{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T06:00:48Z","timestamp":1774332048174,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"Berlin, Heidelberg","reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Berlin Heidelberg","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783540566625","type":"print"},{"value":"9783540476238","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1993,1,1]],"date-time":"1993-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":725846400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/bfb0024646","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,23]],"date-time":"2005-11-23T10:09:15Z","timestamp":1132740555000},"page":"183-195","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["The industrial take-up of formal methods in safety-critical and other areas: A perspective"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Bowen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Stavridou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"13_CR1","unstructured":"Safety related computer controlled systems market study. A review for the Department of Trade and Industry by Coopers & Lybrand in association with SRD-AEA Technology and Benchmark Research (HMSO, London, 1992)"},{"key":"13_CR2","unstructured":"The Procurement of Safety Critical Software in Defence Equipment (Part 1: Requirements, Part 2: Guidance). Interim Defence Standard 00-55, Issue 1, Ministry of Defence, Directorate of Standardization, Kentigern House, 65 Brown Street, Glasgow G2 8EX, UK (5 April 1991)"},{"key":"13_CR3","series-title":"Workshops in Computing","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-3203-5_5","volume-title":"Z User Workshop","author":"R. Barden","year":"1991","unstructured":"Barden, R., Stepney, S., Cooper, D.: The use of Z. In Nicholls, J.E. (ed.): Z User Workshop, York 1991 (Springer-Verlag, Workshops in Computing, 1992) pp. 99\u2013124"},{"key":"13_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1093\/comjnl\/35.6.579","volume":"35","author":"L. Barroca","year":"1992","unstructured":"Barroca, L., McDermid, J.: Formal methods: use and relevance for the development of safety critical systems. The Computer Journal 35 6 (December 1992)","journal-title":"The Computer Journal"},{"key":"13_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bj\u00f8rner, D.: Trusted computing systems: the ProCoS experience. Proc. 14th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE), Melbourne, Australia (11\u201314 May 1992)","DOI":"10.1145\/143062.143080"},{"key":"13_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blyth, D., Bolddyreff, C., Ruggles, C., Tetteh-Lartey, N.: The case for formal methods in standards. IEEE Software (September 1990) 65\u201367","DOI":"10.1109\/52.57893"},{"key":"13_CR7","first-page":"164","volume":"290","author":"J.P. Bowen","year":"1988","unstructured":"Bowen, J.P.: Formal specification in Z as a design and documentation tool. Second IEE\/BCS Conference, Software Engineering 88, Conference Publication No. 290 (July 1988) pp. 164\u2013168","journal-title":"Second IEE\/BCS Conference, Software Engineering 88, Conference Publication No."},{"key":"13_CR8","unstructured":"Bowen, J.P.: Towards verified systems (Elsevier, Real-time Safety-critical Systems Series, 1993) In preparation"},{"key":"13_CR9","volume-title":"Technical Report PRG-TR-5-92","author":"J.P. Bowen","year":"1992","unstructured":"Bowen, J.P., Stavridou, V.: Safety-critical systems, formal methods and standards. Technical Report PRG-TR-5-92, Programming Research Group, Oxford University Computing Laboratory, UK (1992) Revised version to appear in the Software Engineering Journal"},{"key":"13_CR10","first-page":"93","volume-title":"Computer Systems in Safety-critical Applications, Proc. IFAC Symposium","author":"J.P. Bowen","year":"1992","unstructured":"Bowen, J.P., Stavridou, V.: Formal methods and software safety. In [17] (1992) pp. 93\u201398"},{"issue":"1","key":"13_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1049\/sej.1991.0002","volume":"6","author":"J.N. Buxton","year":"1991","unstructured":"Buxton, J.N., Malcolm, R.: Software technology transfer. Software Engineering Journal 6 1 (January 1991) 17\u201323","journal-title":"Software Engineering Journal"},{"key":"13_CR12","unstructured":"Coleman, D.: The technology transfer of formal methods: what's going wrong? Proc. 12th ICSE Workshop on Industrial Use of Formal Methods, Nice, France (March 1990)"},{"key":"13_CR13","unstructured":"Craigen, D., Gerhart, S., Ralston, T.J.: An international survey of industrial applications of formal methods. Atomic Energy Control Board of Canada, U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology, and U.S. Naval Research Laboratories (1993) To appear"},{"key":"13_CR14","unstructured":"Craigen, D., Gerhart, S., Ralston, T.J.: Formal methods reality check: industrial usage. In Formal Methods Europe Symposium (FME'93) (Springer-Verlag, LNCS, 1993) In this volume"},{"key":"13_CR15","unstructured":"Deransart, P.: Prolog standardisation: the usefulness of a formal specification, on comp.lang.prolog, comp.specification and comp.software-eng electronic usenet newsgroups (October 1992)"},{"key":"13_CR16","unstructured":"Dyer, M.: The Cleanroom approach to quality software development (Wiley Series in Software Engineering Practice, 1992)"},{"key":"13_CR17","series-title":"Computer Systems in Safety-critical Applications, Proc. IFAC Symposium","volume-title":"Safety of computer control systems 1992 (SAFECOMP'92)","year":"1992","unstructured":"Frey, H.H. (ed.): Safety of computer control systems 1992 (SAFECOMP'92). Computer Systems in Safety-critical Applications, Proc. IFAC Symposium, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland, 28\u201330 October 1992 (Pergamon Press, 1992)"},{"key":"13_CR18","unstructured":"Good, D.I., Young, W.D.: Mathematical methods for digital system development. In Prehn, S., Toetenel, W.J. (eds.): VDM '91, Formal Software Development Methods, Volume 2: Tutorials (Springer-Verlag, LNCS 552, 1991) pp. 406\u2013430"},{"key":"13_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guiho, G., Hennebert, C.: SACEM software validation. Proc. 12th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE) (IEEE Computer Society Press, March 1990) pp. 186\u2013191","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.1990.63621"},{"key":"13_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hall, J.A.: Seven myths of formal methods. IEEE Software (September 1990) 11\u201319","DOI":"10.1109\/52.57887"},{"key":"13_CR21","series-title":"Workshops in Computing","first-page":"191","volume-title":"Z User Workshop","author":"M.D. Harrison","year":"1991","unstructured":"Harrison, M.D.: Engineering human error tolerant software. In Nicholls, J.E. (ed.): Z User Workshop, York 1991 (Springer-Verlag, Workshops in Computing, 1992) pp. 191\u2013204"},{"key":"13_CR22","unstructured":"Hill, J.V.: Software development methods in practice. Proc. COMPASS '91: 6th Annual Conference on Computer Assurance (1991)"},{"key":"13_CR23","unstructured":"Hoare, C.A.R.: Let's make models. In Baeten, J.C.M., Klop, J.W. (eds.): Proc. CONCUR '90 (Springer-Verlag, LNCS 458, 1990)"},{"key":"13_CR24","unstructured":"Houston, I., King, S: CICS project report: experiences and results from the use of Z in IBM. In Prehn, S., Toetenel, W.J. (eds.): VDM '91, Formal Software Development Methods (Springer-Verlag, LNCS 551, 1991) pp. 588\u2013603"},{"key":"13_CR25","unstructured":"IEEE standard glossary of software engineering terminology. In IEEE Software Engineering Standards Collection (Elsevier Applied Science, 1991)"},{"key":"13_CR26","volume-title":"Technical Report PRG-TR-20-91","author":"M.B. Josephs","year":"1991","unstructured":"Josephs, M.B., Redmund-Pyle, D.: Entity-relationship models expressed in Z: a synthesis of structured and formal methods, Technical Report PRG-TR-20-91, Programming Research Group, Oxford University Computing Laboratory, UK (July 1991)"},{"issue":"4238","key":"13_CR27","first-page":"30","volume":"142","author":"D. Learmount","year":"1992","unstructured":"Learmount, D.: Airline safety review: human factors. Flight International 142 4238 (22\u201328 July 1992) 30\u201333","journal-title":"Flight International"},{"key":"13_CR28","unstructured":"Liskov, B., Guttag, J.: Abstraction and Specification in Program Development (MIT Press, 1986)"},{"issue":"9","key":"13_CR29","first-page":"1066","volume":"39","author":"D. MacKenzie","year":"1992","unstructured":"MacKenzie, D.: Computers, formal proof, and the law courts. Notices of the American Mathematical Society 39 9 (November 1992) 1066\u20131069","journal-title":"Notices of the American Mathematical Society"},{"key":"13_CR30","unstructured":"May, D., Barrett, G., Shepherd, D.: Designing chips that work. In Hoare, C.A.R., Gordon, M.J.C. (eds.): Mechanized reasoning and hardware design (Prentice Hall International Series in Computer Science, 1992) pp. 3\u201319"},{"issue":"4","key":"13_CR31","first-page":"409","volume":"5","author":"J.S. Moore","year":"1989","unstructured":"Moore, J.S. et al., Special issue on system verification. Journal of Automated Reasoning 5 4 (1989) 409\u2013530","journal-title":"Journal of Automated Reasoning"},{"key":"13_CR32","unstructured":"Neesham, C.: Safe conduct. Computing (12 November 1992) 18\u201320"},{"key":"13_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nicholls, J.E.: A survey of Z courses in the UK. In Nicholls, J.E. (ed.), Z User Workshop, Oxford 1990 (Springer-Verlag, Workshops in Computing, 1991) pp. 343\u2013350","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-3540-1_22"},{"key":"13_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Normington, G.: Cleanroom and Z. In Bowen, J.P., Nicholls, J.E. (eds.), Z User Workshop, London 1992 (Springer-Verlag, Workshops in Computing, 1993) To appear","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-3556-2_18"},{"issue":"2","key":"13_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1049\/sej.1986.0011","volume":"1","author":"I. Pyle","year":"1986","unstructured":"Pyle, I.: Software engineers and the IEE. Software Engineering Journal 1 2 (March 1986) 66\u201368","journal-title":"Software Engineering Journal"},{"key":"13_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Potocki de Montalk, J.P.: Computer software in civil aircraft. Microprocessors and Microsystems. In Cullyer, W.J. (ed.): Special issue on safety critical systems (1993) To appear","DOI":"10.1016\/0141-9331(93)90089-P"},{"key":"13_CR37","volume-title":"Provably Correct Systems, chapter 9, part 1, ESPRIT BRA 3104 ProCoS Technical Report","author":"A.P. Ravn","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ravn, A.P., Stavridou, V.: Project organisation. In Bj\u00f8rner, D., Langmaack, H., Hoare, C.A.R.: Provably Correct Systems, chapter 9, part 1, ESPRIT BRA 3104 ProCoS Technical Report (1992) Available from Department of Computer Science, DTH, Lyngby, Denmark"},{"key":"13_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Redmill, F., Anderson, T.: Safety-critical systems \u2014 current issues, techniques and standards (Chapman and Hall, 1993)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-2037-7"},{"key":"13_CR39","unstructured":"Stein, R.M.: Safety by formal design. BYTE (August 1992) p. 157"},{"key":"13_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stepney, S., Barden, R., Cooper, D. (eds.): Object orientation in Z (Springer-Verlag, Workshops in Computing, 1992)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-3552-4"},{"key":"13_CR41","unstructured":"Thomas, M.C.: The industrial use of formal methods. Microprocessors and Microsystems. In Cullyer, W.J. (ed.): Special issue on safety critical systems (1993) To appear"},{"key":"13_CR42","volume-title":"Proc. Workshop on Policy Issues in Systems and Software Development","author":"M. Tierney","year":"1991","unstructured":"Tierney, M.: The evolution of Def Stan 00-55 and 00-56: an intensification of the \u201cformal methods debate\u201d in the UK. Proc. Workshop on Policy Issues in Systems and Software Development, Science Policy Research Unit, Brighton, UK (July 1991)"},{"key":"13_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wallace, D.R., Kuhn, D.R., Ippolito, L.M.: An analysis of selected software safety standards. IEEE AES Magazine (August 1992) 3\u201314","DOI":"10.1109\/62.151140"},{"key":"13_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wing, J.M., Zaremski, A.M.: Unintrusive ways to integrate formal specifications in practice. In Prehn, S., Toetenel, W.J. (eds.), VDM '91, Formal Software Development Methods (Springer-Verlag, LNCS 551, 1991) pp. 547\u2013569","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-54834-3_32"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","FME '93: Industrial-Strength Formal Methods"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BFb0024646","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,5]],"date-time":"2025-01-05T21:55:24Z","timestamp":1736114124000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/BFb0024646"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1993]]},"ISBN":["9783540566625","9783540476238"],"references-count":44,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bfb0024646","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1993]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 June 2005","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}}]}}