{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T22:52:45Z","timestamp":1769554365753,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]],"date-time":"2024-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708473600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]],"date-time":"2024-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61901123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61901123"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Circuits Syst Signal Process"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00034-023-02576-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]],"date-time":"2024-02-21T13:02:38Z","timestamp":1708520558000},"page":"2675-2694","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Novel Source Enumeration Method Based on Sparse Representation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Qing","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yechun","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6908-0852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nili","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huitang","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"2576_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4311","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2006.881199","volume":"54","author":"M Aharon","year":"2006","unstructured":"M. Aharon, M. Elad, A. Bruckstein, K-SVD: an algorithm for designing overcomplete dictionaries for sparse representation. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 54(11), 4311\u20134322 (2006)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"issue":"6","key":"2576_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.1974.1100705","volume":"AC-19","author":"H Akaike","year":"1974","unstructured":"H. Akaike, A new look at the statistical model identification. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control AC-19(6), 716\u2013723 (1974)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Autom. Control"},{"issue":"1","key":"2576_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177704248","volume":"34","author":"TW Anderson","year":"1963","unstructured":"T.W. Anderson, Asymptotic theory for principal component analysis. Ann. Math. Stat. 34(1), 122\u2013148 (1963)","journal-title":"Ann. Math. Stat."},{"issue":"21","key":"2576_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5694","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2018.2870357","volume":"66","author":"S Beheshti","year":"2018","unstructured":"S. Beheshti, S. Sedghizadeh, Number of source signal estimation by the mean squared eigenvalue error. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 66(21), 5694\u20135704 (2018)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"issue":"3","key":"2576_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2021.3139676","volume":"26","author":"R Fan","year":"2021","unstructured":"R. Fan, X. Zhu, W. Tang, C. Si, MFFNet: multi-path features fusion network for source enumeration. IEEE Commun. Lett. 26(3), 572\u2013576 (2021)","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Lett."},{"issue":"5","key":"2576_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1109\/78.995060","volume":"50","author":"E Fishler","year":"2002","unstructured":"E. Fishler, M. Grosmann, H. Messer, Detection of signals by information theoretic criteria: general asymptotic performance analysis. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 50(5), 1027\u20131036 (2002)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"issue":"8","key":"2576_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2242","DOI":"10.1109\/78.852005","volume":"48","author":"E Fishler","year":"2000","unstructured":"E. Fishler, H. Messer, On the use of order statistics for improved detection of signals by the MDL criterion. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 48(8), 2242\u20132247 (2000)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"issue":"11","key":"2576_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3028","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2019.2912151","volume":"67","author":"V Garg","year":"2019","unstructured":"V. Garg, I. Santamaria, D. Ram\u00edrez, L.L. Scharf, Subspace averaging and order determination for source enumeration. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 67(11), 3028\u20133041 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"issue":"2","key":"2576_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2015.2502922","volume":"65","author":"Q He","year":"2016","unstructured":"Q. He, H. Song, X. Ding, Sparse signal reconstruction based on time\u2013frequency manifold for rolling element bearing fault signature enhancement. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 65(2), 482\u2013491 (2016)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas."},{"key":"2576_CR10","unstructured":"J.S. Jiang, M.A. Ingram, Robust detection of number of sources using the transformed rotational matrix, in Proceedings of Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (2004), pp. 501\u2013506"},{"key":"2576_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2021.3052052","volume":"69","author":"X Ke","year":"2021","unstructured":"X. Ke, Y. Zhao, H. Lei, On accurate source enumeration: a new Bayesian information criterion. IEEE Trans Signal Process 69, 1012\u20131027 (2021)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Signal Process"},{"issue":"10","key":"2576_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3930","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2009.2022897","volume":"57","author":"S Kritchman","year":"2009","unstructured":"S. Kritchman, B. Nadler, Non-parametric detection of the number of signals: hypothesis testing and random matrix theory. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 57(10), 3930\u20133941 (2009)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"issue":"8","key":"2576_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1109\/78.934138","volume":"49","author":"AP Liavas","year":"2001","unstructured":"A.P. Liavas, P.A. Regalia, On the behavior of information theoretic criteria for model order selection. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 49(8), 1689\u20131695 (2001)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"issue":"6","key":"2576_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2012.2232661","volume":"61","author":"Z Lu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Z. Lu, A.M. Zoubir, Generalized Bayesian information criterion for source enumeration in array processing. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 61(6), 1470\u20131480 (2013)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"issue":"12","key":"2576_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3397","DOI":"10.1109\/78.258082","volume":"41","author":"S Mallat","year":"1993","unstructured":"S. Mallat, Z. Zhang, Matching pursuits with time-frequency dictionaries. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 41(12), 3397\u20133415 (1993)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"issue":"1","key":"2576_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2018.2884522","volume":"68","author":"Q Pan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Q. Pan, C. Mei, N. Tian, B.W. Ling, E.X. Wang, Source enumeration based on a uniform circular array in a determined case. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 68(1), 700\u2013712 (2018)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"key":"2576_CR17","unstructured":"Y.C. Pati, R. Rezaiifar, P.S. Krishnaprasad, Orthogonal matching pursuit: Recursive function approximation with applications to wavelet decomposition, in Conference of the Rec. 27th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers vol. 1 (1993)"},{"key":"2576_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-1098(78)90005-5","volume":"14","author":"J Rissanen","year":"1978","unstructured":"J. Rissanen, Modeling by shortest data description. Automatica 14, 465\u2013471 (1978)","journal-title":"Automatica"},{"issue":"5","key":"2576_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1109\/TASSP.1986.1164935","volume":"34","author":"R Roy","year":"1986","unstructured":"R. Roy, A. Paulraj, T. Kailath, ESPRIT\u2014a subspace rotation approach to estimation of parameters of cisoids in noise. IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process. 34(5), 1340\u20131342 (1986)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process."},{"key":"2576_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T. Salman, A. Badawy, T.M. Elfouly, Estimating the number of sources: an efficient maximization approach, in Proceedings of the IEEE International Wireless Communications Mobile Computing Conference (2015), pp. 199\u2013204","DOI":"10.1109\/IWCMC.2015.7289082"},{"key":"2576_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Samadi, M. Cetin, M.A. Masnadi-Shirazi, Sparse signal representation for complex-valued imaging, in IEEE 13th Digital Signal Processing Workshop and 5th IEEE Signal Processing Education Workshop (2009)","DOI":"10.1109\/DSP.2009.4785950"},{"issue":"3","key":"2576_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.1986.1143830","volume":"34","author":"R Schmidt","year":"1986","unstructured":"R. Schmidt, Multiple emitter location and signal parameter estimation. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 34(3), 276\u2013280 (1986)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag."},{"key":"2576_CR23","unstructured":"Schmidt, R. Otto, A signal subspace approach to multiple emitter location and spectral estimation, Ph.D dissertation, Dept. Elect. Eng., Stanford Univ. (1981)"},{"key":"2576_CR24","first-page":"461","volume":"6","author":"G Schwartz","year":"1978","unstructured":"G. Schwartz, Estimating the dimension of a model. Ann. Stat. 6, 461\u2013464 (1978)","journal-title":"Ann. Stat."},{"issue":"3","key":"2576_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2016.2637059","volume":"17","author":"Z Shi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Z. Shi, C. Zhou, Y. Gu, N.A. Goodman, F. Qu, Source estimation using coprime array: a sparse reconstruction perspective. IEEE Sens. J. 17(3), 755\u2013765 (2017)","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"2576_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18262","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2745618","volume":"5","author":"Q Su","year":"2017","unstructured":"Q. Su, Y. Wei, M. Guo, C. Deng, Y. Shen, A novel source number estimator with improved degrees of freedom. IEEE Access 5, 18262\u201318270 (2017)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"2576_CR27","unstructured":"Y. Wang, H. Chen, Y. Peng, et al. Basic of spatial spectrum estimation, in Spatial Spectrum Estimation Theory and Algorithm (Tsinghua University, Beijing, 2004), pp.18\u201350"},{"key":"2576_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2021.3053495","volume":"69","author":"M Wax","year":"2021","unstructured":"M. Wax, A. Adler, Detection of the number of signals by signal subspace matching. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 69, 973\u2013985 (2021)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"key":"2576_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2022.3154229","volume":"70","author":"M Wax","year":"2022","unstructured":"M. Wax, A. Adler, Detection of the number of signals in uniform arrays by invariant-signal-subspace matching. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 70, 1270\u20131281 (2022)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"issue":"6","key":"2576_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2019.2902118","volume":"26","author":"A Weiss","year":"2019","unstructured":"A. Weiss, A. Yeredor, Blind determination of the number of sources using distance correlation. IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 26(6), 828\u2013832 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process. Lett."},{"issue":"11","key":"2576_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3282","DOI":"10.1109\/78.330399","volume":"42","author":"DB Williams","year":"1994","unstructured":"D.B. Williams, Counting the degrees of freedom when using AIC and MDL to detect signals. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 42(11), 3282\u20133284 (1994)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"key":"2576_CR32","unstructured":"H.T. Wu, J.F. Yang, F.K. Chen, Source number estimator using Gerschgorin disks, in Proceedings of the ICASSP\u201994, vol. 4, (1994) pp. 261\u2013264"},{"issue":"6","key":"2576_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1109\/78.388844","volume":"43","author":"HT Wu","year":"1995","unstructured":"H.T. Wu, J.F. Yang, F.K. Chen, Source number estimators using transformed Gerschgorin radii. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 43(6), 1325\u20131333 (1995)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"key":"2576_CR34","first-page":"1","volume":"2021","author":"N Wu","year":"2021","unstructured":"N. Wu, K. Wang, L. Wan, N. Liu, A source number estimation algorithm based on data local density and Fuzzy C-means clustering. Proc. Wirel. Commun. Mobile Comput. 2021, 1\u20137 (2021)","journal-title":"Proc. Wirel. Commun. Mobile Comput."},{"issue":"9","key":"2576_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"095104","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6501\/ab199c","volume":"29","author":"Y Wu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Y. Wu, X. Li, Z. Cao, J. Han, H. Mu, Z. Wang, Joint signal-to-noise ratio and source number estimation based on hierarchical artificial intelligence units. Meas. Sci. Technol. 29(9), 095104 (2018)","journal-title":"Meas. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2576_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"065017","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6501\/ab6a46","volume":"31","author":"Y Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Y. Wu, X. Li, Z. Cao, Source number estimation based on a novel multi-view meta-hierarchical classification framework. Meas. Sci. Technol. 31(6), 065017 (2020)","journal-title":"Meas. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2576_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H. Zayyani, M. Babaie-Zadeh, C. Jutten, Bayesian pursuit algorithm for sparse representation, in IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (2009)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2009.4959892"},{"issue":"3","key":"2576_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1007\/s00034-016-0340-5","volume":"36","author":"HR Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"H.R. Zhang, J. Pan, G.J. Yao, L. Li, source enumeration based on the singular vector of Hankel matrix for low signal-to-noise ratio. Circuits Syst. Signal Process. 36(3), 1085\u20131098 (2017)","journal-title":"Circuits Syst. Signal Process."},{"key":"2576_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128676","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2939865","volume":"7","author":"J Zhen","year":"2019","unstructured":"J. Zhen, Detection of array signal number with multiple sensors based on transfer component analysis. IEEE Access 7, 128676\u2013128683 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"}],"container-title":["Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00034-023-02576-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00034-023-02576-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00034-023-02576-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,30]],"date-time":"2024-03-30T12:04:54Z","timestamp":1711800294000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00034-023-02576-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["2576"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00034-023-02576-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0278-081X","1531-5878"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0278-081X","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-5878","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 March 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 November 2023","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 November 2023","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 February 2024","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"We declare that we have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}]}}