{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T04:02:16Z","timestamp":1778299336568,"version":"3.51.4"},"publisher-location":"Berlin, Heidelberg","reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Berlin Heidelberg","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783540645184","type":"print"},{"value":"9783540697954","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,1,1]],"date-time":"1998-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":883612800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/bfb0054154","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,27]],"date-time":"2006-07-27T09:13:04Z","timestamp":1153991584000},"page":"561-575","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":129,"title":["Easy come \u2014 Easy go divisible cash"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Agnes","family":"Chan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yair","family":"Frankel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiannis","family":"Tsiounis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"42_CR1","unstructured":"E. F. Brickell, P. Gemmell, and D. Kravitz. Trustee-based tracing exten-sions to anonymous cash and the making of anonymous change. In Sympo-sium on Distributed Algorithms (SODA), Albuquerque, NM, 1995."},{"key":"42_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Bellare and P. Rogaway. Random oracles are practical: a paradigm for designing efficient protocols. First ACM journal on Com-puter and Communications security, 1993. Available at http:\/\/www-cse.ucsd.edu\/users\/mihir\/crypto-papers.html.","DOI":"10.1145\/168588.168596"},{"key":"42_CR3","volume-title":"Technical Report CS-R9323","author":"S. Brands","year":"1993","unstructured":"S. Brands. An efficient off-line electronic cash system based on the representation problem. Technical Report CS-R9323, CWI (Centre for Mathematics and Computer Science), Amsterdam, 1993. anonymous ftp:\/\/ftp.cwi.nl:\/pub\/CWIreports\/AA\/CS-R9323.ps.zip ."},{"key":"42_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Brands. Untraceable off-line cash in wallets with observers. In Advances in Cryptology \u2014 Crypto '93, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Sci-ence 773), pages 302\u2013318. Springer-Verlag, 1993. Available at http:\/\/www.cwi.nl\/ftp\/brands\/crypto93.ps.Z.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-48329-2_26"},{"key":"42_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0034854","volume-title":"Advances in Cryp-tology \u2014 Proceedings of Asiacrypt '96 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1163)","author":"A. Chan","year":"1996","unstructured":"A. Chan, Y. Frankel, P. MacKenzie, and Y. Tsiounis. Mis-representation of identities in e-cash schemes and how to prevent it. In Advances in Cryp-tology \u2014 Proceedings of Asiacrypt '96 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1163), pages 276\u2013285, Kyongju, South Korea, November 3\u20137 1996. Springer-Verlag. Available at http:\/\/www.ccs.neu.edu\/home\/yiannis\/pubs.html ."},{"key":"42_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. Chaum, A. Fiat, and M. Naor. Untraceable electronic cash. In Ad-vances in Cryptology \u2014Crypto '88 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science), pages 319\u2013327. Springer-Verlag, 1990.","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-34799-2_25"},{"key":"42_CR7","first-page":"199","volume-title":"Advances in Cryptology. Proc. Crypto '82","author":"D. Chaum","year":"1983","unstructured":"D. Chaum. Blind signatures for untraceable payments. In D. Chaum, R.L. Rivest, and A. T. Sherman, editors, Advances in Cryptology. Proc. Crypto '82, pages 199\u2013203, Santa Barbara, 1983. Plenum Press N. Y."},{"issue":"10","key":"42_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1145\/4372.4373","volume":"28","author":"D. Chaum","year":"1985","unstructured":"D. Chaum. Security without identification: transaction systems to make Big Brother obsolete. Commun. ACM, 28(10):1030\u20131044, October 1985.","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"key":"42_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Camenisch, U. Maurer, and M. Stadler. Digital payment systems with passive anonymity-revoking trustees. In Esorics '96, Italy, 1996. To appear. Available at http:\/\/www.inf.ethz.ch\/personal\/camenisc\/publications.html.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-61770-1_26"},{"key":"42_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. Chaum and T.P. Pedersen. Transferred cash grows in size. In Advances in Cryptology \u2014 Eurocrypt '92, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science 658), pages 390\u2013407. Springer-Verlag, 1993.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-47555-9_32"},{"key":"42_CR11","first-page":"410","volume-title":"Advances in Cryptology \u2014 CRYPTO '97 Proceedings, LLNCS 1294","author":"J. Camenisch","year":"1997","unstructured":"J. Camenisch and M. Stadler. Efficient group signature schemes for large groups. In B. Kaliski, editor, Advances in Cryptology \u2014 CRYPTO '97 Proceedings, LLNCS 1294, pages 410\u2013424, Santa Barbara, CA, August 17\u201321 1997. Springer-Verlag. Available at http:\/\/www.inf.ethz.ch\/personal\/camenisc\/ ."},{"key":"42_CR12","volume-title":"Advances in Cryptology \u2014 Eurocrypt '87 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science 304)","author":"I. B. Damg\u00e5rd","year":"1988","unstructured":"I. B. Damg\u00e5rd. Collision free hash functions and public key signature schemes. In D. Chaum and W. L. Price, editors, Advances in Cryptology \u2014 Eurocrypt '87 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science 304). Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1988. Amsterdam, The Netherlands, April 13\u201315, 1987."},{"key":"42_CR13","first-page":"157","volume-title":"Advances in Cryptology, Proc. of Eurocrypt '94","author":"S. D'Amiano","year":"1994","unstructured":"S. D'Amiano and G. Di Crescenzo. Methodology for digital money based on general cryptographic tools. In Advances in Cryptology, Proc. of Eurocrypt '94, pages 157\u2013170. Springer-Verlag, 1994. Italy, 1994."},{"key":"42_CR14","first-page":"294","volume-title":"Advances in Cryptology, Proc. of Eurocrypt '89 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science 434)","author":"B. Boer den","year":"1989","unstructured":"B. den Boer, D. Chaum, E. van Heyst, S. Mjolsnes, and A. Steenbeek. Ef-ficient off-line electronic checks. In J.-J. Quisquater and J. Vandewalle, editors, Advances in Cryptology, Proc. of Eurocrypt '89 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science 434), pages 294\u2013301. Springer-Verlag, 1989. Houthalen, Belgium, April 10\u201313."},{"key":"42_CR15","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 1st Financial Cryptography conference (Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1318)","author":"G. Davida","year":"1997","unstructured":"G. Davida, Y. Frankel, Y. Tsiounis, and M. Yung. Anonymity control in e-cash. In Proceedings of the 1st Financial Cryptography conference (Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1318), Anguilla, BWI, February 24\u201328 1997. Springer-Verlag. To appear. Available at http:\/\/www.ccs.neu.edu\/home\/yiannis\/pubs.html ."},{"key":"42_CR16","volume-title":"An efficient fair off-line electronic cash system with extensions to checks and wallets with observers","author":"A. Solages de","year":"1998","unstructured":"A. de Solages and J. Traore. An efficient fair off-line electronic cash system with extensions to checks and wallets with observers. In Proceedings of the 2nd Financial Cryptography conference, Anguilla, BWI, February 1998. Springer-Verlag. To appear."},{"key":"42_CR17","first-page":"306","volume-title":"Advances in Cryptology \u2014 Eurocrypt '94, Proceedings","author":"T. Eng","year":"1994","unstructured":"T. Eng and T. Okamoto. Single-term divisible electronic coins. In Advances in Cryptology \u2014 Eurocrypt '94, Proceedings, pages 306\u2013319, New York, 1994. Springer-Verlag."},{"key":"42_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y. Frankel, P. Gemmell, and M. Yung. Witness-based cryptographic pro-gram checking and robust function sharing. In Proceedings of the twenty eighth annual ACM Symp. in Theory of Computing, STOC, 1996. To ap-pear. Available at http:\/\/www.cs.sandia.gov\/~psgemme\/.","DOI":"10.1145\/237814.237998"},{"key":"42_CR19","unstructured":"Y. Frankel, B. Patt-Shamir, and Y. Tsiounis. Exact analysis of exact change. In Proceedings of the 5th Israeli Symposium on the Theory of Com-puting Systems (ISTCS), Ran-Gatan, Israel, June 17\u201319 1997. Available at http:\/\/www.ccs.neu.edu\/home\/yiannis\/pubs.html"},{"key":"42_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0034855","volume-title":"Advances in Cryptology, Proc. of Asi-acrypt '96 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1163)","author":"Y. Frankel","year":"1996","unstructured":"Y. Frankel, Y. Tsiounis, and M. Yung. Indirect discourse proofs: achiev-ing fair off-line e-cash. In Advances in Cryptology, Proc. of Asi-acrypt '96 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1163), pages 286\u2013300, Ky-ongju, South Korea, November 3\u20137 1996. Springer-Verlag. Available at http:\/\/www.ccs.neu.edu\/home\/yiannis\/pubs.html ."},{"key":"42_CR21","first-page":"265","volume-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science 700","author":"M. Franklin","year":"1993","unstructured":"M. Franklin and M. Yung. Secure and efficient off-line digital money. In Proceedings of the twentieth International Colloquium on Automata, Lan-guages and Programming (ICALP 1993), (Lecture Notes in Computer Science 700), pages 265\u2013276. Springer-Verlag, 1993. Lund, Sweden, July 1993."},{"key":"42_CR22","unstructured":"M. Jakobsson and M. Yung. Revokable and versatile e-money. In Proceedings of the third annual ACM Symp. on Computer and Communication Security, March 1996."},{"key":"42_CR23","volume-title":"The Art of Computer Programming, Vol. 2, Seminumerical Algorithms","author":"D. E. Knuth","year":"1981","unstructured":"D. E. Knuth. The Art of Computer Programming, Vol. 2, Seminumerical Algorithms. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1981."},{"key":"42_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-0310-7","volume-title":"A course in number theory and cryptography, volume 114 of Graduate Texts in Mathematics","author":"N. Koblitz","year":"1987","unstructured":"N. Koblitz. A course in number theory and cryptography, volume 114 of Graduate Texts in Mathematics. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1987."},{"key":"42_CR25","first-page":"438","volume-title":"Advances in Cryptology, Proc. of Crypto '95 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science 963)","author":"T. Okamoto","year":"1995","unstructured":"T. Okamoto. An efficient divisible electronic cash scheme. In Don Coppersmith, editor, Advances in Cryptology, Proc. of Crypto '95 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science 963), pages 438\u2013451. Springer-Verlag, 1995. Santa Barbara, California, U.S.A., August 27\u201331."},{"key":"42_CR26","unstructured":"E. Fujisaki and T. Okamoto, 1996. Unpublished manuscript. Personal com-munication with T. Okamoto."},{"key":"42_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T. Okamoto and K. Ohta. Universal electronic cash. In Advances in Cryp-tology \u2014 Crypto '91 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science), pages 324\u2013337. Springer-Verlag, 1992.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-46766-1_27"},{"key":"42_CR28","volume-title":"International Workshop on Public Key Cryptography","author":"T. Okamoto","year":"1998","unstructured":"T. Okamoto and M. Yung. Lower bounds on term-based divisible cash sys-tems. In International Workshop on Public Key Cryptography, Yokohama, Japan, February 5\u20136 1998. Springer-Verlag. To appear."},{"key":"42_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-68339-9_33","volume-title":"Advances in Cryptology, Proc. of Eurocrypt '96","author":"D. Pointcheval","year":"1996","unstructured":"D. Pointcheval and J. Stern. Security proofs for signature schemes. In U. Maurer, editor, Advances in Cryptology, Proc. of Eurocrypt '96, pages 387\u2013398, Zaragoza, Spain, May 11\u201316, 1996. Springer-Verlag. Available at http:\/\/www.ens.fr\/dmi\/equipes-dmi\/grecc\/pointche\/pub.html ."},{"key":"42_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B. Pfitzmann and M. Waidner. How to break and repair a \u2018provably secure\u2019 untraceable payment system. In J. Feigenbaum, editor, Advances in Cryp-tology, Proc. of Crypto '91 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science 576), pages 338\u2013350. Springer-Verlag, 1992.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-46766-1_28"},{"issue":"3","key":"42_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00196725","volume":"4","author":"C. P. Schnorr","year":"1991","unstructured":"C. P. Schnorr. Efficient signature generation by smart cards. Journal of Cryptology, 4(3):161\u2013174, 1991.","journal-title":"Journal of Cryptology"},{"key":"42_CR32","volume-title":"PhD thesis","author":"Y. Tsiounis","year":"1997","unstructured":"Y. Tsiounis. Efficient Electronic Cash: New Notions and Techniques. PhD thesis, College of Computer Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 1997. Available at http:\/\/www.ccs.neu.edu\/home\/yiannis\/pubs.html ."},{"key":"42_CR33","unstructured":"H. van Antwerpen. Electronic cash. Master's thesis, CWI, 1990."}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Advances in Cryptology \u2014 EUROCRYPT'98"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BFb0054154","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T03:17:51Z","timestamp":1736479071000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/BFb0054154"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998]]},"ISBN":["9783540645184","9783540697954"],"references-count":33,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bfb0054154","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 May 2006","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}}]}}