{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T15:31:16Z","timestamp":1772724676754,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742256000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Circuits Syst Signal Process"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00034-025-03044-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T15:17:08Z","timestamp":1742311028000},"page":"5157-5173","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Window Function Shape Independent Short Time Fourier Transform and Efficient Signal Reconstruction from Time Frequency Distribution"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2848-8031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bertan","family":"Karahoda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"3044_CR1","unstructured":"S.K. Mitra, Digital signal processing: a computer-based approach (McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2001)"},{"issue":"1","key":"3044_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1109\/TASSP.1980.1163359","volume":"28","author":"M Portnoff","year":"1980","unstructured":"M. Portnoff, Time-frequency representation of digital signals and systems based on short-time Fourier analysis. IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process. 28(1), 55\u201369 (1980)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process."},{"key":"3044_CR3","volume-title":"A wavelet tour of signal processing","author":"S Mallat","year":"1999","unstructured":"S. Mallat, A wavelet tour of signal processing (Elsevier, 1999)"},{"key":"3044_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-0137-3_8","volume-title":"Wavelet Transforms and Time-Frequency Signal Analysis","author":"L Cohen","year":"2001","unstructured":"L. Cohen, The uncertainty principle for the short-time Fourier transform and wavelet transform, in Wavelet Transforms and Time-Frequency Signal Analysis. (Birkh\u00e4user Boston, Boston, MA, 2001), pp.217\u2013232"},{"issue":"4","key":"3044_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3809","DOI":"10.1007\/s12652-022-04204-1","volume":"14","author":"M Chalaki","year":"2023","unstructured":"M. Chalaki, H. Omranpour, Epileptic seizure classification using ConvLSTM deep classifier and rotation short-time Fourier Transform. J. Ambient. Intell. Humaniz. Comput. 14(4), 3809\u20133825 (2023)","journal-title":"J. Ambient. Intell. Humaniz. Comput."},{"key":"3044_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K. Liu, J. Chen, B. Wei, & Y. Ding, (2023). A Method of radar signal detection based on nonlinear square short-time Fourier transform. In 2023 6th International conference on information communication and signal processing (ICICSP) (pp. 533\u2013537). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ICICSP59554.2023.10390557"},{"key":"3044_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2023.106037","volume":"122","author":"TH Wan","year":"2023","unstructured":"T.H. Wan, C.W. Tsang, K. Hui, E. Chung, Anomaly detection of train wheels utilizing short-time Fourier transform and unsupervised learning algorithms. Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell. 122, 106037 (2023)","journal-title":"Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"3044_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2017.11.003","volume":"77","author":"C Mateo","year":"2018","unstructured":"C. Mateo, J.A. Talavera, Short-time Fourier transform with the window size fixed in the frequency domain. Digit. Signal Process. 77, 13\u201321 (2018)","journal-title":"Digit. Signal Process."},{"issue":"2","key":"3044_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1109\/97.554468","volume":"4","author":"RN Czerwinski","year":"1997","unstructured":"R.N. Czerwinski, D.L. Jones, Adaptive short-time Fourier analysis. IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 4(2), 42\u201345 (1997)","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process. Lett."},{"key":"3044_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2022.103472","volume":"126","author":"B Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"B. Li, Z. Zhang, X. Zhu, Multitaper adaptive short-time Fourier transform with chirp-modulated Gaussian window and multitaper extracting transform. Digit. Signal Process. 126, 103472 (2022)","journal-title":"Digit. Signal Process."},{"key":"3044_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2019.07.024","volume":"166","author":"L Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"L. Li, H. Cai, H. Han, Q. Jiang, H. Ji, Adaptive short-time Fourier transform and synchrosqueezing transform for non-stationary signal separation. Signal Process. 166, 107231 (2020)","journal-title":"Signal Process."},{"key":"3044_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T. Oberlin, S. Meignen, & V. Perrier, The Fourier-based synchrosqueezing transform. In 2014 IEEE international conference on acoustics, speech and signal processing (ICASSP) (pp. 315\u2013319). IEEE (2014)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2014.6853609"},{"issue":"10","key":"3044_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8042","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2017.2696503","volume":"64","author":"G Yu","year":"2017","unstructured":"G. Yu, M. Yu, C. Xu, Synchroextracting transform. IEEE Trans. Industr. Electron. 64(10), 8042\u20138054 (2017)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Industr. Electron."},{"issue":"2","key":"3044_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1049\/sil2.12073","volume":"16","author":"R Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"R. Zhang, X. Liu, Y. Zheng, H. Lv, B. Li, S. Yang, Y. Tan, Time-frequency synchroextracting transform. IET Signal Proc. 16(2), 117\u2013131 (2022)","journal-title":"IET Signal Proc."},{"key":"3044_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2023.106199","volume":"123","author":"M Alizamir","year":"2023","unstructured":"M. Alizamir, J. Shiri, A.F. Fard, S. Kim, A.D. Gorgij, S. Heddam, V.P. Singh, Improving the accuracy of daily solar radiation prediction by climatic data using an efficient hybrid deep learning model: long short-term memory (LSTM) network coupled with wavelet transform. Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell. 123, 106199 (2023)","journal-title":"Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"3044_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2023.104811","volume":"85","author":"B Gosala","year":"2023","unstructured":"B. Gosala, P.D. Kapgate, P. Jain, R.N. Chaurasia, M. Gupta, Wavelet transforms for feature engineering in EEG data processing: an application on Schizophrenia. Biomed. Signal Process. Control 85, 104811 (2023)","journal-title":"Biomed. Signal Process. Control"},{"key":"3044_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymssp.2023.111026","volume":"208","author":"H Xu","year":"2024","unstructured":"H. Xu, Y.H. Liu, J. Chen, D.S. Yang, Y.B. Yang, Novel formula for determining bridge damping ratio from two wheels of a scanning vehicle by wavelet transform. Mech. Syst. Signal Process. 208, 111026 (2024)","journal-title":"Mech. Syst. Signal Process."},{"issue":"4","key":"3044_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1109\/78.492555","volume":"44","author":"RG Stockwell","year":"1996","unstructured":"R.G. Stockwell, L. Mansinha, R.P. Lowe, Localization of the complex spectrum: the S transform. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 44(4), 998\u20131001 (1996)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"key":"3044_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prime.2023.100162","volume":"4","author":"MY Bhat","year":"2023","unstructured":"M.Y. Bhat, A.H. Dar, Quadratic phase S-Transform: properties and uncertainty principles. e-Prime-Adv. Electr. Eng. Electron. Energy 4, 100162 (2023)","journal-title":"e-Prime-Adv. Electr. Eng. Electron. Energy"},{"issue":"3","key":"3044_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1007\/s11760-013-0551-1","volume":"8","author":"K Kazemi","year":"2014","unstructured":"K. Kazemi, M. Amirian, M.J. Dehghani, The S-transform using a new window to improve frequency and time resolutions. Signal, Image Video Process. 8(3), 533\u2013541 (2014)","journal-title":"Signal, Image Video Process."},{"issue":"2","key":"3044_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2021.3083240","volume":"18","author":"C Liang","year":"2021","unstructured":"C. Liang, Z. Teng, J. Li, W. Yao, S. Hu, Y. Yang, Q. He, A Kaiser window-based S-transform for time-frequency analysis of power quality signals. IEEE Trans. Industr. Inf. 18(2), 965\u2013975 (2021)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Industr. Inf."},{"key":"3044_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2021.103216","volume":"119","author":"A Akan","year":"2021","unstructured":"A. Akan, O.K. Cura, Time\u2013frequency signal processing: today and future. Digit. Signal Process. 119, 103216 (2021)","journal-title":"Digit. Signal Process."},{"issue":"11","key":"3044_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2137","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2015.2463093","volume":"22","author":"P Flandrin","year":"2015","unstructured":"P. Flandrin, Time\u2013frequency filtering based on spectrogram zeros. IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 22(11), 2137\u20132141 (2015)","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process. Lett."},{"key":"3044_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27114","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2761741","volume":"5","author":"N Yang","year":"2017","unstructured":"N. Yang, M. Usman, X. He, M.A. Jan, L. Zhang, Time-frequency filter bank: a simple approach for audio and music separation. IEEE Access 5, 27114\u201327125 (2017)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"3044_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B. Yang, A study of inverse short-time Fourier transform. In 2008 IEEE international conference on acoustics, speech and signal processing (pp. 3541\u20133544). IEEE. (2008)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2008.4518416"},{"key":"3044_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2017.03.002","volume":"65","author":"S Ouelha","year":"2017","unstructured":"S. Ouelha, S. Touati, B. Boashash, An efficient inverse short-time Fourier transform algorithm for improved signal reconstruction by time-frequency synthesis: optimality and computational issues. Digit. Signal Process. 65, 81\u201393 (2017)","journal-title":"Digit. Signal Process."},{"key":"3044_CR27","unstructured":"Baba Dash, Stockwell Transform (S-Transform). (2024). (https:\/\/www.mathworks.com\/matlabcentral\/fileexchange\/45848-stockwell-transform-s-transform), MATLAB Central File Exchange. Retrieved February 17, 2024"},{"issue":"23","key":"3044_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e215","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.23.e215","volume":"101","author":"A Goldberger","year":"2000","unstructured":"A. Goldberger, L. Amaral, L. Glass, J. Hausdorff, P.C. Ivanov, R. Mark, H.E. Stanley, PhysioBank, PhysioToolkit, and PhysioNet: components of a new research resource for complex physiologic signals. Circulation 101(23), e215\u2013e220 (2000)","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"3044_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1109\/51.932724","volume":"20","author":"GB Moody","year":"2001","unstructured":"G.B. Moody, R.G. Mark, The impact of the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. 20(3), 45\u201350 (2001)","journal-title":"IEEE Eng. Med. Biol."},{"key":"3044_CR30","unstructured":"Ali Shoeb. Application of Machine Learning to Epileptic Seizure Onset Detection and Treatment. PhD Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, September 2009"},{"key":"3044_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"J. Guttag, CHB-MIT Scalp EEG Database (version 1.0.0). PhysioNet. (2010) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13026\/C2K01R","DOI":"10.13026\/C2K01R"}],"container-title":["Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00034-025-03044-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00034-025-03044-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00034-025-03044-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T21:02:24Z","timestamp":1751403744000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00034-025-03044-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["3044"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00034-025-03044-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0278-081X","1531-5878"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0278-081X","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-5878","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 April 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 February 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 February 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 March 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}