{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T08:32:31Z","timestamp":1777537951284,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,25]],"date-time":"2019-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548374400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fundamental Research Grant Scheme. Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia","award":["08-01-13-1178FR"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["08-01-13-1178FR"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Circuits Syst Signal Process"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00034-019-01034-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,25]],"date-time":"2019-01-25T06:06:21Z","timestamp":1548396381000},"page":"3860-3879","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Collaborative Adaptive Filtering Approach for the Identification of Complex-Valued Improper Signals"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2009-2822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chukwuemena Cyprian","family":"Amadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bukhari","family":"Ujang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Sali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fazirulhisyam","family":"Hashim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"1034_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C.C. Amadi, B.C. Ujang, F. Hashim, Nonlinear System Modelling Utilizing Second Order Augmented Statistics Complex Value Algorithm, in Advances in Machine Learning and Signal Processing. Vol. 387 of the series Lecture note in electrical engineering (Springer, 2016), pp. 223\u2013235","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-32213-1_20"},{"key":"1034_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L.A. Azpicueta-Ruiz, J. Arenas-Garc\u00eda, M.T.M. Silva, R. Candido, Chapter 11\u2014Combined Filtering Architectures for Complex Nonlinear Systems, in Adaptive Learning Methods for Nonlinear System Modeling, ed. by D. Comminiello, J.C. Pr\u00edncipe (Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 2018), pp. 243\u2013264","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-812976-0.00014-2"},{"key":"1034_CR3","unstructured":"S.C. Douglas, D.P. Mandic, Mean and mean-square analysis of the complex LMS algorithm for non-circular Gaussian signals, in Proceedings of the IEEE Digital Signal Processing Workshop (2009), pp. 101\u2013106"},{"issue":"12","key":"1034_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2863","DOI":"10.1109\/78.476430","volume":"43","author":"SC Douglas","year":"1995","unstructured":"S.C. Douglas, W. Pan, Exact expectation analysis of the LMS adaptive filter. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 43(12), 2863\u20132871 (1995)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"issue":"11","key":"1034_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2005.07.006","volume":"31","author":"SL Goh","year":"2006","unstructured":"S.L. Goh, M. Chen, D. Popovic, K. Aihara, D. Obradovic, D.P. Mandic, Complex-valued forecasting of wind profile. Renew. Energy 31(11), 1733\u20131750 (2006)","journal-title":"Renew. Energy"},{"issue":"10","key":"1034_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2540","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2003.816878","volume":"51","author":"AI Hanna","year":"2003","unstructured":"A.I. Hanna, D.P. Mandic, A fully adaptive normalized nonlinear gradient descent algorithm for complex-valued nonlinear adaptive filters. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 51(10), 2540\u20132549 (2003)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"key":"1034_CR7","volume-title":"Statistical Digital Signal Processing and Modeling","author":"MH Hayes","year":"1996","unstructured":"M.H. Hayes, Statistical Digital Signal Processing and Modeling (Wiley, New York, 1996)"},{"key":"1034_CR8","volume-title":"Adaptive Filter Theory","author":"S Haykin","year":"2002","unstructured":"S. Haykin, Adaptive Filter Theory, fourth edn. (Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 2002)","edition":"fourth"},{"key":"1034_CR9","unstructured":"S. Javidi, M. Pedzisz, S.L. Goh, D.P. Mandic, The augmented complex least mean square algorithm with application to adaptive prediction problems, in Proceedings of the IAPR Workshop on Cognitive Information Processing (2008), pp. 54\u201357"},{"key":"1034_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2014.03.050","volume":"104","author":"C Jahanchahi","year":"2014","unstructured":"C. Jahanchahi, S. Kanna, D.P. Mandic, Complex dual channel estimation: cost effective widely linear adaptive filtering. Signal Process. 104, 33\u201342 (2014)","journal-title":"Signal Process."},{"issue":"1","key":"1034_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s11265-009-0358-z","volume":"61","author":"B Jelfs","year":"2010","unstructured":"B. Jelfs, S. Javidi, P. Vayanos, D.P. Mandic, Characterization of signal modality: exploiting signal nonlinearity in machine learning and signal processing. J. Signal Process. Syst. 61(1), 105\u2013115 (2010)","journal-title":"J. Signal Process. Syst."},{"issue":"2","key":"1034_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2011.07.020","volume":"92","author":"B Jelfs","year":"2012","unstructured":"B. Jelfs, D.P. Mandic, S.C. Douglas, Adaptive approach for the identification of improper complex signal. Signal Process. 92(2), 335\u2013344 (2012)","journal-title":"Signal Process."},{"key":"1034_CR13","unstructured":"B. Jelfs, Y. Xia, D.P. Mandic, S.C. Douglas, Collaborative adaptive filtering in the complex domain, in Proceedings IEEE International Workshop on Machine Learning for Signal Processing (2008), pp. 421\u2013425"},{"issue":"7","key":"1034_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1162\/089976603321891846","volume":"15","author":"T Kim","year":"2003","unstructured":"T. Kim, T. Adali, Approximation by fully complex multilayer perceptron. Neural Comput. 15(7), 1641\u20131666 (2003)","journal-title":"Neural Comput."},{"issue":"11","key":"1034_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aeue.2015.07.009","volume":"69","author":"L Lu","year":"2015","unstructured":"L. Lu, H. Zhao, Z. He, B. Chen, A novel sign adaptation scheme for convex combination of two adaptive filters. AEU\u2013Int. J. Electron. Commun. 69(11), 1590\u20131598 (2015)","journal-title":"AEU\u2013Int. J. Electron. Commun."},{"key":"1034_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470742624","volume-title":"Complex Valued Nonlinear Adaptive Filters: Noncircularity, Widely Linear and Neural Models","author":"DP Mandic","year":"2009","unstructured":"D.P. Mandic, S.L. Goh, Complex Valued Nonlinear Adaptive Filters: Noncircularity, Widely Linear and Neural Models (Wiley, New York, 2009)"},{"key":"1034_CR17","unstructured":"D.P. Mandic, S. Javidi, G. Souretis, S.L. Goh, Why a complex valued solution for a real domain problem, in Proceedings IEEE International Workshop on Machine Learning for Signal Processing (2007), pp. 384\u2013389"},{"issue":"2","key":"1034_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1142\/S0129065708001506","volume":"18","author":"DP Mandic","year":"2008","unstructured":"D.P. Mandic, P. Vayanos, M. Chen, S.L. Goh, Online detection of the modality of complex-valued real-world signals. Int. J. Neural Syst. 18(2), 67\u201374 (2008)","journal-title":"Int. J. Neural Syst."},{"key":"1034_CR19","unstructured":"D.P. Mandic, P. Vayanos, C. Boukis, B. Jelfs, S.L. Goh, T. Gautama, T. Rutkowski, Collaborative adaptive learning using hybrid filters, in Proceeding IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP, vol. 3 (2007), pp. 921\u2013924"},{"issue":"4","key":"1034_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1109\/18.243446","volume":"39","author":"F Neeser","year":"1993","unstructured":"F. Neeser, J. Massey, Proper complex random processes with application to information theory. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 39(4), 1293\u20131302 (1993)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory"},{"issue":"8","key":"1034_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-6080(97)00036-1","volume":"10","author":"T Nitta","year":"1997","unstructured":"T. Nitta, An extension of the back-propagation algorithm to complex number. Neural Netw. 10(8), 1391\u20131415 (1997)","journal-title":"Neural Netw."},{"key":"1034_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2008.2005050","volume":"15","author":"E Ollila","year":"2008","unstructured":"E. Ollila, On the circularity of a complex random variable. IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 15, 841\u2013844 (2008)","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process. Lett."},{"key":"1034_CR23","volume-title":"Random Signals and Systems","author":"B Picinbono","year":"1993","unstructured":"B. Picinbono, Random Signals and Systems (Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 1993)"},{"issue":"12","key":"1034_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3473","DOI":"10.1109\/78.340781","volume":"42","author":"B Picinbono","year":"1994","unstructured":"B. Picinbono, On circularity. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 42(12), 3473\u20133482 (1994)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"key":"1034_CR25","volume-title":"Fundamentals of Adaptive Filtering","author":"AH Sayed","year":"2003","unstructured":"A.H. Sayed, Fundamentals of Adaptive Filtering (Wiley, New york, 2003)"},{"key":"1034_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511815911","volume-title":"Statistical Signal Processing of Complex-Valued Data: The Theory of Improper and Noncircular Signals","author":"PJ Schreier","year":"2010","unstructured":"P.J. Schreier, L.L. Scharf, Statistical Signal Processing of Complex-Valued Data: The Theory of Improper and Noncircular Signals (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2010)"},{"issue":"3","key":"1034_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2002.808085","volume":"51","author":"PJ Schreier","year":"2003","unstructured":"P.J. Schreier, L.L. Scharf, Second-order analysis of improper complex random vectors and processes. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 51(3), 714\u2013725 (2003)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"issue":"1","key":"1034_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2013.2248165","volume":"25","author":"BC Ujang","year":"2014","unstructured":"B.C. Ujang, C.C. Took, D.P. Mandic, Adaptive convex combination approach for the identification of improper quaternion processes. IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. Learn. Syst. 25(1), 172\u2013182 (2014)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. Learn. Syst."},{"key":"1034_CR29","volume-title":"Adaptive Signal Processing","author":"B Widrow","year":"1985","unstructured":"B. Widrow, S. Stearns, Adaptive Signal Processing (Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 1985)"},{"issue":"4","key":"1034_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1109\/PROC.1975.9807","volume":"63","author":"B Widrow","year":"1975","unstructured":"B. Widrow, J. McCool, M. Ball, The complex LMS algorithm. Proc. IEEE 63(4), 719\u2013720 (1975)","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"key":"1034_CR31","unstructured":"Wind Data: \n                    http:\/\/www.commsp.ee.ic.ac.uk\/~mandic\/research\/wind.htm\n                    \n                   (2016). Accessed 26 May 2016"},{"issue":"1","key":"1034_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1109\/TNN.2010.2085444","volume":"22","author":"Y Xia","year":"2011","unstructured":"Y. Xia, B. Jelfs, M.M.V. Hulle, J.C. Principe, D.P. Mandic, An augmented echo state network for nonlinear adaptive filtering of complex noncircular signals. IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. 22(1), 74\u201383 (2011)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Netw."}],"container-title":["Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00034-019-01034-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00034-019-01034-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00034-019-01034-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]],"date-time":"2020-01-24T19:06:44Z","timestamp":1579892804000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00034-019-01034-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,25]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]}},"alternative-id":["1034"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00034-019-01034-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0278-081X","1531-5878"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0278-081X","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-5878","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 August 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 January 2019","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 January 2019","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 January 2019","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}