{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T02:43:46Z","timestamp":1774838626010,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]],"date-time":"2024-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715385600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]],"date-time":"2024-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Circuits Syst Signal Process"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00034-024-02703-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]],"date-time":"2024-05-11T19:01:21Z","timestamp":1715454081000},"page":"5237-5261","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Source Localization using TDOA Based on Improved Snake Optimizer"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Yanping","family":"Liao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0663-6260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongpeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2703_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2007.909342","volume":"56","author":"A Beck","year":"2008","unstructured":"A. Beck, P. Stoica, J. Li, Exact and approximate solutions of source localization problems. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 56(5), 1770\u20131778 (2008). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TSP.2007.909342","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"issue":"4","key":"2703_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1109\/TASE.2020.2975287","volume":"17","author":"LA Caceres Najarro","year":"2020","unstructured":"L.A. Caceres Najarro, I. Song, K. Kim, Differential evolution with opposition and redirection for source localization using rss measurements in wireless sensor networks. IEEE Tran. Autom. Sci. Eng. 17(4), 1736\u20131747 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TASE.2020.2975287","journal-title":"IEEE Tran. Autom. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"2703_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2014.02.023","volume":"102","author":"BK Chalise","year":"2014","unstructured":"B.K. Chalise, Y.D. Zhang, M.G. Amin, B. Himed, Target localization in a multi-static passive radar system through convex optimization. Signal Process. 102, 207\u2013215 (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sigpro.2014.02.023","journal-title":"Signal Process."},{"issue":"8","key":"2703_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1109\/78.301830","volume":"42","author":"YT Chan","year":"1994","unstructured":"Y.T. Chan, K.C. Ho, A simple and efficient estimator for hyperbolic location. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 42(8), 1905\u20131915 (1994). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/78.301830","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"issue":"1","key":"2703_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2005.861162","volume":"55","author":"YT Chan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Y.T. Chan, H.Y.C. Hang, P. Ching, Exact and approximate maximum likelihood localization algorithms. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 55(1), 10\u201316 (2006). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TVT.2005.861162","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"key":"2703_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"T. Chen, M. Wang, X. Huang, Q. Xie, TDOA-AOA localization based on improved Salp swarm algorithm, in 2018 14th IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing (ICSP) (2018), pp. 108\u2013112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICSP.2018.8652322","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSP.2018.8652322"},{"key":"2703_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218127499001024","volume":"9","author":"GR Chen","year":"1999","unstructured":"G.R. Chen, T. Ueta, Yet another chaotic attractor. Int J Bifurc Chaos 9, 1465\u20131466 (1999). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/S0218127499001024","journal-title":"Int J Bifurc Chaos"},{"key":"2703_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2022.3222485","volume":"72","author":"A Gabbrielli","year":"2023","unstructured":"A. Gabbrielli, J. Bordoy, W.X. Xiong et al., RAILS: 3-D real-time angle of arrival ultrasonic indoor localization system. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 72, 1\u201315 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TIM.2022.3222485","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas."},{"issue":"8","key":"2703_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3879","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2017.2731325","volume":"29","author":"Z Han","year":"2018","unstructured":"Z. Han, C.S. Leung, H.C. So, A.G. Constantinides, Augmented Lagrange programming neural network for localization using time-difference-of-arrival measurements. IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. Learn. Syst. 29(8), 3879\u20133884 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TNNLS.2017.2731325","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. Learn. Syst."},{"key":"2703_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2022.108320","volume":"242","author":"FA Hashim","year":"2022","unstructured":"F.A. Hashim, A.G. Hussien, Snake optimizer: a novel meta-heuristic optimization algorithm. Knowl Based Syst. 242, 108320 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.knosys.2022.108320","journal-title":"Knowl Based Syst."},{"issue":"12","key":"2703_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3135","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2014.2321109","volume":"62","author":"O Jean","year":"2014","unstructured":"O. Jean, A.J. Weiss, Geolocation by direction of arrival using arrays with unknown orientation. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 62(12), 3135\u20133142 (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TSP.2014.2321109","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"issue":"4","key":"2703_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2004.842413","volume":"52","author":"YX Li","year":"2005","unstructured":"Y.X. Li, G.R. Chen, W.K.S. Tang, Controlling a unified chaotic system to hyperchaotic. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II Express Br. 52(4), 204\u2013207 (2005). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TCSII.2004.842413","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II Express Br."},{"key":"2703_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2018.02.006","volume":"148","author":"J Liang","year":"2018","unstructured":"J. Liang, Y. Chen, H.C. So, Y. Jing, Circular\/hyperbolic\/elliptic localization via Euclidean norm elimination. Signal Process. 148, 102\u2013113 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sigpro.2018.02.006","journal-title":"Signal Process."},{"issue":"11","key":"2703_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2872","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2013.04.004","volume":"93","author":"L Lin","year":"2013","unstructured":"L. Lin, H.C. So, F.K.W. Chan, Y.T. Chan, K.C. Ho, A new constrained weighted least squares algorithm for TDOA-based localization. Signal Process. 93(11), 2872\u20132878 (2013). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sigpro.2013.04.004","journal-title":"Signal Process."},{"issue":"12","key":"2703_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2218","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2015.2486769","volume":"19","author":"Y Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Y. Liu, F. Guo, L. Yang, W. Jiang, An improved algebraic solution for TDOA localization with sensor position errors. IEEE Commun. Lett. 19(12), 2218\u20132221 (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/LCOMM.2015.2486769","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Lett."},{"key":"2703_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4155","DOI":"10.1007\/s00034-020-01364-3","volume":"39","author":"Z Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Z. Liu, R. Wang, Y. Zhao, Noise-resistant estimation algorithm for TDOA, FDOA and differential doppler rate in passive sensing. Circuits Syst. Signal Process. 39, 4155\u20134173 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00034-020-01364-3","journal-title":"Circuits Syst. Signal Process."},{"issue":"2","key":"2703_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-21830-4_2","volume":"20","author":"EN Lorenz","year":"1963","unstructured":"E.N. Lorenz, Deterministic nonperiodic flow. J. Atmos. Sci. 20(2), 130\u2013141 (1963). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-0-387-21830-4_2","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Sci."},{"key":"2703_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"X.N. Lu, K.C. Ho, Taylor-series technique for moving source localization in the presence of sensor location errors, in 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (2007), p. 4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ISCAS.2006.1692775","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCAS.2006.1692775"},{"key":"2703_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2021.3051836","volume":"28","author":"X Ma","year":"2021","unstructured":"X. Ma, T. Ballal, H. Chen, O. Aldayel, T.Y. Al-Naffouri, A maximum-likelihood TDOA localization algorithm using difference-of-convex programming. IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 28, 309\u2013313 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/LSP.2021.3051836","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process. Lett."},{"issue":"3","key":"2703_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2017.2777995","volume":"7","author":"A Noroozi","year":"2018","unstructured":"A. Noroozi, A.H. Oveis, S.M. Hosseini, M.A. Sebt, Improved algebraic solution for source localization from TDOA and FDOA measurements. IEEE Wirel. Commun. Lett. 7(3), 352\u2013355 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/LWC.2017.2777995","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel. Commun. Lett."},{"issue":"6","key":"2703_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3782","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2021.3087804","volume":"57","author":"KC Pine","year":"2021","unstructured":"K.C. Pine, S. Pine, M. Cheney, The geometry of far-field passive source localization With TDOA and FDOA. IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. 57(6), 3782\u20133790 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TAES.2021.3087804","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst."},{"issue":"15","key":"2703_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3990","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2017.2703667","volume":"65","author":"XM Qu","year":"2017","unstructured":"X.M. Qu, L.H. Xie, W.R. Tan, Iterative constrained weighted least squares source localization using TDOA and FDOA measurements. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 65(15), 3990\u20134003 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TSP.2017.2703667","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"key":"2703_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"F. Quo, K.C. Ho, A quadratic constraint solution method for TDOA and FDOA localization, in 2011 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (2011), pp. 2588\u20132591. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICASSP.2011.5947014","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2011.5947014"},{"issue":"12","key":"2703_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1109\/TASSP.1987.1165089","volume":"35","author":"J Smith","year":"1987","unstructured":"J. Smith, J. Abel, Closed-form least-squares source location estimation from range-difference measurements. IEEE Trans. Acoust, Speech, Signal Process. 35(12), 1661\u20131669 (1987). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TASSP.1987.1165089","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Acoust, Speech, Signal Process."},{"issue":"1","key":"2703_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1287\/moor.6.1.19","volume":"6","author":"F Solis","year":"1981","unstructured":"F. Solis, R. Wets, Minimization by random search techniques. Math. Oper. Res. 6(1), 19\u201330 (1981). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1287\/moor.6.1.19","journal-title":"Math. Oper. Res."},{"key":"2703_CR26","unstructured":"L. Sun, Z.Q. Huang, W.M. Fu, The research of image encryption algorithm based on hyper-chaotic chen system integration with time delay. Sci. Tech. Eng. 13, 10523\u201310530 (2013). https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:123601773"},{"issue":"7","key":"2703_CR27","first-page":"1575","volume":"51","author":"JM Tang","year":"2018","unstructured":"J.M. Tang, X. Zhou, W. Zhang, C.Y. Wang, H.B. Wang, Multipoint location of TDOA based on improved genetic ant colony algorithm. Commun. Technol. 51(7), 1575\u20131584 (2018)","journal-title":"Commun. Technol."},{"key":"2703_CR28","first-page":"264","volume-title":"Passive Locating Technology","author":"ZC Tian","year":"2015","unstructured":"Z.C. Tian, C.F. Liu, Passive Locating Technology (National Defence Industry Press, Beijing, 2015), pp.264\u2013265"},{"issue":"3","key":"2703_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2009.2037666","volume":"58","author":"HW Wei","year":"2010","unstructured":"H.W. Wei, R. Peng, Q. Wan, Z.X. Chen, S.F. Ye, Multidimensional scaling analysis for passive moving target localization with TDOA and FDOA measurements. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 58(3), 1677\u20131688 (2010). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TSP.2009.2037666","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"issue":"1","key":"2703_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1109\/4235.585893","volume":"1","author":"DH Wolpert","year":"1997","unstructured":"D.H. Wolpert, W.G. Macready, No free lunch theorems for optimization. IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput. 1(1), 67\u201382 (1997). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/4235.585893","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput."},{"key":"2703_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2023.3270929","volume":"20","author":"WX Xiong","year":"2023","unstructured":"W.X. Xiong, H.C. So, Outlier-robust passive elliptic target localization. IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. 20, 1\u20135 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/LGRS.2023.3270929","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett."},{"key":"2703_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2020.107774","volume":"178","author":"WX Xiong","year":"2021","unstructured":"W.X. Xiong, S. Christian, H.C. So et al., TDOA-based localization with NLOS mitigation via robust model transformation and neurodynamic optimization. Signal Process. 178, 107774 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sigpro.2020.107774","journal-title":"Signal Process."},{"issue":"1","key":"2703_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2022.3185971","volume":"59","author":"WX Xiong","year":"2023","unstructured":"W.X. Xiong, C. Schindelhauer, H.C. So, Globally optimized TDOA high-frequency source localization based on quasi-parabolic ionosphere modeling and collaborative gradient projection. IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. 59(1), 580\u2013590 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TAES.2022.3185971","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst."},{"issue":"6","key":"2703_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2887","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2011.2116012","volume":"59","author":"E Xu","year":"2011","unstructured":"E. Xu, Z. Ding, S. Dasgupta, Source localization in wireless sensor networks from signal time-of-arrival measurements. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 59(6), 2887\u20132897 (2011). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TSP.2011.2116012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"key":"2703_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3412","DOI":"10.1007\/s00034-022-02270-6","volume":"42","author":"Z Xu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Z. Xu, H. Li, K. Yang, L.P. Lin, A robust constrained total least squares algorithm for three-dimensional target localization with hybrid TDOA-AOA measurements. Circuits Syst Signal Process. 42, 3412\u20133436 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00034-022-02270-6","journal-title":"Circuits Syst Signal Process."},{"issue":"7","key":"2703_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2775","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2009.2016891","volume":"57","author":"K Yang","year":"2009","unstructured":"K. Yang, G. Wang, Z. Luo, Efficient convex relaxation methods for robust target localization by a sensor network using time differences of arrivals. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 57(7), 2775\u20132784 (2009). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TSP.2009.2016891","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"key":"2703_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.11999\/JEIT140313","volume":"37","author":"GH Zhu","year":"2015","unstructured":"G.H. Zhu, D.Z. Feng, Y. Zhou, H.X. Zhao, A linear-correction based on time difference of arrival localization algorithm. J. Electron. Inf. Technol. 37, 85\u201390 (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11999\/JEIT140313","journal-title":"J. Electron. Inf. Technol."}],"container-title":["Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00034-024-02703-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00034-024-02703-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00034-024-02703-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T20:09:40Z","timestamp":1722370180000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00034-024-02703-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["2703"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00034-024-02703-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0278-081X","1531-5878"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0278-081X","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-5878","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 October 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 April 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 April 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 May 2024","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no Conflict of interest to declare.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}