{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T08:10:14Z","timestamp":1759133414753,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,23]],"date-time":"2019-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558569600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,23]],"date-time":"2019-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Circuits Syst Signal Process"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00034-019-01144-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,23]],"date-time":"2019-05-23T09:04:20Z","timestamp":1558602260000},"page":"789-804","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["3D Facial Expression Recognition Using Multi-channel Deep Learning Framework"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2703-6268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Ramya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"K.","family":"Mala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Selva Nidhyananthan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"1144_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Berretti, A.D. Bimbo, P. Pala, B.B. Amor, M. Daoudi, A set of selected SIFT features for 3D facial expression recognition, in International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), pp. 4125\u20134128 (2010)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2010.1002"},{"issue":"6","key":"1144_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1109\/34.927467","volume":"23","author":"TF Cootes","year":"2001","unstructured":"T.F. Cootes, G.J. Edwards, C.J. Taylor, Active appearance models. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 23(6), 681\u2013685 (2001)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"issue":"1","key":"1144_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1006\/cviu.1995.1004","volume":"61","author":"TF Cootes","year":"1995","unstructured":"T.F. Cootes, C.J. Taylor, D.H. Cooper, J. Graham, Active shape models: their training and application. Comput. Vis. Image Underst. 61(1), 38\u201359 (1995)","journal-title":"Comput. Vis. Image Underst."},{"key":"1144_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Jan, H. Ding, H. Meng, L. Chen, H. Li, Accurate facial parts localization and deep learning for 3D facial expression recognition, in 13th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face & Gesture Recognition, pp. 466\u2013472 (2018)","DOI":"10.1109\/FG.2018.00075"},{"issue":"1","key":"1144_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2012.06.023","volume":"46","author":"Y Lei","year":"2013","unstructured":"Y. Lei, M. Bennamoun, A. El-Sallam, An efficient 3D face recognition approach based on the fusion of novel local low-level features. Pattern Recognit. 46(1), 24\u201337 (2013)","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit."},{"key":"1144_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2015.07.005","volume":"140","author":"H Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"H. Li, H. Ding, D. Huang, Y. Wang, X. Zhao, J.M. Morvan, L. Chen, An efficient multimodal 2D + 3D feature-based approach to automatic facial expression recognition. Comput. Vis. Image Underst. 140, 83\u201392 (2015)","journal-title":"Comput. Vis. Image Underst."},{"key":"1144_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2816","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2017.2713408","volume":"19","author":"H Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"H. Li, J. Sun, Z. Xu, L. Chen, Multimodal 2D+3D facial expression recognition with deep fusion convolutional neural network. IEEE Trans. Multimed. 19, 2816\u20132831 (2017)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Multimed."},{"key":"1144_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"X. Li, Q. Ruan, Y. Ming, 3D facial expression recognition based on basic geometric features, in IEEE 10th International Conference on Signal Processing (ICSP), pp. 1366\u20131369 (2010)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICOSP.2010.5656891"},{"key":"1144_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2011.10.029","volume":"82","author":"X Li","year":"2012","unstructured":"X. Li, Q. Ruan, Y. Ming, A remarkable standard for estimating the performance of 3D facial expression features. Neurocomputing 82, 99\u2013108 (2012)","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"1144_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. Michel, R. El Kaliouby, Real time facial expression recognition in video using support vector machines, in 5th International Conference on Multimodal interfaces (ICMI) (2003)","DOI":"10.1145\/958432.958479"},{"issue":"3","key":"1144_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2008.924598","volume":"3","author":"I Mpiperis","year":"2008","unstructured":"I. Mpiperis, S. Malassiotis, M.G. Strintzis, Bilinear models for 3-D face and facial expression recognition. IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur. 3(3), 498\u2013511 (2008)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur."},{"key":"1144_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/s00034-019-01081-6","volume":"1","author":"D O\u2019Shaughnessy","year":"2019","unstructured":"D. O\u2019Shaughnessy, Recognition and processing of speech signals using neural networks. Circuits Syst. Signal Process. 1, 2 (2019). \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00034-019-01081-6","journal-title":"Circuits Syst. Signal Process."},{"key":"1144_CR13","first-page":"47","volume-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","author":"Arman Savran","year":"2008","unstructured":"A. Savran, N. Aly\u00fcz, H. Dibeklio\u011flu, O. \u00c7eliktutan, B. G\u00f6kberk, B. Sankur, L. Akarun, Bosphorus database for 3D face analysis, in European workshop on Biometrics and Identity Management, pp. 47\u201356 (2008)"},{"key":"1144_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H. Soyel, H. Demirel, Facial expression recognition using 3D facial feature distances, in Proceedings of the International Conference on Image Analysis and Recognition, pp. 831\u2013838 (2007)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-74260-9_74"},{"key":"1144_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2004.12.013","volume":"38","author":"QS Sun","year":"2005","unstructured":"Q.S. Sun, S.G. Zeng, Y. Liu, P.A. Heng, D.S. Xia, A new method of feature fusion and its application in image recognition. Pattern Recognit. 38, 2437\u20132448 (2005)","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit."},{"issue":"3","key":"1144_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCA.2010.2041659","volume":"40","author":"Y Sun","year":"2010","unstructured":"Y. Sun, X. Chen, M. Rosato, L. Yin, Tracking vertex flow and model adaptation for three-dimensional spatiotemporal face analysis. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybernet. Part A Syst. Hum. 40(3), 461\u2013474 (2010)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybernet. Part A Syst. Hum."},{"key":"1144_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2013.11.002","volume":"119","author":"M Taner Eskil","year":"2014","unstructured":"M. Taner Eskil, K.S. Benli, Facial expression recognition based on anatomy. Comput. Vis. Image Underst. 119, 1\u201314 (2014)","journal-title":"Comput. Vis. Image Underst."},{"key":"1144_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H. Tang, T. Huang, 3D facial expression recognition based on properties of line segments connecting facial feature points, in 8th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face & Gesture Recognition, pp. 1\u20136 (2008)","DOI":"10.1109\/AFGR.2008.4813304"},{"issue":"12","key":"1144_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2009.04.007","volume":"30","author":"YV Venkatesh","year":"2009","unstructured":"Y.V. Venkatesh, A.A. Kassim, O.V. Ramana Murthy, A novel approach to classification of facial expressions from 3D-mesh datasets using modified PCA. Pattern Recognit. Lett. 30(12), 1128\u20131137 (2009)","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit. Lett."},{"key":"1144_CR20","first-page":"1399","volume":"2","author":"J Wang","year":"2006","unstructured":"J. Wang, L. Yin, X. Wei, Y. Sun, 3D facial expression recognition based on primitive surface feature distribution. IEEE Comput. Soc. Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recognit. 2, 1399\u20131406 (2006)","journal-title":"IEEE Comput. Soc. Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recognit."},{"issue":"3","key":"1144_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-007-0063-y","volume":"76","author":"Y Wang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Y. Wang, M. Gupta, S. Zhang, S. Wang, X. Gu, D. Samaras, P. Huang, High resolution tracking of non-rigid motion of densely sampled 3D data using harmonic maps. Int. J. Comput. Vis. 76(3), 283\u2013300 (2008)","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Vis."},{"key":"1144_CR22","unstructured":"X. Yang, D. Huang, Y. Wang, L. Chen, Automatic 3D facial expression recognition using geometric scattering representation, in 11th IEEE International Conference and Workshops on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 1\u20136 (2015)"},{"key":"1144_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T. Yun, L. Guan, Human emotion recognition using real 3D visual features from Gabor library, in IEEE International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing (MMSP), pp. 505\u2013510 (2010)","DOI":"10.1109\/MMSP.2010.5662073"},{"key":"1144_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2013.10.026","volume":"38","author":"K Yurtkan","year":"2014","unstructured":"K. Yurtkan, H. Demirel, Feature selection for improved 3D facial expression recognition. Pattern Recognit. Lett. 38, 26\u201333 (2014)","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit. Lett."},{"issue":"3","key":"1144_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2012.10.001","volume":"31","author":"X Zhao","year":"2013","unstructured":"X. Zhao, E. Dellandr\u00e9a, J. Zou, L. Chen, A unified probabilistic framework for automatic 3D facial expression analysis based on a Bayesian belief inference and statistical feature models. Image Vis. Comput. 31(3), 231\u2013245 (2013)","journal-title":"Image Vis. Comput."},{"issue":"1","key":"1144_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2008.52","volume":"31","author":"Z Zeng","year":"2007","unstructured":"Z. Zeng, M. Pantic, G. Roisman, T. Huang, A survey of affect recognition methods: audio, visual, and spontaneous expressions. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 31(1), 39\u201358 (2007)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"issue":"4","key":"1144_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1109\/T-AFFC.2011","volume":"2","author":"L Zhang","year":"2011","unstructured":"L. Zhang, D. Tjondronegoro, Facial expression recognition using facial movement features. IEEE Trans. Affect. Comput. 2(4), 219\u2013229 (2011). \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/T-AFFC.2011","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Affect. Comput."},{"key":"1144_CR28","unstructured":"X. Zhou, H. Seibert, C. Busch, W. Funk, A 3D face recognition algorithm using histogram-based features, in Eurographics Workshop on 3D Object Retrieval (2008)"}],"container-title":["Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00034-019-01144-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00034-019-01144-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00034-019-01144-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,21]],"date-time":"2020-05-21T23:17:29Z","timestamp":1590103049000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00034-019-01144-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,23]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}},"alternative-id":["1144"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00034-019-01144-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0278-081X","1531-5878"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0278-081X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1531-5878"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 January 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 May 2019","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 May 2019","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 May 2019","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}