{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,16]],"date-time":"2025-11-16T07:23:22Z","timestamp":1763277802122,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,21]],"date-time":"2018-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1529539200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001843","name":"Science and Engineering Research Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EEQ\/2016\/000215"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EEQ\/2016\/000215"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001843","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Circuits Syst Signal Process"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00034-018-0880-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,21]],"date-time":"2018-06-21T07:10:04Z","timestamp":1529565004000},"page":"716-749","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["An Efficient QRS Complex Detection Using Optimally Designed Digital Differentiator"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Chandan","family":"Nayak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Suman Kumar","family":"Saha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rajib","family":"Kar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Durbadal","family":"Mandal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"880_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2932","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2012.03.068","volume":"13","author":"M Abdechiri","year":"2013","unstructured":"M. Abdechiri, M.R. Meybodi, H. Bahrami, Gases Brownian motion optimization: an algorithm for optimization. Appl. Soft Comput. 13(5), 2932\u20132946 (2013)","journal-title":"Appl. Soft Comput."},{"issue":"2","key":"880_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1109\/10.740882","volume":"46","author":"VX Afonso","year":"1999","unstructured":"V.X. Afonso, W.J. Tompkins, T.Q. Nguyen, S. Luo, ECG beat detection using filter banks. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 46(2), 192\u2013201 (1999)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"5","key":"880_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2014.05.009","volume":"145","author":"K Arbateni","year":"2014","unstructured":"K. Arbateni, A. Bennia, Sigmoidal radial basis function ANN for QRS complex detection. Neurocomputing 145(5), 438\u2013450 (2014)","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"issue":"2","key":"880_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2007.912658","volume":"55","author":"NM Arzeno","year":"2008","unstructured":"N.M. Arzeno, Z.D. Deng, C.S. Poon, Analysis of first-derivative based QRS detection algorithms. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 55(2), 478\u2013484 (2008)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"880_CR5","first-page":"379","volume":"27","author":"DS Benitez","year":"2000","unstructured":"D.S. Benitez, P.A. Gaydecki, A. Zaidi, A.P. Fitzpatrick, A new QRS detection algorithm based on the Hilbert transforms. Comput. Cardiol. 27, 379\u2013382 (2000)","journal-title":"Comput. Cardiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"880_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-spr.2008.0094","volume":"3","author":"M Benmalek","year":"2008","unstructured":"M. Benmalek, A. Charef, Digital fractional order operators for R-wave detection in the electrocardiogram signal. IET Signal Proc. 3(5), 381\u2013391 (2008)","journal-title":"IET Signal Proc."},{"issue":"7","key":"880_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-spr.2013.0391","volume":"8","author":"F Bouaziz","year":"2014","unstructured":"F. Bouaziz, D. Boutana, M. Benidir, Multiresolution wavelet-based QRS complex detection algorithm suited to several abnormal morphologies. IET Signal Proc. 8(7), 774\u2013782 (2014)","journal-title":"IET Signal Proc."},{"key":"880_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2015.06.001","volume":"21","author":"D Castells-Rufas","year":"2015","unstructured":"D. Castells-Rufas, J. Carrabina, Simple and real-time QRS detector with the MaMeMi filter. Biomed. Signal Process. Control 21, 137\u2013145 (2015)","journal-title":"Biomed. Signal Process. Control"},{"issue":"3","key":"880_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2005.11.012","volume":"82","author":"SW Chen","year":"2006","unstructured":"S.W. Chen, H.C. Chen, H.L. Chan, A real-time QRS detection method based on moving-averaging incorporating with wavelet denoising. Comput. Methods Programs Biomed. 82(3), 187\u2013195 (2006)","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Programs Biomed."},{"issue":"7","key":"880_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2009.12.069","volume":"37","author":"S Choi","year":"2010","unstructured":"S. Choi, M. Adnane, G.J. Lee, H. Jang, Z. Jiang, H.K. Park, Development of ECG beat segmentation method by combining low pass filter and irregular R\u2013R interval check-up strategy. Expert Syst. Appl. 37(7), 5208\u20135218 (2010)","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"issue":"1","key":"880_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2014.2342879","volume":"62","author":"CJ Deepu","year":"2015","unstructured":"C.J. Deepu, Y. Lian, A joint QRS detection and data compression scheme for wearable sensors. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 62(1), 165\u2013175 (2015)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"5","key":"880_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2013.11.004","volume":"40","author":"AK Dohare","year":"2014","unstructured":"A.K. Dohare, V. Kumar, R. Kumar, An efficient new method for the detection of QRS in the electrocardiogram. Comput. Electr. Eng. 40(5), 1717\u20131730 (2014)","journal-title":"Comput. Electr. Eng."},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"880_CR13","first-page":"273","volume":"24","author":"Y Ferdi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Y. Ferdi, J.P. Herbeuval, A. Charef, B. Boucheham, R wave detection using fractional digital differentiation. ITBM-RBM. 24(5\u20136), 273\u2013280 (2000)","journal-title":"ITBM-RBM."},{"issue":"23","key":"880_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e215","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.23.e215","volume":"101","author":"AL Goldberger","year":"2000","unstructured":"A.L. Goldberger, L.A.N. Amaral, L. Glass, J.M. Hausdorff, P.C. Ivanov, R.G. Mark, J.E. Mietus, G.B. Moody, C.K. Peng, H.E. Stanley, PhysioBank, PhysioToolkit, and PhysioNet: components of a new research resource for complex physiologic signals. Circulation 101(23), e215\u2013e220 (2000)","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"12","key":"880_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.1986.325695","volume":"33","author":"PS Hamilton","year":"1986","unstructured":"P.S. Hamilton, W.J. Tompkins, Quantitative investigation of QRS detection rules using the MIT\/BIH arrhythmia database. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 33(12), 1157\u20131164 (1986)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"880_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2016.09.023","volume":"66","author":"S Jain","year":"2017","unstructured":"S. Jain, M.K. Ahirwal, A. Kumar, V. Bajaj, G.K. Singh, QRS detection using adaptive filters: a comparative study. ISA Trans. 66, 362\u2013375 (2017)","journal-title":"ISA Trans."},{"key":"880_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2014.07.002","volume":"52","author":"A Karimipour","year":"2014","unstructured":"A. Karimipour, M.R. Homaeinezhad, Real-time electrocardiogram P-QRS-T detection-delineation algorithm based on quality-supported analysis of characteristic template. Comput. Biol. Med. 52, 153\u2013165 (2014)","journal-title":"Comput. Biol. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"880_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1109\/51.993193","volume":"21","author":"BU Kohler","year":"2002","unstructured":"B.U. Kohler, C. Hennig, R. Orglmeister, The principles of software QRS detection. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Mag. 21(1), 42\u201357 (2002)","journal-title":"IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Mag."},{"issue":"4","key":"880_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-smt.2015.0150","volume":"10","author":"R Kumar","year":"2016","unstructured":"R. Kumar, A. Kumar, G.K. Singh, Electrocardiogram signal compression using singular coefficient truncation and wavelet coefficient coding. IET Sci. Meas. Technol. 10(4), 266\u2013274 (2016)","journal-title":"IET Sci. Meas. Technol."},{"issue":"6","key":"880_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2012.2188798","volume":"6","author":"CI Leong","year":"2012","unstructured":"C.I. Leong, P.I. Mak, C.P. Lam, C. Dong, M.I. Vai, P.U. Mak, H.S. Pun, F. Wan, R.P. Martins, A 0.83\u00a0\u00b5W QRS detection processor using quadratic spline wavelet transform for wireless ECG acquisition in 0.35\u00a0\u00b5m CMOS. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst. 6(6), 586\u2013595 (2012)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst."},{"issue":"1","key":"880_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1109\/10.362922","volume":"42","author":"C Li","year":"1995","unstructured":"C. Li, C. Zheng, C. Tai, Detection of ECG characteristic points using wavelet transform. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 42(1), 21\u201328 (1995)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"2","key":"880_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1360\/02yf0456","volume":"47","author":"Q Lin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Q. Lin, T. Ran, Z. Siyong, W. Yue, Detection and parameter estimation of multicomponent LFM signal based on the fractional Fourier transform. Sci. China Ser. F Inf. Sci. 47(2), 184\u2013198 (2004)","journal-title":"Sci. China Ser. F Inf. Sci."},{"issue":"9","key":"880_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2011.12.011","volume":"34","author":"JPV Madeiro","year":"2012","unstructured":"J.P.V. Madeiro, P.C. Cortez, J.A.L. Marques, C.R.V. Seisdedos, C.R.M.R. Sobrinho, An innovative approach to QRS segmentation based on first-derivative, Hilbert and wavelet transform. Med. Eng. Phys. 34(9), 1236\u20131246 (2012)","journal-title":"Med. Eng. Phys."},{"key":"880_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnm.2203","author":"S Mahata","year":"2016","unstructured":"S. Mahata, S.K. Saha, R. Kar, D. Mandal, Optimal design of wideband digital integrators and differentiators using harmony search algorithm. Int. J. Numer. Model. Electron. Netw. Devices Fields (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jnm.2203","journal-title":"Int. J. Numer. Model. Electron. Netw. Devices Fields"},{"issue":"11","key":"880_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3757","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-017-2595-6","volume":"22","author":"S Mahata","year":"2018","unstructured":"S. Mahata, S.K. Saha, R. Kar, D. Mandal, Optimal design of wideband digital integrators and differentiators using hybrid flower pollination algorithm. Soft. Comput. 22(11), 3757\u20133783 (2018)","journal-title":"Soft. Comput."},{"issue":"2","key":"880_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2011.03.004","volume":"7","author":"MS Manikandan","year":"2012","unstructured":"M.S. Manikandan, K.P. Soman, A novel method for detecting R-peaks in electrocardiogram (ECG) signal. Biomed. Signal Process. Control 7(2), 118\u2013128 (2012)","journal-title":"Biomed. Signal Process. Control"},{"issue":"4","key":"880_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2003.821031","volume":"51","author":"JP Mart\u00ednez","year":"2004","unstructured":"J.P. Mart\u00ednez, R. Almeida, S. Olmos, A.P. Rocha, P. Laguna, A wavelet-based ECG delineator evaluation on standard databases. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 51(4), 570\u2013581 (2004)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"4","key":"880_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2012.2229463","volume":"7","author":"YJ Min","year":"2013","unstructured":"Y.J. Min, H.K. Kim, Y.R. Kang, G.S. Kim, J. Park, S.W. Kim, Design of wavelet-based ECG detector for implantable cardiac pacemakers. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst. 7(4), 426\u2013436 (2013)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst."},{"key":"880_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advengsoft.2017.07.002","volume":"114","author":"S Mirjalili","year":"2017","unstructured":"S. Mirjalili, A.H. Gandomi, S.Z. Mirjalili, S. Saremi, H. Faris, S.M. Mirjalili, Salp swarm algorithm: a bio-inspired optimizer for engineering design problems. Adv. Eng. Softw. 114, 163\u2013191 (2017)","journal-title":"Adv. Eng. Softw."},{"issue":"3","key":"880_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1109\/51.932724","volume":"20","author":"GB Moody","year":"2001","unstructured":"G.B. Moody, R.G. Mark, The impact of MIT-BIH Arrhythmia database. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Mag. 20(3), 45\u201350 (2001)","journal-title":"IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Mag."},{"key":"880_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2016.09.014","volume":"94","author":"K Mourad","year":"2016","unstructured":"K. Mourad, B.R. Fethi, Efficient automatic detection of QRS complexes in ECG signal based on reverse bi-orthogonal wavelet decomposition and nonlinear filtering. Measurement 94, 663\u2013670 (2016)","journal-title":"Measurement"},{"issue":"2","key":"880_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2013.2282954","volume":"61","author":"G Nallathambi","year":"2014","unstructured":"G. Nallathambi, J.C. Pr\u00edncipe, Integrate and fire pulse train automaton for QRS detection. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 61(2), 317\u2013326 (2014)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"3","key":"880_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.1985.325532","volume":"32","author":"J Pan","year":"1985","unstructured":"J. Pan, W.J. Tompkins, A real-time QRS detection algorithm. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 32(3), 230\u2013236 (1985)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"880_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2017.02.028","volume":"144","author":"D Pandit","year":"2017","unstructured":"D. Pandit, L. Zhang, C. Liu, S. Chattopadhyay, N. Aslam, C.P. Lim, A lightweight QRS detector for single lead ECG signals using a max-min difference algorithm. Comput. Methods Programs Biomed. 144, 61\u201375 (2017)","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Programs Biomed."},{"key":"880_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-015-0410-4","author":"D Panigrahy","year":"2016","unstructured":"D. Panigrahy, M. Rakshit, P.K. Sahu, FPGA implementation of the heart rate monitoring system. J. Med. Syst. (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10916-015-0410-4","journal-title":"J. Med. Syst."},{"issue":"11","key":"880_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2015.02.012","volume":"42","author":"P Phukpattaranont","year":"2015","unstructured":"P. Phukpattaranont, QRS detection algorithm based on the quadratic filter. Expert Syst. Appl. 42(11), 4867\u20134877 (2015)","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"issue":"11","key":"880_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1109\/10.469381","volume":"42","author":"R Poli","year":"1995","unstructured":"R. Poli, S. Cagnoni, G. Valli, Genetic design of optimum linear and nonlinear QRS detectors. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 42(11), 1137\u20131141 (1995)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"880_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2013.2274809","volume":"18","author":"N Ravanshad","year":"2014","unstructured":"N. Ravanshad, H.R. Dehsorkh, R. Lotfi, Y. Lian, A level-crossing based QRS-detection algorithm for wearable ECG sensors. IEEE J. Biomed. Health Inform. 18(1), 183\u2013192 (2014)","journal-title":"IEEE J. Biomed. Health Inform."},{"issue":"11","key":"880_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4637","DOI":"10.1007\/s00034-017-0537-2","volume":"36","author":"P Sabherwal","year":"2017","unstructured":"P. Sabherwal, M. Agrawal, L. Singh, Automatic detection of the R peaks in single-lead ECG signal. Circuits Syst. Signal Process. 36(11), 4637\u20134652 (2017)","journal-title":"Circuits Syst. Signal Process."},{"issue":"6","key":"880_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2013.07.009","volume":"52","author":"SK Saha","year":"2013","unstructured":"S.K. Saha, S.P. Ghoshal, R. Kar, D. Mandal, Cat swarm optimization algorithm for optimal linear phase FIR filter design. ISA Trans. 52(6), 781\u2013794 (2013)","journal-title":"ISA Trans."},{"issue":"8","key":"880_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-spr.2011.0353","volume":"6","author":"SK Saha","year":"2012","unstructured":"S.K. Saha, R. Kar, D. Mandal, S.P. Ghoshal, Seeker optimization algorithm: application to the design of the linear phase finite impulse response filter. IET Signal Proc. 6(8), 763\u2013771 (2012)","journal-title":"IET Signal Proc."},{"issue":"1","key":"880_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksues.2012.12.003","volume":"26","author":"SK Saha","year":"2014","unstructured":"S.K. Saha, R. Kar, D. Mandal, S.P. Ghoshal, Gravitation search algorithm: application to the optimal IIR filter design. J. King Saud Univ. Eng. Sci. 26(1), 69\u201381 (2014)","journal-title":"J. King Saud Univ. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"880_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2017.05.022","volume":"108","author":"S Sahoo","year":"2017","unstructured":"S. Sahoo, B. Kanungo, S. Behera, S. Sabut, Multiresolution wavelet transform based feature extraction and ECG classification to detect cardiac abnormalities. Measurement 108, 55\u201366 (2017)","journal-title":"Measurement"},{"key":"880_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2017.05.027","volume":"87","author":"T Sharma","year":"2017","unstructured":"T. Sharma, K.K. Sharma, QRS complex detection in ECG signals using locally adaptive weighted total variation denoising. Comput. Biol. Med. 87, 187\u2013199 (2017)","journal-title":"Comput. Biol. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"880_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2009.10.017","volume":"20","author":"Z-EH Slimane","year":"2010","unstructured":"Z.-E.H. Slimane, A. Nait-AlI, QRS complex detection using empirical mode decomposition. Digit. Signal Proc. 20(4), 1221\u20131228 (2010)","journal-title":"Digit. Signal Proc."},{"key":"880_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csda.2014.09.001","volume":"82","author":"DL Vacchia","year":"2015","unstructured":"D.L. Vacchia, L. Camponovo, D. Ferrari, Robust heart rate variability analysis by generalized entropy minimization. Comput. Stat. Data Anal. 82, 137\u2013151 (2015)","journal-title":"Comput. Stat. Data Anal."},{"issue":"9","key":"880_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2339","DOI":"10.1109\/78.536690","volume":"44","author":"R Vuerinckx","year":"1996","unstructured":"R. Vuerinckx, Y. Rolain, J. Schoukens, R. Pinteion, Design of stable IIR filters in the complex domain by automatic delay selection. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 44(9), 2339\u20132344 (1996)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"issue":"9","key":"880_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-spr.2015.0444","volume":"10","author":"D Wei","year":"2016","unstructured":"D. Wei, Image super-resolution reconstruction using the high-order derivative interpolation associated with fractional filter functions. IET Signal Proc. 10(9), 1052\u20131061 (2016)","journal-title":"IET Signal Proc."},{"issue":"18","key":"880_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4861","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2016.2560148","volume":"64","author":"D Wei","year":"2016","unstructured":"D. Wei, Y.M. Li, Generalized sampling expansions with multiple sampling rates for lowpass and bandpass signals in the fractional Fourier transfer domain. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 64(18), 4861\u20134874 (2016)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"issue":"1","key":"880_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-smt.2013.0223","volume":"9","author":"Z Wei","year":"2015","unstructured":"Z. Wei, W. Xueyun, Z.J. Jian, L. Hongxing, Fetal heartbeat detection by Hilbert transform and non-linear state-space projections. IET Sci. Meas. Technol. 9(1), 85\u201392 (2015)","journal-title":"IET Sci. Meas. Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"880_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1109\/10.126604","volume":"39","author":"Q Xue","year":"1992","unstructured":"Q. Xue, Y.H. Hu, W.J. Tompkins, Neural-network based adaptive matched filtering for QRS detection. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 39(4), 317\u2013329 (1992)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"880_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2016.06.010","volume":"56","author":"S Yazdani","year":"2016","unstructured":"S. Yazdani, J.M. Vesin, Extraction of QRS fiducial points from the ECG using adaptive mathematical morphology. Digit. Signal Proc. 56, 100\u2013109 (2016)","journal-title":"Digit. Signal Proc."},{"issue":"3","key":"880_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2008.04.006","volume":"91","author":"YC Yeh","year":"2008","unstructured":"Y.C. Yeh, W.J. Wang, QRS complexes detection for ECG signal: the difference operation method. Comput. Methods Programs Biomed. 91(3), 245\u2013254 (2008)","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Programs Biomed."},{"key":"880_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2015.10.011","volume":"25","author":"M Yochum","year":"2016","unstructured":"M. Yochum, C. Renaud, S. Jacquir, Automatic detection of P, QRS and T patterns in 12 leads ECG signal based on CWT. Biomed. Signal Process. Control 25, 46\u201352 (2016)","journal-title":"Biomed. Signal Process. Control"},{"key":"880_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2016.04.021","volume":"64","author":"A Zamani","year":"2016","unstructured":"A. Zamani, S.M. Barakati, S. Yousofi-Darmian, Design of a fractional order PID controller using GBMO algorithm for load-frequency control with governor saturation consideration. ISA Trans. 64, 56\u201366 (2016)","journal-title":"ISA Trans."},{"issue":"4","key":"880_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2009.2020093","volume":"3","author":"F Zhang","year":"2009","unstructured":"F. Zhang, Y. Lian, QRS detection based on multiscale mathematical morphology for wearable ECG devices in body area networks. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst. 3(4), 220\u2013228 (2009)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst."},{"issue":"3","key":"880_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2011.12.004","volume":"107","author":"Z Zidelmal","year":"2012","unstructured":"Z. Zidelmal, A. Amirou, M. Adnane, A. Belouchrani, QRS detection based on wavelet coefficients. Comput. Methods Programs Biomed. 107(3), 490\u2013496 (2012)","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Programs Biomed."},{"issue":"1","key":"880_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2014.04.008","volume":"116","author":"Z Zidelmal","year":"2014","unstructured":"Z. Zidelmal, A. Amirou, D. Ould-Abdeslam, A. Moukadem, A. Dieterlen, QRS detection using s-transform and Shannon energy. Comput. Methods Programs Biomed. 116(1), 1\u20139 (2014)","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Programs Biomed."}],"container-title":["Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00034-018-0880-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00034-018-0880-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00034-018-0880-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,5]],"date-time":"2025-07-05T07:13:06Z","timestamp":1751699586000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00034-018-0880-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,21]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]}},"alternative-id":["880"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00034-018-0880-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0278-081X","1531-5878"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0278-081X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1531-5878"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 September 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 June 2018","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 June 2018","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 June 2018","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}