{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T11:55:00Z","timestamp":1779364500332,"version":"3.53.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734048000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Circuits Syst Signal Process"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00034-024-02944-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T20:39:51Z","timestamp":1734122391000},"page":"2266-2287","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Design of a Tunable Gain CMOS Current Feedback Instrumentation Amplifier for Space Applications"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Divya","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2601-1627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vijay","family":"Nath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2944_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2494","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2013.2272952","volume":"48","author":"K Abdelhalim","year":"2013","unstructured":"K. Abdelhalim, H.M. Jafari, L. Kokarovtseva, J.L.P. Velazquez, R. Genov, 64-channel UWB wireless neural vector analyzer SOC with a closed-loop phase synchrony-triggered neurostimulator. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits 48, 2494\u20132510 (2013). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JSSC.2013.2272952","journal-title":"IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits"},{"key":"2944_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2023.02.003","volume":"90","author":"R Ahmad","year":"2023","unstructured":"R. Ahmad, N. Choudhary, S.K. Gupta, A.M. Joshi, D. Boolchandani, Novel tunable current feedback instrumentation amplifier based on BBFC OP-AMP for biomedical applications with low power and high CMRR. Integration 90, 214\u2013223 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vlsi.2023.02.003","journal-title":"Integration"},{"key":"2944_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s10470-014-0464-0","volume":"82","author":"M Akbari","year":"2015","unstructured":"M. Akbari, S. Biabanifard, S. Asadi et al., High performance folded cascode OTA using positive feedback and recycling structure. Analog Integr. Circ. Sig. Process 82, 217\u2013227 (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10470-014-0464-0","journal-title":"Analog Integr. Circ. Sig. Process"},{"key":"2944_CR4","volume-title":"CMOS analog circuit design","author":"PE Allen","year":"2002","unstructured":"P.E. Allen, D.R. Holberg, CMOS analog circuit design, 2nd edn. (Oxford University Press, New York, 2002)","edition":"2"},{"issue":"7","key":"2944_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3679","DOI":"10.1007\/s00034-022-01970-3","volume":"41","author":"F Ansari","year":"2022","unstructured":"F. Ansari, M. Yavari, A fully-differential chopper capacitively-coupled amplifier with high input impedance for closed-loop neural recording. Circuits Syst. Signal Process. 41(7), 3679\u20133705 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00034-022-01970-3","journal-title":"Circuits Syst. Signal Process."},{"key":"2944_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2626","DOI":"10.1007\/s00034-015-0160-z","volume":"35","author":"MB Ara","year":"2016","unstructured":"M.B. Ara, S.J. Azhari, A low-voltage fully differential pure current mode current operational amplifier. Circuits Syst Signal Process 35, 2626\u20132639 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00034-015-0160-z","journal-title":"Circuits Syst Signal Process"},{"key":"2944_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2021.105333","volume":"119","author":"M Ashayeri","year":"2022","unstructured":"M. Ashayeri, M. Yavari, A front-end amplifier with tunable bandwidth and high value pseudo resistor for neural recording implants. Microelectron. J. 119, 105333 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mejo.2021.105333","journal-title":"Microelectron. J."},{"key":"2944_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2016.02.007","volume":"51","author":"W Bai","year":"2016","unstructured":"W. Bai, Z. Zhu, A 0.5-V power-efficient low-noise CMOS instrumentation amplifier for wireless biosensor. Microelectron. J. 51, 30\u201337 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mejo.2016.02.007","journal-title":"Microelectron. J."},{"key":"2944_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"E. V. Balashov, N. V. Ivanov and A. S. Korotkov SOI Instrumentation Amplifier for High-Temperature Applications. in 2020 IEEE East-West Design & Test Symposium (EWDTS), Varna, Bulgaria (2020) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/EWDTS50664.2020.9224893","DOI":"10.1109\/EWDTS50664.2020.9224893"},{"key":"2944_CR10","first-page":"239","volume":"11","author":"S Bandyopadhyay","year":"2014","unstructured":"S. Bandyopadhyay, D. Mukherjee, R. Chatterjee, Design of two stage CMOS operational amplifier in 180nm technology with low power and high CMRR. Int. J. Recent Trend Eng. Technol. 11, 239 (2014)","journal-title":"Int. J. Recent Trend Eng. Technol."},{"key":"2944_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1109\/4.90039","volume":"23","author":"M Banu","year":"1988","unstructured":"M. Banu, J. Khoury, Y. Tsividis, Fully differential operational amplifiers with accurate output balancing. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits 23, 1410\u20131414 (1988). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/4.90039","journal-title":"IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits"},{"key":"2944_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aeue.2020.153299","volume":"123","author":"JM Carrillo","year":"2020","unstructured":"J.M. Carrillo, M.A. Dom\u00ednguez, R. P\u00e9rez-Aloe, C.A. de la Cruz Blas, J.F. Duque-Carrillo, Low-power wide-bandwidth CMOS indirect current feedback instrumentation amplifier. AE\u00dc-Int. J. Electron. Commun. 123, 153299 (2020)","journal-title":"AE\u00dc-Int. J. Electron. Commun."},{"key":"2944_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s10470-011-9603-z","volume":"68","author":"JM Carrillo","year":"2011","unstructured":"J.M. Carrillo, G. Torelli, J.F. Duque-Carrillo, Transconductance enhancement in bulk-driven input stages and its applications. Analog Integr. Circuits Signal Process 68, 207\u2013217 (2011). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10470-011-9603-z","journal-title":"Analog Integr. Circuits Signal Process"},{"key":"2944_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2666","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2017.2698600","volume":"64","author":"C Chang","year":"2017","unstructured":"C. Chang, S.A. Zahrai, K. Wang, L. Xu, I. Farah, M. Onabajo, An analog front-end chip with self-calibrated input impedance for monitoring of biosignals via dry electrode-skin interfaces. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I Regul. Pap. 64, 2666\u20132678 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TCSI.2017.2698600","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I Regul. Pap."},{"issue":"1","key":"2944_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3390\/jlpea13010003","volume":"13","author":"I Corbacho","year":"2023","unstructured":"I. Corbacho, J.M. Carrillo, J.L. Aus\u00edn, M.\u00c1. Dom\u00ednguez, R. P\u00e9rez-Aloe, J.F. Duque-Carrillo, A fully-differential CMOS instrumentation amplifier for bioimpedance-based IoT medical devices. J. Low Power Electron. Appl. 13(1), 3 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jlpea13010003","journal-title":"J. Low Power Electron. Appl."},{"key":"2944_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics11111668","volume":"11","author":"I Corbacho","year":"2022","unstructured":"I. Corbacho, J.M. Carrillo, J.L. Aus\u00edn, M.A. Dom\u00ednguez, R. P\u00e9rez-Aloe, J.F. Duque-Carrillo, Compact CMOS wideband instrumentation amplifiers for multi-frequency bioimpedance measurement: a design procedure. Electronics 11, 1668 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/electronics11111668","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"key":"2944_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Q. Fan, K. A. A. Makinwa, J. H. Huijsing, Capacitively-Coupled Chopper Amplifiers. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http:\/\/pdf.lib.vntu.edu.ua\/books\/Springer\/2021\/2017_Book_Capacitively-CoupledChopper.pdf","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-47391-8"},{"issue":"12","key":"2944_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2010","DOI":"10.1109\/4.735542","volume":"33","author":"K Gulati","year":"1998","unstructured":"K. Gulati, H.-S. Lee, A high-swing CMOS telescopic operational amplifier. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits 33(12), 2010\u20132019 (1998). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/4.735542","journal-title":"IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits"},{"key":"2944_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.3390\/app10010399","volume":"10","author":"K Han","year":"2020","unstructured":"K. Han, H. Kim, J. Kim, D. You, H. You, Y. Heo, J. Kwon, H.. Ko. Lee, A 24.88 nV\/\u221aHz Wheatstone bridge readout integrated circuit with chopper-stabilized multipath operational amplifier. Appl. Sci. 10, 399 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app10010399","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"2944_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2003.811979","volume":"38","author":"RR Harrison","year":"2003","unstructured":"R.R. Harrison, C. Charles, A low-power low-noise CMOS amplifier for neural recording applications. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits 38, 958\u2013965 (2003). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JSSC.2003.811979","journal-title":"IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits"},{"key":"2944_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/s10470-020-01763-1","volume":"107","author":"MKQ Jooq","year":"2021","unstructured":"M.K.Q. Jooq, A. Bozorgmehr, S. Mirzakuchaki, An ultra-miniature broadband operational transconductance amplifier utilizing 10\u00a0nm wrap-gate CNTFET technology. Analog Integr. Circ. Sig. Process 107, 423\u2013434 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10470-020-01763-1","journal-title":"Analog Integr. Circ. Sig. Process"},{"key":"2944_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aeue.2021.153773","volume":"136","author":"MKQ Jooq","year":"2021","unstructured":"M.K.Q. Jooq, F. Behbahani, M.H. Moaiyeri, An ultra-efficient recycling folded cascode OTA based on GAA-CNTFET technology for MEMS\/NEMS capacitive readout applications. AEU-Int. J. Electron. Commun. 136, 153773 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aeue.2021.153773","journal-title":"AEU-Int. J. Electron. Commun."},{"key":"2944_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2018.2866179","volume":"66","author":"F Khateb","year":"2019","unstructured":"F. Khateb, T. Kulej, Design and Implementation of a 0.3-V Differential Difference Amplifier. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I: Regular Papers 66, 513\u2013523 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TCSI.2018.2866179","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I: Regular Papers"},{"key":"2944_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"S. Kothapalli, M. Samson, S. Majji, S. R. Karanam, A novel approach for a high gain instrumentation amplifier in \u0394\u03a3 ADC. Materials Today: Proceedings, 33(7), 2706-2710 (2020), https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.matpr.2020.01.441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2020.01.441"},{"key":"2944_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1007\/s00034-014-9906-2","volume":"34","author":"T Kulej","year":"2015","unstructured":"T. Kulej, 0.4-V Bulk-Driven Operational Amplifier with Improved Input Stage. Circuits Syst. Signal Process 34, 1167\u20131185 (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00034-014-9906-2","journal-title":"Circuits Syst. Signal Process"},{"key":"2944_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.3390\/app10010063","volume":"10","author":"Y Kwon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Y. Kwon, H. Kim, J. Kim, K. Han, D. You, H. Heo, D.I. Cho, H. Ko, Fully differential chopper-stabilized multipath current-feedback instrumentation amplifier with R-2R DAC offset adjustment for resistive bridge sensors. Appl. Sci. 10, 63 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app10010063","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"2944_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11565","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2892502","volume":"7","author":"C Lee","year":"2019","unstructured":"C. Lee, J. Song, A chopper stabilized current-feedback instrumentation amplifier for EEG acquisition applications. IEEE Access 7, 11565\u201311569 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2892502","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"1","key":"2944_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s10470-016-0853-7","volume":"90","author":"H-S Lee","year":"2017","unstructured":"H.-S. Lee, V.N. Nguyen, X.L. Pham, J.-W. Lee, H.-K. Park, A 250 uW, 18-nV\/sqrt Hz current-feedback chopper instrumentation amplifier in 180-nm cmos for high performance bio-potential sensing applications. Analog Integr. Circuits Signal Process. 90(1), 137\u2013148 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10470-016-0853-7","journal-title":"Analog Integr. Circuits Signal Process."},{"key":"2944_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2005.852530","volume":"52","author":"J Mahattanakul","year":"2005","unstructured":"J. Mahattanakul, Design procedure for two-stage CMOS operational amplifiers employing current buffer. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II Express Briefs 52, 766\u2013770 (2005). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TCSII.2005.852530","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II Express Briefs"},{"key":"2944_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"S. A. Mahmoud and A. A. Alhammadi, A CMOS digitally programmable OTA based instrumentation amplifier for EEG detection system. in 2015 IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems (ICECS), Cairo, Egypt, 2015, pp. 543\u2013546, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICECS.2015.7440374","DOI":"10.1109\/ICECS.2015.7440374"},{"key":"2944_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1109\/19.746581","volume":"47","author":"R Martins","year":"1998","unstructured":"R. Martins, S. Selberherr, F.A.A. Vaz, CMOS IC for portable EEG acquisition systems. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 47, 1191\u20131196 (1998). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/19.746581","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas."},{"key":"2944_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2020.3018830","volume":"70","author":"CD Matthus","year":"2021","unstructured":"C.D. Matthus, S. Buhr, M. Krei\u00dfig, F. Ellinger, High gain and high bandwidth fully differential difference amplifier as current sense amplifier. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 70, 1\u201311 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TIM.2020.3018830","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas."},{"key":"2944_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aeue.2018.06.045","volume":"94","author":"M Nasserian","year":"2018","unstructured":"M. Nasserian, A. Peiravi, F. Moradi, A fully-integrated 16-channel EEG readout front-end for neural recording applications. AEU\u2013Int J. Electron. Commun. 94, 109\u2013121 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aeue.2018.06.045","journal-title":"AEU\u2013Int J. Electron. Commun."},{"key":"2944_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2253","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2014.2308992","volume":"63","author":"GT Ong","year":"2014","unstructured":"G.T. Ong, P.K. Chan, A power-aware chopper-stabilized instrumentation amplifier for resistive Wheatstone bridge sensors. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 63, 2253\u20132263 (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TIM.2014.2308992","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas."},{"key":"2944_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics10050563","volume":"10","author":"J P\u00e9rez-Bail\u00f3n","year":"2021","unstructured":"J. P\u00e9rez-Bail\u00f3n, B. Calvo, N. Medrano, 1.0 V-0.18 \u03bcm CMOS tunable low pass filters with 73 dB DR for on-chip sensing acquisition systems. Electronics 10, 563 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/electronics10050563","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"key":"2944_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2021.3107613","volume":"69","author":"J P\u00e9rez-Bail\u00f3n","year":"2022","unstructured":"J. P\u00e9rez-Bail\u00f3n, M.T. Sanz-Pascual, B. Calvo, N. Medrano, Wide-band compact 1.8 V-0.18\u00a0\u03bcm CMOS analog front-end for impedance spectroscopy. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst. II Express Briefs 69, 764\u2013768 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TCSII.2021.3107613","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Circuits Syst. II Express Briefs"},{"issue":"10","key":"2944_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2180","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2007.905236","volume":"42","author":"RT Perry","year":"2007","unstructured":"R.T. Perry, S.H. Lewis, A.P. Brokaw, T. Viswanathan, A 1.4 V supply CMOS fractional bandgap reference. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits 42(10), 2180\u20132186 (2007). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JSSC.2007.905236","journal-title":"IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits"},{"key":"2944_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aeue.2020.153585","volume":"131","author":"A Pourahmad","year":"2021","unstructured":"A. Pourahmad, R. Dehghani, S.A.R. Ahmadi-Mehr, Low-voltage high-linear Gm-transimpedance instrumentation amplifier with robust feedforward biasing against PVT variations. AEU-Int. J. Electron. Commun. 131, 153585 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aeue.2020.153585","journal-title":"AEU-Int. J. Electron. Commun."},{"key":"2944_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"D. Prasad, A. Pranav, A. Nimbargi, J. Singh, M. K. Ray, M. Mishra, M. Kumar, V. Nath, Design of 30 MHz CMOS Operational Amplifier. in Singh R., Choudhury S. (eds) Proceeding of International Conference on Intelligent Communication, Control and Devices. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, Springer, Singapore, 479, 519\u2013525 (2017) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-10-1708-7_59","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-1708-7_59"},{"key":"2944_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aeue.2020.153120","volume":"117","author":"C Psychalinos","year":"2020","unstructured":"C. Psychalinos, S. Minaei, L. Safari, Ultra low-power electronically tunable current-mode instrumentation amplifier for biomedical applications. AEU-Int. J. Electron. Commun. 117, 153120 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aeue.2020.153120","journal-title":"AEU-Int. J. Electron. Commun."},{"key":"2944_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1109\/ICECS.2013.6815373","volume":"55","author":"Z Qin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Z. Qin, A. Tanaka, N. Takaya, H. Yoshizawa, 0.5-V70-nW Rail-to-Rail Operational Amplifier Using a Cross-coupled Output Stage. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II 55, 1009\u20131013 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICECS.2013.6815373","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II"},{"key":"2944_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. K. Rai, M. Gupta, Current differencing transconductance amplifier (CDTA) with high transconductance and its application in filter and oscillator, Optik 127 6, 3388\u20133396 (2016). http:\/\/refhub.elsevier.com\/S0167-9260(23)00028-7\/sb32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2015.12.112"},{"key":"2944_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"J. Ramos, J. L. Aus\u00edn, J. F. Duque-Carrillo, G. Torelli, Wideband low-power current-feedback instrumentation amplifiers for bioelectrical signals. in Proceedings of the International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals and Devices, Chemnitz, Germany, 20\u201323 March 2012, pp. 1\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/SSD.2012.6198115","DOI":"10.1109\/SSD.2012.6198115"},{"key":"2944_CR44","unstructured":"B. Razavi, Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits, first ed., McGraw-Hill, 2001."},{"key":"2944_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.3390\/jlpea10040034","volume":"10","author":"M Renteria-Pinon","year":"2020","unstructured":"M. Renteria-Pinon, J. Ramirez-Angulo, A. Diaz-Sanchez, Simple Scheme for the implementation of low voltage fully differential amplifiers without output common-mode feedback network. J. Low Power Electron. Appl. 10, 34 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jlpea10040034","journal-title":"J. Low Power Electron. Appl."},{"key":"2944_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2018.01.016","volume":"74","author":"Y Rezaeiyan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Y. Rezaeiyan, M. Zamani, O. Shoaei, W.A. Serdjin, A 0.5 \u03bcA\/channel front-end for implantable and external ambulatory ECG recorders. Microelectron. J. 74, 79\u201385 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mejo.2018.01.016","journal-title":"Microelectron. J."},{"issue":"12","key":"2944_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aeue.2018.03.021","volume":"89","author":"L Safari","year":"2018","unstructured":"L. Safari, S. Minaei, G. Ferri, V. Stornelli, Analysis and design of a new COA-based current-mode instrumentation amplifier with robust performance against mismatches. AEU Int. J. Electron. Comm. 89(12), 105\u2013109 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aeue.2018.03.021","journal-title":"AEU Int. J. Electron. Comm."},{"key":"2944_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aeue.2018.04.011","volume":"91","author":"L Safari","year":"2018","unstructured":"L. Safari, S. Minaei, G. Ferri, V. Stornelli, A low-voltage low-power instrumentation amplifier based on supply current sensing technique. AEU-Int. J. Electron. C. 91, 125\u2013131 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aeue.2018.04.011","journal-title":"AEU-Int. J. Electron. C."},{"key":"2944_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03772063.2023.2204857","author":"D Sharma","year":"2023","unstructured":"D. Sharma, A. Rai, S. Debbarma, O. Prakash, M.K. Ojha, V. Nath, Design and optimization of 4-bit array multiplier with adiabatic logic using 65nm CMOS technologies. IETE J. Res. (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03772063.2023.2204857","journal-title":"IETE J. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2944_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.8191366","volume":"1","author":"D Sharma","year":"2023","unstructured":"D. Sharma, N. Shylashree, R. Prasad, V. Nath, Analysis of programmable gain instrumentation amplifier. Int. J. Microsyst. IoT 1(1), 41\u201347 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.8191366","journal-title":"Int. J. Microsyst. IoT"},{"key":"2944_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rineng.2024.102357","volume":"22","author":"D Sharma","year":"2024","unstructured":"D. Sharma, V. Nath, CMOS operational amplifier design for industrial and biopotential applications: comprehensive review and circuit implementation. Results Eng. 22, 102357 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rineng.2024.102357","journal-title":"Results Eng."},{"key":"2944_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00542-024-05739-3","author":"D Sharma","year":"2024","unstructured":"D. Sharma, V. Nath, Design of a novel CMOS instrumentation amplifier using 90 nm technology. Microsyst. Technol. (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00542-024-05739-3","journal-title":"Microsyst. Technol."},{"key":"2944_CR53","first-page":"159","volume":"30","author":"D Sharma","year":"2024","unstructured":"D. Sharma, V. Nath, CMOS instrumentation amplifier: comparative analysis and design for enhanced performance in diverse applications. Microwave Review 30, 159\u2013168 (2024)","journal-title":"Microwave Review"},{"key":"2944_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1080\/00207217.2021.1941291","volume":"109","author":"S Soni","year":"2021","unstructured":"S. Soni, V. Niranjan, A. Kumar, Design of high gain and high bandwidth operational transconductance amplifier (OTA). Int. J. Electron. 109, 774\u2013793 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00207217.2021.1941291","journal-title":"Int. J. Electron."},{"key":"2944_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.1987.1052869Y.-C","volume":"22","author":"MSJ Steyaert","year":"1987","unstructured":"M.S.J. Steyaert, W.M.C. Sansen, A micropower low-noise monolithic instrumentation amplifier for medical purposes. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits 22, 1163\u20131168 (1987). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JSSC.1987.1052869Y.-C","journal-title":"IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits"},{"key":"2944_CR56","unstructured":"Y.-C. Teng, K.M. Odame, A CMOS monolithic amplifier for cardiac EIT applications, Analog Integr. Circuits Signal Process. 1\u201314 (2022). http:\/\/refhub.elsevier.com\/S0167-9260(23)00028-7\/sb43"},{"key":"2944_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1109\/4.222171","volume":"28","author":"BJ van den Dool","year":"1993","unstructured":"B.J. van den Dool, J.K. Huijsing, Indirect current feedback instrumentation amplifier with a common-mode input range that includes the negative rail. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits 28, 743\u2013749 (1993). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/4.222171","journal-title":"IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits"},{"key":"2944_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2014.2359962","volume":"50","author":"N Van Helleputte","year":"2015","unstructured":"N. Van Helleputte, M. Konijnenburg, J. Pettine, D. Jee, H. Kim, A. Morgado, R. Van Wegberg, T. Torfs, R. Mohan, A. Breeschoten et al., A 345\u00a0\u03bcW multi-sensor biomedical SoC with bio-impedance, 3-channel ECG, motion artifact reduction, and integrated DSP. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits 50, 230\u2013244 (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JSSC.2014.2359962","journal-title":"IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits"},{"key":"2944_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K. Vicuna, C. Mosquera, M. Rendon, A. Musello, M. Lanuzza, L. Procel, R. Taco, L. Trojman, A 180 nm Low-Cost Operational Amplifier for IoT Applications. in 2021 IEEE Fifth Ecuador Technical Chapters Meeting (ETCM), Oct 2021, Cuenca, Ecuador. pp.1\u20136, https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-03575586","DOI":"10.1109\/ETCM53643.2021.9590655"},{"key":"2944_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Wang, R. Harjani, Partial positive feedback for gain enhancement of low power CMOS OTAs, in: Low-Voltage Low-Power. Analog Integrated Circuits, Springer, 21\u201335 (1995). http:\/\/refhub.elsevier.com\/S0167-9260(23)00028-7\/sb34","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-2283-6_3"},{"key":"2944_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2019.2935172","volume":"67","author":"KC Woo","year":"2020","unstructured":"K.C. Woo, B.D. Yang, A 0.25-V Rail-to-Rail Three-Stage OTA With an Enhanced DC Gain. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II: Express Briefs 67, 1179\u20131183 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TCSII.2019.2935172","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II: Express Briefs"},{"key":"2944_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2137","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2015.2411794","volume":"62","author":"A Worapishet","year":"2015","unstructured":"A. Worapishet, A. Demosthenous, Generalized analysis of random common-mode rejection performance of CMOS current feedback instrumentation amplifiers. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I Regul. Pap. 62, 2137\u20132146 (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TCSI.2015.2411794","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I Regul. Pap."},{"key":"2944_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2010.2078850","volume":"58","author":"A Worapishet","year":"2011","unstructured":"A. Worapishet, A. Demosthenous, X. Liu, A CMOS instrumentation amplifier with 90-dB CMRR at 2-MHz using capacitive neutralization: Analysis, design considerations, and implementation. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst. I Regul. Pap. 58, 699\u2013710 (2011). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TCSI.2010.2078850","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Circuits Syst. I Regul. Pap."},{"key":"2944_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Wu, J. H. Huijsing, K. A. Makinwa, Precision Instrumentation Amplifiers and Read-Out Integrated Circuits, Springer Science & Business Media, (2012)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-3731-4"},{"key":"2944_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.14445\/22315381\/IJETT-V43P209","volume":"43","author":"V Yadav","year":"2017","unstructured":"V. Yadav, N. Saxena, A. Rajput, A darlington pair based CMOS two stage operational amplifier at 32nm technology. Int. J. Eng. Trends Technol. 43, 53\u201357 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14445\/22315381\/IJETT-V43P209","journal-title":"Int. J. Eng. Trends Technol."},{"key":"2944_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12385","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3144688","volume":"10","author":"M Yoo","year":"2022","unstructured":"M. Yoo, Y. Kwon, H. Kim, G. Choi, K. Nam, H. Ko, Low-noise resistive bridge sensor analog front-end using chopper-stabilized multipath current feedback instrumentation amplifier and automatic offset cancellation loop. IEEE Access 10, 12385\u201312394 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3144688","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"2944_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Y. Q. Zhao, A. Demosthenous, R. H. Bayford, A CMOS instrumentation amplifier for wideband bioimpedance spectroscopy systems. in Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, Kos, Greece, 21\u201324 May 2006, 5079\u20135082. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ISCAS.2006.1693774","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCAS.2006.1693774"}],"container-title":["Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00034-024-02944-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00034-024-02944-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00034-024-02944-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T16:21:11Z","timestamp":1742314871000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00034-024-02944-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["2944"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00034-024-02944-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0278-081X","1531-5878"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0278-081X","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-5878","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 March 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 December 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 December 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 December 2024","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}