{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T12:05:11Z","timestamp":1767182711301,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]],"date-time":"2021-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]],"date-time":"2021-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Circuits Syst Signal Process"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00034-021-01655-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T10:10:36Z","timestamp":1613729436000},"page":"3929-3967","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["A Novel Contrast Enhancement Technique using Gradient-Based Joint Histogram Equalization"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5567-4019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D.","family":"Vijayalakshmi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1959-6452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malaya Kumar","family":"Nath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"1655_CR1","unstructured":"S. Agrawal, R. Panda, P. Mishro, A. Abraham, A novel joint histogram equalization based image contrast enhancement. J. King Saud Univ. Comput. Inf. Sci. (2019)"},{"key":"1655_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F. Albu, Linear prediction based image enhancement method, in 2015 IEEE 5th International Conference on Consumer Electronics-Berlin (ICCE-Berlin), pp. 496\u2013499 (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCE-Berlin.2015.7391320"},{"key":"1655_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F. Albu, C. Vertan, C. Florea, A. Drimbarean, One scan shadow compensation and visual enhancement of color images, in 2009 16th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), pp. 3133\u20133136 (2009)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2009.5414437"},{"issue":"4","key":"1655_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOM.1983.1095851","volume":"31","author":"P Burt","year":"1983","unstructured":"P. Burt, E. Adelson, The Laplacian pyramid as a compact image code. IEEE Trans. Commun. 31(4), 532\u2013540 (1983)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Commun."},{"issue":"3","key":"1655_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-ipr.2017.0789","volume":"12","author":"G Cao","year":"2018","unstructured":"G. Cao, H. Tian, L. Yu, X. Huang, Y. Wang, Acceleration of histogram-based contrast enhancement via selective downsampling. IET Image Proc. 12(3), 447\u2013452 (2018)","journal-title":"IET Image Proc."},{"issue":"10","key":"1655_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2012.03.019","volume":"45","author":"T Celik","year":"2012","unstructured":"T. Celik, Two-dimensional histogram equalization and contrast enhancement. Pattern Recogn. 45(10), 3810\u20133824 (2012)","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn."},{"issue":"12","key":"1655_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5298","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2014.2364537","volume":"23","author":"T Celik","year":"2014","unstructured":"T. Celik, Spatial entropy-based global and local image contrast enhancement. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 23(12), 5298\u20135308 (2014)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"issue":"16","key":"1655_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1080\/09500340.2016.1163427","volume":"63","author":"T Celik","year":"2016","unstructured":"T. Celik, H.C. Li, Residual spatial entropy-based image contrast enhancement and gradient-based relative contrast measurement. J. Mod. Opt. 63(16), 1600\u20131617 (2016)","journal-title":"J. Mod. Opt."},{"issue":"4","key":"1655_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1109\/TCE.2003.1261234","volume":"49","author":"SD Chen","year":"2003","unstructured":"S.D. Chen, A.R. Ramli, Minimum mean brightness error bi-histogram equalization in contrast enhancement. IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron. 49(4), 1310\u20131319 (2003)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron."},{"issue":"15","key":"1655_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3914","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2015.2436357","volume":"63","author":"A Daneshmand","year":"2015","unstructured":"A. Daneshmand, F. Facchinei, V. Kungurtsev, G. Scutari, Hybrid random\/deterministic parallel algorithms for convex and nonconvex big data optimization. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 63(15), 3914\u20133929 (2015)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"key":"1655_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"I. Dassios, D. Baleanu, Optimal solutions for singular linear systems of Caputo fractional differential equations, in Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences, pp. 1\u201313 (2018)","DOI":"10.1002\/mma.5410"},{"issue":"6","key":"1655_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A2783","DOI":"10.1137\/141002062","volume":"37","author":"I Dassios","year":"2015","unstructured":"I. Dassios, K. Fountoulakis, J. Gondzio, A preconditioner for a primal-dual newton conjugate gradient method for compressed sensing problems. SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 37(6), A2783\u2013A2812 (2015)","journal-title":"SIAM J. Sci. Comput."},{"issue":"2","key":"1655_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.3390\/sym11020136","volume":"11","author":"IK Dassios","year":"2019","unstructured":"I.K. Dassios, Analytic loss minimization: theoretical framework of a second order optimization method. Symmetry 11(2), 136 (2019)","journal-title":"Symmetry"},{"key":"1655_CR14","first-page":"113","volume":"11","author":"V Dhurairajan","year":"2018","unstructured":"V. Dhurairajan, T.S. Kumari, C.A. Bhavani, Low contrast image enhancement using Renyi entropy. Sci. Technol. Res. Inst. Defence (STRIDE) 11, 113\u2013122 (2018)","journal-title":"Sci. Technol. Res. Inst. Defence (STRIDE)"},{"issue":"14","key":"1655_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1912","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-cta.2019.1316","volume":"14","author":"X Dong","year":"2020","unstructured":"X. Dong, S. He, V. Stojanovic, Robust fault detection filter design for a class of discrete-time conic-type non-linear Markov jump systems with jump fault signals. IET Control Theory Appl. 14(14), 1912\u20131919 (2020)","journal-title":"IET Control Theory Appl."},{"key":"1655_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C. Florea, F. Albu, C. Vertan, A. Drimbarean, Logarithmic tools for in-camera image processing. In IET Irish Signals and Systems Conference (ISSC 2008), pp. 394\u2013399 (2008)","DOI":"10.1049\/cp:20080694"},{"key":"1655_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3384","DOI":"10.1007\/s00034-018-01021-w","volume":"38","author":"U Goel","year":"2019","unstructured":"U. Goel, B. Gupta, M. Tiwari, An efficient approach to restore naturalness of non-uniform illumination images. Circuits Syst. Signal Process. 38, 3384\u20133398 (2019)","journal-title":"Circuits Syst. Signal Process."},{"issue":"1","key":"1655_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2818.1988.tb04559.x","volume":"149","author":"M Jourlin","year":"1988","unstructured":"M. Jourlin, J.C. Pinoli, A model for logarithmic image processing. J. Microsc. 149(1), 21\u201335 (1988)","journal-title":"J. Microsc."},{"key":"1655_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1007\/s11045-019-00633-y","volume":"30","author":"P Kandhway","year":"2019","unstructured":"P. Kandhway, A.K. Bhandari, An optimal adaptive thresholding based sub-histogram equalization for brightness preserving image contrast enhancement. Multidimension. Syst. Signal Process. 30, 1859\u20131894 (2019)","journal-title":"Multidimension. Syst. Signal Process."},{"issue":"1\u201314","key":"1655_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2019.101677","volume":"56","author":"P Kandhway","year":"2020","unstructured":"P. Kandhway, A.K. Bhandari, A. Singh, A novel reformed histogram equalization based medical image contrast enhancement using krill herd optimization. Biomed. Signal Process. Control 56(1\u201314), 101677 (2020)","journal-title":"Biomed. Signal Process. Control"},{"issue":"20","key":"1655_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26919","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-018-5894-8","volume":"77","author":"S Kansal","year":"2018","unstructured":"S. Kansal, S. Purwar, R.K. Tripathi, Image contrast enhancement using unsharp masking and histogram equalization. Multimedia Tools Appl. 77(20), 26919\u201326938 (2018)","journal-title":"Multimedia Tools Appl."},{"issue":"3","key":"1655_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2013.08.005","volume":"125","author":"MF Khan","year":"2014","unstructured":"M.F. Khan, E. Khan, Z. Abbasi, Segment selective dynamic histogram equalization for brightness preserving contrast enhancement of images. Optik 125(3), 1385\u20131389 (2014)","journal-title":"Optik"},{"issue":"1","key":"1655_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/TCE.2002.1010085","volume":"43","author":"YT Kim","year":"1997","unstructured":"Y.T. Kim, Contrast enhancement using brightness preserving bi-histogram equalization. IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron. 43(1), 1\u20138 (1997)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron."},{"key":"1655_CR24","unstructured":"Kodak: Kodak database. http:\/\/r0k.us\/graphics\/kodak\/"},{"issue":"1","key":"1655_CR25","first-page":"1","volume":"19","author":"E Larson","year":"2010","unstructured":"E. Larson, D. Chandler, Most apparent distortion: full-reference image quality assessment and the role of strategy. J. Electron. Imaging 19(1), 1\u201321 (2010)","journal-title":"J. Electron. Imaging"},{"issue":"12","key":"1655_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5372","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2013.2284059","volume":"22","author":"C Lee","year":"2013","unstructured":"C. Lee, C. Lee, C. Kim, Contrast enhancement based on layered difference representation of 2D histograms. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 22(12), 5372\u20135384 (2013)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"issue":"4","key":"1655_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1109\/MGRS.2019.2921780","volume":"7","author":"X Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"X. Li, R. Feng, X. Guan, H. Shen, L. Zhang, Remote sensing image mosaicking: achievements and challenges. IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Mag. 7(4), 8\u201322 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Mag."},{"key":"1655_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2015.09.009","volume":"109","author":"X Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"X. Li, N. Hui, H. Shen, Y. Fu, L. Zhang, A robust mosaicking procedure for high spatial resolution remote sensing images. ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. 109, 108\u2013125 (2015)","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"issue":"3","key":"1655_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1007\/s11760-013-0500-z","volume":"9","author":"SH Lim","year":"2015","unstructured":"S.H. Lim, N.A.M. Isa, C.H. Ooi, K.K.V. Toh, A new histogram equalization method for digital image enhancement and brightness preservation. SIViP 9(3), 675\u2013689 (2015)","journal-title":"SIViP"},{"key":"1655_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvcir.2018.12.037","volume":"58","author":"J Mun","year":"2019","unstructured":"J. Mun, Y. Jang, Y. Nam, J. Kim, Edge-enhancing bi-histogram equalisation using guided image filter. J. Vis. Commun. Image Represent. 58, 688\u2013700 (2019)","journal-title":"J. Vis. Commun. Image Represent."},{"key":"1655_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1002\/ima.22017","volume":"22","author":"MK Nath","year":"2012","unstructured":"M.K. Nath, S. Dandapat, Differential entropy in wavelet sub-band for assessment of glaucoma. Int. J. Imaging Syst. Technol. 22, 161\u2013165 (2012)","journal-title":"Int. J. Imaging Syst. Technol."},{"key":"1655_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2016.04.010","volume":"358","author":"T Ni","year":"2016","unstructured":"T. Ni, J. Zhai, A matrix-free smoothing algorithm for large-scale support vector machines. Inf. Sci. 358, 29\u201343 (2016)","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"1655_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2072","DOI":"10.1109\/TCE.2009.5373771","volume":"55","author":"CH Ooi","year":"2009","unstructured":"C.H. Ooi, N.S.P. Kong, H. Ibrahim, Bi-histogram equalization with a plateau limit for digital image enhancement. IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron. 55(4), 2072\u20132080 (2009)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron."},{"issue":"03","key":"1655_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1007\/s005300050125","volume":"07","author":"G Pass","year":"1999","unstructured":"G. Pass, R. Zabih, Comparing images using joint histograms. Multimedia Syst. 07(03), 234\u2013240 (1999)","journal-title":"Multimedia Syst."},{"key":"1655_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3227","DOI":"10.1007\/s00034-018-1013-3","volume":"38","author":"ME Reddy","year":"2019","unstructured":"M.E. Reddy, G.R. Reddy, Recursive median and mean partitioned one-to-one gray level mapping transformations for image enhancement. Circuits Syst. Signal Process. 38, 3227\u20133250 (2019)","journal-title":"Circuits Syst. Signal Process."},{"issue":"3","key":"1655_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x","volume":"27","author":"CE Shannon","year":"1948","unstructured":"C.E. Shannon, A mathematical theory of communication. Bell Syst. Tech. J. 27(3), 379\u2013423 (1948)","journal-title":"Bell Syst. Tech. J."},{"key":"1655_CR37","volume-title":"Handbook of Parametric and Nonparametric Statistical Procedures","author":"DJ Sheskin","year":"2007","unstructured":"D.J. Sheskin, Handbook of Parametric and Nonparametric Statistical Procedures, 4th edn. (Chapman and Hall\/CRC, Cambridge, 2007)","edition":"4"},{"issue":"9","key":"1655_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2015.2399612","volume":"22","author":"J Shin","year":"2015","unstructured":"J. Shin, R. Park, Histogram-based locality-preserving contrast enhancement. IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 22(9), 1293\u20131296 (2015)","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process. Lett."},{"issue":"10","key":"1655_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2007.02.003","volume":"28","author":"K Sim","year":"2007","unstructured":"K. Sim, C. Tso, Y. Tan, Recursive sub-image histogram equalization applied to gray scale images. Pattern Recogn. Lett. 28(10), 1209\u20131221 (2007)","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn. Lett."},{"key":"1655_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2013.08.024","volume":"36","author":"K Singh","year":"2014","unstructured":"K. Singh, R. Kapoor, Image enhancement using exposure based sub image histogram equalization. Pattern Recogn. Lett. 36, 10\u201314 (2014)","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn. Lett."},{"issue":"3","key":"1655_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2299","DOI":"10.1007\/s11071-020-05616-4","volume":"100","author":"V Stojanovic","year":"2020","unstructured":"V. Stojanovic, D. Prsic, Robust identification for fault detection in the presence of non-Gaussian noises: application to hydraulic servo drives. Nonlinear Dyn. 100(3), 2299\u20132313 (2020)","journal-title":"Nonlinear Dyn."},{"issue":"8","key":"1655_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2014.05.017","volume":"40","author":"JR Tang","year":"2014","unstructured":"J.R. Tang, N.A.M. Isa, Adaptive image enhancement based on bi-histogram equalization with a clipping limit. Comput. Electr. Eng. 40(8), 86\u2013103 (2014)","journal-title":"Comput. Electr. Eng."},{"issue":"11","key":"1655_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfranklin.2020.04.024","volume":"357","author":"H Tao","year":"2020","unstructured":"H. Tao, P. Wang, Y. Chen, V. Stojanovic, H. Yang, An unsupervised fault diagnosis method for rolling bearing using STFT and generative neural networks. J. Franklin Inst. 357(11), 7286\u20137307 (2020)","journal-title":"J. Franklin Inst."},{"key":"1655_CR44","unstructured":"USC: Usc-sipi database. http:\/\/sipi.usc.edu\/database\/"},{"issue":"1\u201311","key":"1655_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2020.106077","volume":"89","author":"M Veluchamy","year":"2020","unstructured":"M. Veluchamy, B. Subramani, Fuzzy dissimilarity color histogram equalization for contrast enhancement and color correction. Appl. Soft Comput. 89(1\u201311), 106077 (2020)","journal-title":"Appl. Soft Comput."},{"key":"1655_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1007\/s11220-020-00305-3","volume":"21","author":"D Vijayalakshmi","year":"2020","unstructured":"D. Vijayalakshmi, M.K. Nath, O.P. Acharya, A comprehensive survey on image contrast enhancement techniques in spatial domain. Sens. Imaging 21, 40 (2020)","journal-title":"Sens. Imaging"},{"issue":"4","key":"1655_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1007\/s11760-017-1208-2","volume":"12","author":"X Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"X. Wang, L. Chen, Contrast enhancement using feature-preserving bi-histogram equalization. SIViP 12(4), 685\u2013692 (2018)","journal-title":"SIViP"},{"issue":"1","key":"1655_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1109\/30.754419","volume":"45","author":"Y Wang","year":"1999","unstructured":"Y. Wang, Q. Chen, B. Zhang, Image enhancement based on equal area dualistic sub-image histogram equalization method. IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron. 45(1), 68\u201375 (1999)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron."},{"issue":"4","key":"1655_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2003.819861","volume":"13","author":"Z Wang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Z. Wang, A.C. Bovik, H.R. Sheikh, E.P. Simoncelli, Image quality assessment: from error visibility to structural similarity. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 13(4), 600\u2013612 (2004)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"1655_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"X. Wu, X. Liu, K. Hiramatsu, K. Kashino, Contrast-accumulated histogram equalization for image enhancement, in 2017 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), pp. 3190\u20133194 (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2017.8296871"},{"key":"1655_CR51","unstructured":"P. Zeng, H. Dong, J. Chi, X. Xu, An approach for wavelet based image enhancement, in 2004 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics, pp. 574\u2013577 (2004)"}],"container-title":["Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00034-021-01655-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00034-021-01655-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00034-021-01655-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,29]],"date-time":"2023-01-29T11:07:16Z","timestamp":1674990436000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00034-021-01655-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["1655"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00034-021-01655-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0278-081X","1531-5878"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0278-081X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1531-5878"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 August 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 January 2021","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 January 2021","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 February 2021","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest to report.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}