{"key":"BF02756186_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025847","volume":"15","author":"U. Bergthorsson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bergthorsson, U. and Ochman, H., Distribution of Chromosome Length Variation in Natural Isolates ofEscherichia coli, Mol. Biol. Evol., 1998, vol. 15, pp. 6\u201316.","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"BF02756186_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-47-1-132","volume":"47","author":"M. Ginard","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ginard, M., Lalucat, J., T\u00fcmmler, B., and Romling, U., Genome Organization ofPseudomonas st\u00fctzen and Resulting Taxonomic and Evolutionary Considerations,Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1997, vol. 47, pp. 132\u2013143.","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol."},{"key":"BF02756186_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/s002849900192","volume":"34","author":"R. Devereux","year":"1997","unstructured":"Devereux, R., Willis, S.G., and Hines, M.E., Genome Sizes ofDesulfovibrio desulfuricans, Desulfovibrio vulgaris, andDesulfobulbus pwpionicus Estimated by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis of Linearized Chromosomal DNA,Curr. Microbiol, 1997, vol. 34, pp. 337\u2013339.","journal-title":"Curr. Microbiol"},{"key":"BF02756186_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00395932","volume":"70","author":"B.E. Davidson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Davidson, B.E., Kordias, N., Dobos, M., and Hillier, A.J., Genomic Organization of Lactic Acid Bacteria,Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 1996, vol. 70, pp. 161\u2013183.","journal-title":"Antonie van Leeuwenhoek"},{"key":"BF02756186_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00399618","volume":"69","author":"J.T. Trevors","year":"1996","unstructured":"Trevors, J.T., Genome Size in Bacteria,Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 1996, vol. 69, pp. 293\u2013303.","journal-title":"Antonie van Leeuwenhoek"},{"key":"BF02756186_CR70","first-page":"27","volume":"50","author":"K. Dybwig","year":"1996","unstructured":"Dybwig, K. and Voelker, L.L., Molecular Biology of Mycoplasmas,Annu. Rev. Microbiol., 1996, vol. 50, pp. 27\u201357.","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Microbiol."}],"container-title":["Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF02756186.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF02756186","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF02756186","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF02756186.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T03:31:55Z","timestamp":1774755115000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/BF02756186"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,3]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,3]]}},"alternative-id":["BF02756186"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf02756186","relation":{},"ISSN":["0026-2617","1608-3237"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0026-2617","type":"print"},{"value":"1608-3237","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,3]]}}}