{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T22:15:14Z","timestamp":1786054514865,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]],"date-time":"2023-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675641600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]],"date-time":"2023-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Circuits Syst Signal Process"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00034-023-02299-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]],"date-time":"2023-02-06T19:02:55Z","timestamp":1675710175000},"page":"4019-4050","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["An Optimized Deep Fusion Convolutional Neural Network-Based Digital Color Image Watermarking Scheme for Copyright Protection"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Manish","family":"Rai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sachin","family":"Goyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahesh","family":"Pawar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2299_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2019.113157","volume":"146","author":"M Ahmadi","year":"2020","unstructured":"M. Ahmadi, A. Norouzi, N. Karimi, S. Samavi, A. Emami, ReDMark: Framework for residual diffusion watermarking based on deep networks. Expert Syst. Appl. 146, 113157 (2020)","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"issue":"18","key":"2299_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27615","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-021-10756-9","volume":"80","author":"P Chotikawanid","year":"2021","unstructured":"P. Chotikawanid, T. Amornraksa, Color image watermarking based on reflectance component modification and guided image filtering. Multimed. Tools Appl. 80(18), 27615\u201327648 (2021)","journal-title":"Multimed. Tools Appl."},{"issue":"6","key":"2299_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-ipr.2018.6040","volume":"14","author":"F Deeba","year":"2020","unstructured":"F. Deeba, S. Kun, F.A. Dharejo, Y. Zhou, Lossless digital image watermarking in sparse domain by using K-singular value decomposition algorithm. IET Image Proc. 14(6), 1005\u20131014 (2020)","journal-title":"IET Image Proc."},{"key":"2299_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2022.109781","volume":"131","author":"KJ Devi","year":"2022","unstructured":"K.J. Devi, P. Singh, H.K. Thakkar, N. Kumar, Robust and secured watermarking using Ja-Fi optimization for digital image transmission in social media. Appl. Soft Comput. 131, 109781 (2022)","journal-title":"Appl. Soft Comput."},{"key":"2299_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Dwivedi, V.K. Srivastava, Geometrically Robust Digital Image Watermarking Based on Zernike Moments and FAST Technique, in Advances in VLSI, Communication, and Signal Processing (Springer, Singapore, 2022), pp. 671\u2013680","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-19-2631-0_58"},{"key":"2299_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.image.2021.116523","volume":"100","author":"O Evsutin","year":"2022","unstructured":"O. Evsutin, K. Dzhanashia, Watermarking schemes for digital images: Robustness overview. Signal Process. Image Commun. 100, 116523 (2022)","journal-title":"Signal Process. Image Commun."},{"issue":"11","key":"2299_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15961","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-022-12566-z","volume":"81","author":"A Fkirin","year":"2022","unstructured":"A. Fkirin, G. Attiya, A. El-Sayed, M.A. Shouman, Copyright protection of deep neural network models using digital watermarking: a comparative study. Multimed. Tools Appl. 81(11), 15961\u201315975 (2022)","journal-title":"Multimed. Tools Appl."},{"key":"2299_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S.E. Ghrare, A.A. Alamari, H.A. Emhemed, Digital Image Watermarking Method Based on LSB and DWT Hybrid Technique, in 2022 IEEE 2nd International Maghreb Meeting of the Conference on Sciences and Techniques of Automatic Control and Computer Engineering (MI-STA) (IEEE, 2022), pp. 465\u2013470","DOI":"10.1109\/MI-STA54861.2022.9837586"},{"key":"2299_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Gupta, R.R. Kishore, A Survey of Watermarking Technique using Deep Neural Network Architecture, in 2021 International Conference on Computing, Communication, and Intelligent Systems (ICCCIS). (IEEE, 2021), pp. 630\u2013635","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCCIS51004.2021.9397226"},{"key":"2299_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measen.2022.100520","volume":"24","author":"S Gupta","year":"2022","unstructured":"S. Gupta, K. Saluja, V. Solanki, K. Kaur, P. Singla, M. Shahid, Efficient methods for digital image watermarking and information embedding. Meas. Sens. 24, 100520 (2022)","journal-title":"Meas. Sens."},{"key":"2299_CR11","first-page":"1","volume":"82","author":"E Hatami","year":"2022","unstructured":"E. Hatami, H. Rashidy Kanan, K. Layeghi, A. Harounabadi, An optimized robust and invisible digital image watermarking scheme in Contourlet domain for protecting rightful ownership. Multimed. Tools Appl. 82, 1\u201331 (2022)","journal-title":"Multimed. Tools Appl."},{"key":"2299_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155138","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3127917","volume":"9","author":"LY Hsu","year":"2021","unstructured":"L.Y. Hsu, H.T. Hu, QDCT-based blind color image watermarking with aid of GWO and DnCNN for performance improvement. IEEE Access 9, 155138\u2013155152 (2021)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"1","key":"2299_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-019-08191-y","volume":"79","author":"XB Kang","year":"2020","unstructured":"X.B. Kang, G.F. Lin, Y.J. Chen, F. Zhao, E.H. Zhang, C.N. Jing, Robust and secure zero-watermarking algorithm for color images based on majority voting pattern and hyper-chaotic encryption. Multimed. Tools Appl. 79(1), 1169\u20131202 (2020)","journal-title":"Multimed. Tools Appl."},{"issue":"1","key":"2299_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11220-019-0262-y","volume":"21","author":"MF Kazemi","year":"2020","unstructured":"M.F. Kazemi, M.A. Pourmina, A.H. Mazinan, Novel neural network based CT-NSCT watermarking framework based upon Kurtosis coefficients. Sens Imag. 21(1), 1\u201325 (2020)","journal-title":"Sens Imag."},{"key":"2299_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-022-09538-9","volume":"125","author":"JS Khan","year":"2022","unstructured":"J.S. Khan, S.K. Kayhan, S.S. Ahmed, J. Ahmad, H.A. Siddiqa, F. Ahmed, B. Ghaleb, A. Al Dubai, Dynamic S-Box and PWLCM-based robust watermarking scheme. Wirel. Person. Commun. 125, 1\u20138 (2022)","journal-title":"Wirel. Person. Commun."},{"key":"2299_CR16","unstructured":"D.P. Kingma, J. Ba, Adam: A method for stochastic optimization. arXiv:1412.6980 (2014)"},{"issue":"10","key":"2299_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15487","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-020-10322-9","volume":"80","author":"S Kumar","year":"2021","unstructured":"S. Kumar, B.K. Singh, DWT based color image watermarking using maximum entropy. Multimed. Tools Appl. 80(10), 15487\u201315510 (2021)","journal-title":"Multimed. Tools Appl."},{"issue":"19","key":"2299_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6854","DOI":"10.3390\/app10196854","volume":"10","author":"JE Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"J.E. Lee, Y.H. Seo, D.W. Kim, Convolutional neural network-based digital image watermarking adaptive to the resolution of image and watermark. Appl. Sci. 10(19), 6854 (2020)","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"2299_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G. Li, S. Li, Z. Qian, X. Zhang, Encryption Resistant Deep Neural Network Watermarking, in ICASSP 2022\u20132022 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) (IEEE, 2022), pp. 3064\u20133068","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP43922.2022.9746461"},{"issue":"4","key":"2299_CR20","first-page":"1","volume":"15","author":"S Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"S. Liu, Z. Huang, Efficient image hashing with geometric invariant vector distance for copy detection. ACM Trans. Multimed. Comput. Commun. Appl. (TOMM) 15(4), 1\u201322 (2019)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Multimed. Comput. Commun. Appl. (TOMM)"},{"key":"2299_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.image.2021.116292","volume":"95","author":"D Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"D. Liu, Q. Su, Z. Yuan, X. Zhang, A blind color digital image watermarking method based on image correction and eigenvalue decomposition. Signal Process. Image Commun. 95, 116292 (2021)","journal-title":"Signal Process. Image Commun."},{"issue":"12","key":"2299_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6931","DOI":"10.1007\/s00034-022-02099-z","volume":"41","author":"Y Luo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Y. Luo, F. Wang, J. Liu, L. Li, S. Yang, S. Zhang, COVER: a secure blind image watermarking scheme. Circuits Syst. Signal Process. 41(12), 6931\u20136959 (2022)","journal-title":"Circuits Syst. Signal Process."},{"key":"2299_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2021.107255","volume":"93","author":"DK Mahto","year":"2021","unstructured":"D.K. Mahto, A.K. Singh, A survey of color image watermarking: state-of-the-art and research directions. Comput. Electr. Eng. 93, 107255 (2021)","journal-title":"Comput. Electr. Eng."},{"issue":"25","key":"2299_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18657","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-020-08634-x","volume":"79","author":"R Mehta","year":"2020","unstructured":"R. Mehta, K. Gupta, A.K. Yadav, An adaptive framework to image watermarking based on the twin support vector regression and genetic algorithm in lifting wavelet transform domain. Multimed. Tools Appl. 79(25), 18657\u201318678 (2020)","journal-title":"Multimed. Tools Appl."},{"issue":"9","key":"2299_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4516","DOI":"10.1007\/s00034-021-01678-w","volume":"40","author":"P Niu","year":"2021","unstructured":"P. Niu, L. Wang, J. Tian, S. Zhang, X. Wang, A statistical color image watermarking scheme using local QPCET and Cauchy\u2013Rayleigh distribution. Circuits Syst. Signal Process. 40(9), 4516\u20134545 (2021)","journal-title":"Circuits Syst. Signal Process."},{"key":"2299_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-022-09538-9","volume":"125","author":"S Prasad","year":"2022","unstructured":"S. Prasad, A.K. Pal, S. Paul, A block-level image tamper detection scheme using modulus function based fragile watermarking. Wirel. Person. Commun. 125, 1\u201339 (2022)","journal-title":"Wirel. Person. Commun."},{"key":"2299_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-022-12712-7","volume":"81","author":"M Rai","year":"2022","unstructured":"M. Rai, S. Goyal, A hybrid digital image watermarking technique based on fuzzy-BPNN and shark smell optimization. Multimed. Tools Appl. 81, 1\u20139 (2022)","journal-title":"Multimed. Tools Appl."},{"key":"2299_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Rai, S. Goyal, M. Pawar, Feature Optimization of Digital Image Watermarking Using Machine Learning Algorithms, in Machine Vision and Augmented Intelligence Theory and Applications (Springer, Singapore, 2021), pp. 469\u2013485","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-16-5078-9_39"},{"key":"2299_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3387","DOI":"10.35940\/ijitee.G5975.078919","volume":"8","author":"M Rai","year":"2019","unstructured":"M. Rai, S. Goyal, M. Pawar, Mitigation of geometrical attack in digital image watermarking using different transform based functions. Int. J. Innov. Technol. Explor. Eng. 8, 3387\u20133395 (2019)","journal-title":"Int. J. Innov. Technol. Explor. Eng."},{"key":"2299_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2020.107556","volume":"172","author":"D Rajani","year":"2020","unstructured":"D. Rajani, P.R. Kumar, An optimized blind watermarking scheme based on principal component analysis in redundant discrete wavelet domain. Signal Process. 172, 107556 (2020)","journal-title":"Signal Process."},{"key":"2299_CR31","first-page":"615","volume":"34","author":"V Sharma","year":"2019","unstructured":"V. Sharma, R.N. Mir, An enhanced time efficient technique for image watermarking using ant colony optimization and light gradient boosting algorithm. J. King Saud Univ. Comput. Inf. Sci. 34, 615\u2013626 (2019)","journal-title":"J. King Saud Univ. Comput. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"2299_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2021.02.011","volume":"145","author":"R Sinhal","year":"2021","unstructured":"R. Sinhal, D.K. Jain, I.A. Ansari, Machine learning based blind color image watermarking scheme for copyright protection. Pattern Recogn. Lett. 145, 171\u2013177 (2021)","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn. Lett."},{"key":"2299_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2020.100287","volume":"37","author":"K Soppari","year":"2020","unstructured":"K. Soppari, N.S. Chandra, Development of improved whale optimization-based FCM clustering for image watermarking. Comput. Sci. Rev. 37, 100287 (2020)","journal-title":"Comput. Sci. Rev."},{"key":"2299_CR34","first-page":"26","volume":"1","author":"K Soppari","year":"2022","unstructured":"K. Soppari, N.S. Chandra, Automated digital image watermarking based on multi-objective hybrid meta-heuristic-based clustering approach. Int. J. Intell. Robot. Appl. 1, 26 (2022)","journal-title":"Int. J. Intell. Robot. Appl."},{"key":"2299_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2022.05.046","volume":"606","author":"Q Su","year":"2022","unstructured":"Q. Su, D. Liu, Y. Sun, A robust adaptive blind color image watermarking for resisting geometric attacks. Inf. Sci. 606, 194\u2013212 (2022)","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"2299_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R.K. Verma, M. Sivakkumar, V. Namdeo, Robust Image Watermarking Using LWT Transform and Stacking Ensemble Classifier, in Soft Computing for Security Applications (Springer, Singapore, 2022), pp. 621\u2013634","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-16-5301-8_45"},{"key":"2299_CR37","unstructured":"S. Wadhera, D. Kamra, A. Rajpal, A. Jain, V. Jain, A Comprehensive Review on Digital Image Watermarking. arXiv:2207.06909 (2022)"},{"key":"2299_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2022.02.083","volume":"488","author":"W Wan","year":"2022","unstructured":"W. Wan, J. Wang, Y. Zhang, J. Li, H. Yu, J. Sun, A comprehensive survey on robust image watermarking. Neurocomputing 488, 226\u2013247 (2022)","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"2299_CR39","volume":"59","author":"X Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"X. Wang, D. Ma, K. Hu, J. Hu, L. Du, Mapping based residual convolution neural network for non-embedding and blind image watermarking. J. Inf. Secur. Appl. 59, 102820 (2021)","journal-title":"J. Inf. Secur. Appl."},{"key":"2299_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlaseng.2019.105955","volume":"127","author":"Z Ye","year":"2020","unstructured":"Z. Ye, H. Wang, J. Xiong, K. Wang, Simultaneous full-color single-pixel imaging and visible watermarking using Hadamard-Bayer illumination patterns. Opt. Lasers Eng. 127, 105955 (2020)","journal-title":"Opt. Lasers Eng."},{"issue":"2","key":"2299_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-019-04524-z","volume":"24","author":"M Yousefi Valandar","year":"2020","unstructured":"M. Yousefi Valandar, M. Jafari Barani, P. Ayubi, A blind and robust color images watermarking method based on block transform and secured by modified 3-dimensional H\u00e9non map. Soft Comput. 24(2), 771\u2013794 (2020)","journal-title":"Soft Comput."}],"container-title":["Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00034-023-02299-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00034-023-02299-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00034-023-02299-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]],"date-time":"2023-06-21T05:05:20Z","timestamp":1687323920000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00034-023-02299-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["2299"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00034-023-02299-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0278-081X","1531-5878"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0278-081X","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-5878","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 August 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 January 2023","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 January 2023","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 February 2023","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Authors declares that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Manish Rai, Sachin Goyal, Mahesh Pawar. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Manish Rai and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Conceptualization: Manish Rai; Methodology: Manish Rai; Formal analysis and investigation: Manish Rai, Sachin Goyal; Writing\u2014original draft preparation: Manish Rai, Mahesh Pawar; Writing\u2014review and editing: Sachin Goyal; Supervision: Mahesh Pawar","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Data Availability Statement"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants\u00a0and\/or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"There is no informed consent for this study.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed Consent"}}]}}