{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T11:02:11Z","timestamp":1740135731957,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,17]],"date-time":"2019-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568678400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,17]],"date-time":"2019-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Circuits Syst Signal Process"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00034-019-01258-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,17]],"date-time":"2019-09-17T15:03:05Z","timestamp":1568732585000},"page":"2223-2231","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Detection of Frequency Modulated Signals Using a Robust IF Estimation Algorithm"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4977-6075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nabeel Ali","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mokhtar","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"1258_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1687-1499-2013-150","volume":"2013","author":"S Ali","year":"2013","unstructured":"S. Ali, G. Seco-Granados, J.A. Lopez-Salcedo, Spectrum sensing with spatial signatures in the presence of noise uncertainty and shadowing. EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. Netw. 2013, 1\u201316 (2013). \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1687-1499-2013-150","journal-title":"EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. Netw."},{"issue":"1","key":"1258_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1687-6180-2014-160","volume":"2014","author":"S Ali","year":"2014","unstructured":"S. Ali, D. Ram\u00edrez, M. Jansson, G. Seco-Granados, J.A. L\u00f3pez-Salcedo, Multi-antenna spectrum sensing by exploiting spatio-temporal correlation. EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process. 2014(1), 1\u201316 (2014)","journal-title":"EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process."},{"key":"1258_CR3","volume-title":"An Introduction to Multivariate Statistical Analysis","author":"TW Anderson","year":"2003","unstructured":"T.W. Anderson, An Introduction to Multivariate Statistical Analysis, vol. 2, 2nd edn. (Wiley, Hoboken, 2003)","edition":"2"},{"issue":"10","key":"1258_CR4","first-page":"102011","volume":"60","author":"WG Anderson","year":"1999","unstructured":"W.G. Anderson, R. Balasubramanian, Time\u2013frequency detection of gravitational waves. Phys. Rev. D. (Part. Fields Gravit. Cosmol.) 60(10), 102011 (1999)","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. D. (Part. Fields Gravit. Cosmol.)"},{"issue":"3","key":"1258_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2012.2183771","volume":"29","author":"E Axell","year":"2012","unstructured":"E. Axell, G. Leus, E.G. Larsson, H.V. Poor, Spectrum sensing for cognitive radio: state-of-the-art and recent advances. IEEE Signal Process. Mag. 29(3), 101\u2013116 (2012)","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process. Mag."},{"issue":"4","key":"1258_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1109\/5.135378","volume":"80","author":"B Boashash","year":"1992","unstructured":"B. Boashash, Estimating and interpreting the instantaneous frequency of a signal. ii. Algorithms and applications. Proc. IEEE 80(4), 540\u2013568 (1992)","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"issue":"1","key":"1258_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1109\/78.258143","volume":"42","author":"B Boashash","year":"1994","unstructured":"B. Boashash, P. O\u2019Shea, Polynomial Wigner\u2013Ville distributions and their relationship to time-varying higher order spectra. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 42(1), 216\u2013220 (1994)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"issue":"22","key":"1258_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6024","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2017.2731300","volume":"65","author":"S Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"S. Chen, X. Dong, Z. Peng, W. Zhang, G. Meng, Nonlinear chirp mode decomposition: a variational method. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 65(22), 6024\u20136037 (2017)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"issue":"7","key":"1258_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1109\/5.30749","volume":"77","author":"L Cohen","year":"1989","unstructured":"L. Cohen, Time\u2013frequency distributions\u2014a review. Proc. IEEE 77(7), 941\u2013981 (1989)","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"issue":"3","key":"1258_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-spr.2009.0078","volume":"4","author":"M Dakovi\u0107","year":"2010","unstructured":"M. Dakovi\u0107, T. Thayaparan, L. Stankovi\u0107, Time\u2013frequency-based detection of fast manoeuvring targets. IET Signal process. 4(3), 287\u2013297 (2010)","journal-title":"IET Signal process."},{"issue":"3","key":"1258_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2003.12.006","volume":"84","author":"I Djurovi\u0107","year":"2004","unstructured":"I. Djurovi\u0107, L.J. Stankovi\u0107, An algorithm for the wigner distribution based instantaneous frequency estimation in a high noise environment. Signal Process. 84(3), 631\u2013643 (2004)","journal-title":"Signal Process."},{"issue":"9","key":"1258_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2315","DOI":"10.1109\/78.709514","volume":"46","author":"V Katkovnik","year":"1998","unstructured":"V. Katkovnik, L. Stankovic, Instantaneous frequency estimation using the wigner distribution with varying and data-driven window length. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 46(9), 2315\u20132325 (1998)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"issue":"8","key":"1258_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3136","DOI":"10.1007\/s00034-018-0825-5","volume":"37","author":"NA Khan","year":"2018","unstructured":"N.A. Khan, S. Ali, Exploiting temporal correlation for detection of non-stationary signals using a de-chirping method based on time\u2013frequency analysis. Circ. Syst. Signal Process. 37(8), 3136\u20133153 (2018)","journal-title":"Circ. Syst. Signal Process."},{"issue":"3","key":"1258_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1007\/s00034-017-0603-9","volume":"37","author":"NA Khan","year":"2018","unstructured":"N.A. Khan, S. Ali, Sparsity-aware adaptive directional time\u2013frequency distribution for source localization. Circ. Syst. Signal Process. 37(3), 1223\u20131242 (2018)","journal-title":"Circ. Syst. Signal Process."},{"issue":"3","key":"1258_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/s11760-018-1377-7","volume":"13","author":"NA Khan","year":"2018","unstructured":"N.A. Khan, M. Mohammadi, S. Ali, Instantaneous frequency estimation of intersecting and close multi-component signals with varying amplitudes. Signal Image Video Process. 13(3), 517\u2013524 (2018)","journal-title":"Signal Image Video Process."},{"issue":"5","key":"1258_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2227","DOI":"10.1007\/s00034-018-0960-z","volume":"38","author":"NA Khan","year":"2018","unstructured":"N.A. Khan, M. Mohammadi, I. Djurovi\u0107, A modified Viterbi algorithm-based if estimation algorithm for adaptive directional time\u2013frequency distributions. Circuits Syst. Signal Process. 38(5), 2227\u20132244 (2018)","journal-title":"Circuits Syst. Signal Process."},{"issue":"10","key":"1258_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2964","DOI":"10.1109\/78.869059","volume":"48","author":"HK Kwok","year":"2000","unstructured":"H.K. Kwok, D.L. Jones, Improved instantaneous frequency estimation using an adaptive short-time fourier transform. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 48(10), 2964\u20132972 (2000)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"issue":"11","key":"1258_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2009.2027651","volume":"16","author":"J Lerga","year":"2009","unstructured":"J. Lerga, V. Sucic, Nonlinear if estimation based on the pseudo WVD adapted using the improved sliding pairwise ICI rule. IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 16(11), 953\u2013956 (2009)","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process. Lett."},{"issue":"6","key":"1258_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2010.09.003","volume":"91","author":"X Li","year":"2011","unstructured":"X. Li, G. Bi, S. Stankovic, A.M. Zoubir, Local polynomial fourier transform: a review on recent developments and applications. Signal Process. 91(6), 1370\u20131393 (2011)","journal-title":"Signal Process."},{"issue":"8","key":"1258_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2093","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2017.2656838","volume":"65","author":"S Meignen","year":"2017","unstructured":"S. Meignen, D.-H. Pham, S. McLaughlin, On demodulation, ridge detection, and synchrosqueezing for multicomponent signals. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 65(8), 2093\u20132103 (2017)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"issue":"7","key":"1258_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1007\/s11760-016-0901-x","volume":"10","author":"M Mohammadi","year":"2016","unstructured":"M. Mohammadi, A.A. Pouyan, N.A. Khan, A highly adaptive directional time\u2013frequency distribution. Signal Image Video Process. 10(7), 1369\u20131376 (2016)","journal-title":"Signal Image Video Process."},{"key":"1258_CR22","unstructured":"S.J. Shellhammer, S. Shankar, R. Tandra, J. Tomcik, Performance of power detector sensors of DTV signals in IEEE 802.22 WRANs, in Proceedings of 1st International Workshop on Technology and Policy for Accessing Spectrum (TAPAS), (2006), pp. 4\u201313"},{"issue":"5","key":"1258_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2007.909322","volume":"56","author":"P-L Shui","year":"2008","unstructured":"P.-L. Shui, Z. Bao, S. Hong-Tao, Nonparametric detection of fm signals using time\u2013frequency ridge energy. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 56(5), 1749\u20131760 (2008)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"key":"1258_CR24","unstructured":"L.J. Stankovic, I. Djurovic, A. Ohsumi, H. Ijima, Instantaneous frequency estimation by using Wigner distribution and Viterbi algorithm, in 2003 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Proceedings of ICASSP\u201903, vol. 6, (IEEE, 2003), p. VI\u2013121"},{"issue":"7","key":"1258_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1109\/97.311805","volume":"1","author":"L Stankovic","year":"1994","unstructured":"L. Stankovic, A multitime definition of the wigner higher order distribution: L-wigner distribution. IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 1(7), 106\u2013109 (1994)","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process. Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"1258_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(97)00086-8","volume":"59","author":"L Stankovi\u0107","year":"1997","unstructured":"L. Stankovi\u0107, Local polynomial wigner distribution. Signal Process. 59(1), 123\u2013128 (1997)","journal-title":"Signal Process."},{"issue":"11","key":"1258_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2459","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(03)00197-X","volume":"83","author":"LJ Stankovi\u0107","year":"2003","unstructured":"L.J. Stankovi\u0107, T. Alieva, M.J. Bastiaans, Time\u2013frequency signal analysis based on the windowed fractional fourier transform. Signal Process. 83(11), 2459\u20132468 (2003)","journal-title":"Signal Process."},{"issue":"1","key":"1258_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2007.914879","volume":"2","author":"R Tandra","year":"2008","unstructured":"R. Tandra, A. Sahai, SNR walls for signal detection. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Signal Process. 2(1), 17\u201324 (2008)","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Signal Process."},{"key":"1258_CR29","unstructured":"E. Visotsky, S. Kuffner, R. Peterson, On collaborative detection of TV transmissions in support of dynamic spectrum sharing, in Proceedings of 1st IEEE DySPAN, (2005), pp. 338\u2013345"},{"key":"1258_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. Wang, H. Li, B. Himed, Instantaneous frequency estimation of polynomial phase signals using local polynomial Wigner\u2013Ville distribution, in 2010 International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications, (IEEE, 2010), pp. 184\u2013187","DOI":"10.1109\/ICEAA.2010.5652980"},{"issue":"1","key":"1258_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2013.2276393","volume":"62","author":"S Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"S. Wang, X. Chen, G. Cai, B. Chen, X. Li, Z. He, Matching demodulation transform and synchrosqueezing in time\u2013frequency analysis. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 62(1), 69\u201384 (2014)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"key":"1258_CR32","unstructured":"W. Yang, G. Durisiand, V.I. Morgenshtern, E. Riegler, Capacity pre-log of SIMO correlated block-fading channels, in 8th International Symposium Wireless Communication Systems (ISWCS), (2011), pp. 869 \u2013873"},{"key":"1258_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y. Zeng, Y.-C. Liang, A.T. Hoang, R. Zhang, A review on spectrum sensing for cognitive radio: challenges and solutions. EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process. 2:2\u20132:2 (2010)","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/381465"},{"issue":"6","key":"1258_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1784","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2009.06.070402","volume":"57","author":"Y Zeng","year":"2009","unstructured":"Y. Zeng, Y. Liang, Eigenvalue-based spectrum sensing algorithms for cognitive radio. IEEE Trans. Commun. 57(6), 1784\u20131793 (2009)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Commun."},{"issue":"4","key":"1258_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1804","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2008.20052675","volume":"58","author":"Y Zeng","year":"2009","unstructured":"Y. Zeng, Y.-C. Liang, Spectrum-sensing algorithms for cognitive radio based on statistical covariances. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 58(4), 1804\u20131815 (2009). \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TVT.2008.20052675","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."}],"container-title":["Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00034-019-01258-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00034-019-01258-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00034-019-01258-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]],"date-time":"2020-09-15T23:05:56Z","timestamp":1600211156000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00034-019-01258-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,17]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}},"alternative-id":["1258"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00034-019-01258-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0278-081X","1531-5878"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0278-081X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1531-5878"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 April 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 September 2019","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 September 2019","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 September 2019","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}