{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T09:50:15Z","timestamp":1773654615265,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"Berlin, Heidelberg","reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Berlin Heidelberg","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783540645696","type":"print"},{"value":"9783540693543","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,1,1]],"date-time":"1998-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":883612800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/bfb0055711","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,27]],"date-time":"2006-07-27T21:07:35Z","timestamp":1154034455000},"page":"893-908","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":196,"title":["Icondensation: Unifying low-level and high-level tracking in a stochastic framework"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Isard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Blake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"56_CR1","first-page":"413","volume":"2","author":"A. Baumberg","year":"1995","unstructured":"A. Baumberg and D. Hogg. Generating spatiotemporal models from examples. In Proc. British Machine Vision Conf., volume 2, 413\u2013422, 1995.","journal-title":"Proc. British Machine Vision Conf."},{"key":"56_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.J. Black and A.D. Jepson. Eigentracking: robust matching and tracking of articulated objects using a view-based representation. In Proc. 4th European Conf. Computer Vision, 329\u2013342, 1996.","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0015548"},{"key":"56_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Blake and M.A. Isard. Active contours. Springer, 1998.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-1555-7"},{"key":"56_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00032-1","volume":"78","author":"A. Blake","year":"1995","unstructured":"A. Blake, M.A. Isard, and D. Reynard. Learning to track the visual motion of contours. J. Artificial Intelligence, 78:101\u2013134, 1995.","journal-title":"J. Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"56_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T.F. Cootes, C.J. Taylor, A. Lanitis, D.H. Cooper, and J. Graham. Building and using flexible models incorporating grey-level information. In Proc. 4th Int. Conf. on Computer Vision, 242\u2013246, 1993.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.1993.378212"},{"key":"56_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Costeira and T. Kanade. A multi-body factorization method for motion analysis. In Proc. 5th Int. Conf. on Computer Vision, 1071\u20131076, 1995.","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA295489"},{"key":"56_CR7","unstructured":"J.D. Foley, A. van Dam, S.K. Feiner, and J.F. Hughes. Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice, chapter 13, 563\u2013604. Addison-Wesley, 1990."},{"issue":"6","key":"56_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.2514\/3.21565","volume":"18","author":"N. Gordon","year":"1995","unstructured":"N. Gordon and D. Salmond. Bayesian state estimation for tracking and guidance using the bootstrap filter. Journal of guidance, control and dynamics, 18(6):1434\u20131443, November\u2013December 1995.","journal-title":"Journal of guidance, control and dynamics"},{"issue":"2","key":"56_CR9","first-page":"107","volume":"140","author":"N. Gordon","year":"1993","unstructured":"N. Gordon, D. Salmond, and A.F.M. Smith. Novel approach to nonlinear\/non-Gaussian Bayesian state estimation. IEE Proc. F, 140(2):107\u2013113, 1993.","journal-title":"IEE Proc. F"},{"key":"56_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H.P. Graf, E. Cosatto, D. Gibbon, M. Kocheisen, and E. Petajan. Multi-modal system for locating heads and faces. In Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, 88\u201393, 1996.","DOI":"10.1109\/AFGR.1996.557248"},{"key":"56_CR11","volume-title":"HANDS. A Pattern Theoretical Study of Biological Shapes","author":"U. Grenander","year":"1991","unstructured":"U. Grenander, Y. Chow, and D.M. Keenan. HANDS. A Pattern Theoretical Study of Biological Shapes. Springer-Verlag. New York, 1991."},{"key":"56_CR12","first-page":"507","volume":"2","author":"G. Hager","year":"1996","unstructured":"G. Hager and K. Toyama. X vision: Combining image warping and geometric constraints for fast visual tracking. In Proc. 4th European Conf. Computer Vision, volume 2, 507\u2013517, 1996.","journal-title":"Proc. 4th European Conf. Computer Vision"},{"key":"56_CR13","unstructured":"T. Heap and D. Hogg. Wormholes in shape space: Tracking through discontinuous changes in shape. In Proc. 6th Int. Conf. on Computer Vision, 1998."},{"key":"56_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.A. Isard and A. Blake. Visual tracking by stochastic propagation of conditional density. In Proc. 4th European Conf. Computer Vision, 343\u2013356, Cambridge, England, Apr 1996.","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0015549"},{"key":"56_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.A. Isard and A. Blake. A mixed-state Condensation tracker with automatic model switching. In Proc. 6th Int. Conf. on Computer Vision, 107\u2013112, 1998.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.1998.710707"},{"issue":"1","key":"56_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2307\/1390750","volume":"5","author":"G. Kitagawa","year":"1996","unstructured":"G. Kitagawa. Monte Carlo filter and smoother for non-Gaussian nonlinear state space models. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics, 5(1):1\u201325, 1996.","journal-title":"Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics"},{"key":"56_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Kjeldsen and J. Kender. Toward the use of gesture in traditional user interfaces. In Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, 151\u2013156, 1996.","DOI":"10.1109\/AFGR.1996.557257"},{"issue":"2","key":"56_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00127170","volume":"8","author":"D.G. Lowe","year":"1992","unstructured":"D.G. Lowe. Robust model-based motion tracking through the integration of search and estimation. Int. J. Computer Vision, 8(2):113\u2013122, 1992.","journal-title":"Int. J. Computer Vision"},{"key":"56_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. MacCormick and A. Blake. A probabilistic contour discriminant for object localisation. In Proc. 6th Int. Conf. on Computer Vision, 390\u2013395, 1998.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.1998.710748"},{"key":"56_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470316726","volume-title":"Stochastic simulation","author":"B.D. Ripley","year":"1987","unstructured":"B.D. Ripley. Stochastic simulation. New York: Wiley, 1987."},{"key":"56_CR21","unstructured":"Torr P.H.S. An assessment of information criteria for motion model selection. In Proc. Conf. Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 1997."},{"key":"56_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Torr P.H.S. and Murray D.W. Stochastic motion clustering. In Proc. 3rd European Conf. Computer Vision, 328\u2013337. Springer-Verlag, 1994.","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0028365"},{"key":"56_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. Wellner. The Digital Desk calculator \u2014 tangible manipulation on a desk-top display. In Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, Hilton Head, November 1991.","DOI":"10.1145\/120782.120785"},{"key":"56_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C. Wren, A. Azarbayejani, T. Darrell, and A. Pentland. Pfinder: Real-time tracking of the human body. In Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, 51\u201356, 1996.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.229194"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Computer Vision \u2014 ECCV'98"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BFb0055711","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T03:50:43Z","timestamp":1736481043000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/BFb0055711"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998]]},"ISBN":["9783540645696","9783540693543"],"references-count":24,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bfb0055711","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 May 2006","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}}]}}