{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T11:48:06Z","timestamp":1778672886592,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,25]],"date-time":"2022-12-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671926400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,25]],"date-time":"2022-12-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Circuits Syst Signal Process"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00034-022-02269-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,24]],"date-time":"2022-12-24T22:03:30Z","timestamp":1671919410000},"page":"3072-3093","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Particle-Velocity Coarray Augmentation for Direction Finding with Acoustic Vector Sensors"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Ting","family":"Shu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6929-6354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trieu-Kien","family":"Truong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2269_CR1","unstructured":"H.-E. de Bree, J. Wind, P. de Theije, Detection, localization and tracking of aircraft using acoustic vector sensors, in International Noise 2011 Proceedings, Osaka, pp. 1112\u20131116 (2011)"},{"key":"2269_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H.-E. De Bree, J. W. Wind, The acoustic vector sensor: A versatile battlefield acoustics sensor. Ground\/Air Multisensor Interoperability, Integr., Netw. Persistent ISR II, Int. Soc. Optics Photon. 80470C (2011)","DOI":"10.1117\/12.884681"},{"key":"2269_CR3","volume-title":"Waves in Layered Media","author":"LM Brekhovskikh","year":"1980","unstructured":"L.M. Brekhovskikh, Waves in Layered Media, 2nd edn. (Academic, New York, 1980)","edition":"2"},{"issue":"7","key":"2269_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1109\/78.599939","volume":"45","author":"Y-M Chen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Y.-M. Chen, On spatial smoothing for two-dimensional direction-of arrival estimation of coherent signals. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 45(7), 1689\u20131696 (1997)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"issue":"3","key":"2269_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1049\/ip-rsn:20040651","volume":"151","author":"H Chen","year":"2004","unstructured":"H. Chen, J. Zhao, Wideband MVDR beamforming for acoustic vector sensor linear array. IEE Proc. Radar Sonar Navig. 151(3), 158\u2013162 (2004)","journal-title":"IEE Proc. Radar Sonar Navig."},{"key":"2269_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C.W. Clark, M.L. Tasker, M. Ferguson, J.P. Hartley, I. Fletcher, A. Whitehead, A.A. Duff, J.F. Appelbee, C. Pickton, J. Spink, C. MacDuff-Duncan, S.J. Knight, A.H. Walls, A. Onder, J. Urbanus, I. Buchanan, in Proceedings of SPE\/UKOOA European Environment Conference Aberdeen, U.K., Monitoring the occurrence of large whales off north and west Scotland using passive acoustic arrays (1997), pp. 23\u201329","DOI":"10.2118\/37831-MS"},{"issue":"1","key":"2269_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177704250","volume":"34","author":"NR Goodman","year":"1963","unstructured":"N.R. Goodman, Statistical analysis based on a certain multivariate complex Gaussian distribution (An introduction). Ann. Math. Stat. 34(1), 152\u2013177 (1963)","journal-title":"Ann. Math. Stat."},{"issue":"10","key":"2269_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2542","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2014.2314437","volume":"62","author":"K Han","year":"2014","unstructured":"K. Han, A. Nehorai, Nested vector-sensor array processing via tensor modeling. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 62(10), 2542\u20132553 (2014)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"issue":"1","key":"2269_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1109\/48.740154","volume":"24","author":"M Hawkes","year":"1999","unstructured":"M. Hawkes, A. Nehorai, Effects of sensor placement on acoustic vector-sensor array performance. IEEE J. Oceanic Eng. 24(1), 33\u201340 (1999)","journal-title":"IEEE J. Oceanic Eng."},{"key":"2269_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Hawkes, A. Nehorai, Battlefield target localization using acoustic vector sensors and distributed processing, in Proceedings of Meeting IRIS Specialty Group Battlefield Acoustics Seismics, Laurel (1999), pp. 111\u2013128","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA387623"},{"issue":"11","key":"2269_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2981","DOI":"10.1109\/78.875455","volume":"48","author":"M Hawkes","year":"2000","unstructured":"M. Hawkes, A. Nehorai, Acoustic vector-sensor processing in the presence of a reflecting boundary. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 48(11), 2981\u20132993 (2000)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"issue":"4","key":"2269_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2324","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2021.3057682","volume":"57","author":"J He","year":"2021","unstructured":"J. He, L. Li, T. Shu, Sparse nested arrays with spatially spread square acoustic vector sensors for high-accuracy underdetermined direction finding. IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. 57(4), 2324\u20132336 (2021)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst."},{"issue":"4","key":"2269_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2337","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2021.3054056","volume":"57","author":"J He","year":"2021","unstructured":"J. He, L. Li, T. Shu, Sparse nested arrays with spatially spread orthogonal dipoles: high accuracy passive direction finding with less mutual coupling. IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. 57(4), 2337\u20132345 (2021)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron."},{"issue":"10","key":"2269_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2008.04.010","volume":"88","author":"J He","year":"2008","unstructured":"J. He, Z. Liu, Two-dimensional direction finding of acoustic sources by a vector sensor array using the propagator method. Signal Process. 88(10), 2492\u20132499 (2008)","journal-title":"Signal Process."},{"key":"2269_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2009.03.008","volume":"89","author":"J He","year":"2009","unstructured":"J. He, Z. Liu, Efficient underwater two-dimensional coherent source localization with linear vector hydrophone array. Signal Process. 89, 1715\u20131722 (2009)","journal-title":"Signal Process."},{"issue":"2","key":"2269_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2019.2921194","volume":"56","author":"J He","year":"2020","unstructured":"J. He, Z. Zhang, C. Gu, T. Shu, W. Yu, Cumulant-based 2-D direction estimation using an acoustic vector sensor array. IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. 56(2), 956\u2013971 (2020)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst."},{"issue":"2","key":"2269_CR17","first-page":"167","volume":"30","author":"C Khatri","year":"1968","unstructured":"C. Khatri, C.R. Rao, Solutions to some functional equations and their applications to characterization of probability distributions. J. Stat. A. 30(2), 167\u2013180 (1968)","journal-title":"J. Stat. A."},{"key":"2269_CR18","first-page":"3","volume":"26","author":"J Li","year":"1998","unstructured":"J. Li, M. Hodgson, Development and evaluation of equivalent-fluid approximations for sea-bottom sound reflection. Canad. Acoust. 26, 3\u201311 (1998)","journal-title":"Canad. Acoust."},{"key":"2269_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2021.103294","volume":"120","author":"L Liang","year":"2022","unstructured":"L. Liang, Y. Shi, Y. Shi, Z. Bai, W. He, Two-dimensional DOA estimation method of acoustic vector sensor array based on sparse recovery. Digital Signal Process. 120, 103294 (2022)","journal-title":"Digital Signal Process."},{"issue":"9","key":"2269_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2015.2409153","volume":"22","author":"CL Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"C.L. Liu, P.P. Vaidyanathan, Remarks on the spatial smoothing step in coarray MUSIC. IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 22(9), 1438\u20131442 (2015)","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process. Lett."},{"issue":"3","key":"2269_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4976091","volume":"141","author":"KW Lo","year":"2017","unstructured":"K.W. Lo, Flight parameter estimation using instantaneous frequency and direction of arrival measurements from a single acoustic sensor node. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 141(3), 1332\u20131348 (2017)","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"issue":"2","key":"2269_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.1968.1139138","volume":"16","author":"A Moffet","year":"1968","unstructured":"A. Moffet, Minimum-redundancy linear arrays. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 16(2), 172\u2013175 (1968)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag."},{"issue":"9","key":"2269_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2481","DOI":"10.1109\/78.317869","volume":"42","author":"A Nehorai","year":"1994","unstructured":"A. Nehorai, E. Paldi, Acoustic vector-sensor array processing. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 42(9), 2481\u20132491 (1994)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"issue":"8","key":"2269_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4167","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2010.2049264","volume":"58","author":"P Pal","year":"2010","unstructured":"P. Pal, P.P. Vaidyanathan, Nested array: a novel approach to array processing with enhanced degrees of freedom. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 58(8), 4167\u20134181 (2010)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"issue":"1","key":"2269_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2011.05.021","volume":"92","author":"P Palanisamy","year":"2012","unstructured":"P. Palanisamy, N. Kalyanasundaram, P.M. Swetha, Two dimensional DOA estimation of coherent signals using acoustic vector sensor array. Signal Process. 92(1), 19\u201328 (2012)","journal-title":"Signal Process."},{"issue":"10","key":"2269_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1109\/PROC.1985.13324","volume":"73","author":"SU Pillai","year":"1985","unstructured":"S.U. Pillai, Y. Bar-Ness, F. Haber, A new approach to array geometry for improved spatial spectrum estimation. Proc. IEEE 73(10), 1522\u20131524 (1985)","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"issue":"6","key":"2269_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2015.2393838","volume":"63","author":"S Qin","year":"2015","unstructured":"S. Qin, Y. Zhang, M. Amin, Generalized coprime array configurations for direction-of-arrival estimation. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 63(6), 1377\u20131390 (2015)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"key":"2269_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Roy, T. Kailath, ESPRIT-estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques. IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process. 37(7), 984-995 (1989)","DOI":"10.1109\/29.32276"},{"issue":"3","key":"2269_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.1986.1143830","volume":"34","author":"RO Schmidt","year":"1986","unstructured":"R.O. Schmidt, Multiple emitter location and signal parameter estimation. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 34(3), 276\u2013280 (1986)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag."},{"key":"2269_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apacoust.2018.12.014","volume":"148","author":"SG Shi","year":"2019","unstructured":"S.G. Shi, Y. Li, Z.R. Zhu, J. Shi, Real-valued robust DOA estimation method for uniform circular acoustic vector sensor arrays based on worstcase performance optimization. Appl. Acoust. 148, 495\u2013502 (2019)","journal-title":"Appl. Acoust."},{"issue":"3","key":"2269_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1109\/JOE.2011.2133050","volume":"36","author":"A Song","year":"2011","unstructured":"A. Song, A. Abdi, M. Badiey, P. Hursky, Experimental demonstration of underwater acoustic communication by vector sensors. IEEE J. Oceanic Eng. 36(3), 454\u2013461 (2011)","journal-title":"IEEE J. Oceanic Eng."},{"issue":"8","key":"2269_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2007.900963","volume":"7","author":"J Tao","year":"2007","unstructured":"J. Tao, W. Chang, W. Cui, Vector field smoothing for DOA estimation of coherent underwater acoustic signals in presence of a reflecting boundary. IEEE Sensors J. 7(8), 1152\u20131158 (2007)","journal-title":"IEEE Sensors J."},{"issue":"2","key":"2269_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2010.2089682","volume":"59","author":"PP Vaidyanathan","year":"2011","unstructured":"P.P. Vaidyanathan, P. Pal, Sparse sensing with co-prime samplers and arrays. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 59(2), 573\u2013586 (2011)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"key":"2269_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2020.3043814","volume":"69","author":"A Weiss","year":"2021","unstructured":"A. Weiss, Blind Direction-of-Arrival estimation in acoustic vector-sensor arrays via tensor decomposition and Kullback-leibler divergence covariance fitting. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 69, 531\u2013545 (2021)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"issue":"4","key":"2269_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1109\/48.650832","volume":"22","author":"KT Wong","year":"1997","unstructured":"K.T. Wong, M.D. Zoltowski, Extended-aperture underwater acoustic multi-source azimuth\/elevation direction-finding using uniformly but sparsely spaced vector hydrophones. IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. 22(4), 659\u2013672 (1997)","journal-title":"IEEE J. Ocean. Eng."},{"issue":"12","key":"2269_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3250","DOI":"10.1109\/78.806070","volume":"47","author":"KT Wong","year":"1999","unstructured":"K.T. Wong, M.D. Zoltowski, Root-MUSIC-based azimuth-elevation angle-of-arrival estimation with uniformly spaced but arbitrarily oriented velocity hydrophones. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 47(12), 3250\u2013260 (1999)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"key":"2269_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1007\/s00034-007-9003-x","volume":"26","author":"Y Xu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Y. Xu, Z. Liu, Frequency-azimuth-elevation determination with a single acoustic vector-sensor involved in a reflecting boundary. Circuits Syst. Signal Process. 26, 875\u2013895 (2007)","journal-title":"Circuits Syst. Signal Process."},{"issue":"2","key":"2269_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2151797","volume":"119","author":"DR Yntema","year":"2006","unstructured":"D.R. Yntema, W. Druyvesteyn, M. Elwenspoek, A four particle velocity sensor device. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 119(2), 943\u2013951 (2006)","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"issue":"22","key":"2269_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5956","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2018.2872012","volume":"66","author":"C Zhou","year":"2018","unstructured":"C. Zhou, Y. Gu, X. Fan, Z. Shi, G. Mao, Y.D. Zhang, Direction-of-arrival estimation for coprime array via virtual array interpolation. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 66(22), 5956\u20135971 (2018)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"issue":"7","key":"2269_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2502","DOI":"10.1109\/78.224260","volume":"41","author":"MD Zoltowski","year":"1993","unstructured":"M.D. Zoltowski, S.D. Silverstein, C.P. Mathews, Beamspace Root-MUSIC for minimum redundancy linear arrays. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 41(7), 2502\u20132507 (1993)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"issue":"8","key":"2269_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3041","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2009.2019174","volume":"57","author":"N Zou","year":"2009","unstructured":"N. Zou, A. Nehorai, Circular acoustic vector-sensor array for mode beamforming. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 57(8), 3041\u20133052 (2009)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."}],"container-title":["Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00034-022-02269-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00034-022-02269-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00034-022-02269-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]],"date-time":"2023-04-15T00:47:46Z","timestamp":1681519666000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00034-022-02269-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,25]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["2269"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00034-022-02269-z","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.36227\/techrxiv.19800778.v1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.36227\/techrxiv.19800778","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0278-081X","1531-5878"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0278-081X","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-5878","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 August 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 December 2022","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 December 2022","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 December 2022","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"We declare that we have no financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that can inappropriately influence our work, and there is no professional or other personal interest of any nature or kind in any product, service, and\/or company that could be construed as influencing the position presented in, or the review of, the manuscript entitled, \u201cParticle\u2013Velocity Coarray Augmentation For Direction Finding with Acoustic Vector Sensors.\u201d","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}