{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T11:30:21Z","timestamp":1770031821545,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]],"date-time":"2025-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757203200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]],"date-time":"2025-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757203200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Circuits Syst Signal Process"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00034-025-03267-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]],"date-time":"2025-09-07T12:15:02Z","timestamp":1757247302000},"page":"596-620","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Design and Analysis of a High-Speed Approximate Restoring Array Based Log Divider (ARLD)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Gowtham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5603-0976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. Anita","family":"Angeline","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9033-8504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P.","family":"Sasipriya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"3267_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.2019.2953751","volume":"69","author":"E Adams","year":"2020","unstructured":"E. Adams, S. Venkatachalam, S.B. Ko, Approximate restoring dividers using inexact cells and estimation from partial remainders. IEEE Trans. Comput. 69(4), 468\u2013474 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TC.2019.2953751","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Comput."},{"key":"3267_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2020.08.002","volume":"76","author":"N Arya","year":"2021","unstructured":"N. Arya, T. Soni, M. Pattanaik, G.K. Sharma, A fixed restoring array-based accuracy-configurable approximate divider for energy efficiency. Integration 76, 1\u201312 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vlsi.2020.08.002","journal-title":"Integration"},{"issue":"1","key":"3267_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1109\/TVLSI.2022.3224011","volume":"31","author":"K Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"K. Chen, Y. Gao, H. Waris, W. Liu, F. Lombardi, Approximate softmax functions for energy-efficient deep neural networks. IEEE Trans. Very Large-Scale Integr. (VLSI) Syst. 31(1), 4\u201316 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TVLSI.2022.3224011","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Very Large-Scale Integr. (VLSI) Syst."},{"issue":"8","key":"3267_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2522","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.2015.2494005","volume":"65","author":"L Chen","year":"2016","unstructured":"L. Chen, J. Han, W. Liu, F. Lombardi, On the design of approximate restoring dividers for error-tolerant applications. IEEE Trans. Comput. 65(8), 2522\u20132533 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TC.2015.2494005","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Comput."},{"key":"3267_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"L. Chen, J. Han, W. Liu and F. Lombardi, Design of Approximate Unsigned Integer Non-Restoring Divider for Inexact Computing. in Proceedings of the 25th edition on Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI (GLSVLSI \u201815), (Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2015), pp. 51\u201356 . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2742060.2742063","DOI":"10.1145\/2742060.2742063"},{"key":"3267_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146022","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3467375","volume":"12","author":"M Dalloo","year":"2024","unstructured":"M. Dalloo, A. Jaleel Humaidi, A.K. Al Mhdawi, H. Al-Raweshidy, Approximate computing: Concepts, architectures, challenges, applications, and future directions. IEEE Access 12, 146022\u2013146088 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3467375","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"3267_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13675","DOI":"10.1149\/10701.13675ecst","volume":"107","author":"P Gowtham","year":"2022","unstructured":"P. Gowtham et al., Design of approximate restoring dividers for error resilient applications. ECS Trans. 107, 13675 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1149\/10701.13675ecst","journal-title":"ECS Trans."},{"key":"3267_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"J. Han, and M. Orshansky, Approximate computing: An emerging paradigm for energy-efficient design. in 2013 18th IEEE European Test Symposium (ETS), Avignon, France, (2013), pp. 1\u20136 . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ETS.2013.6569370","DOI":"10.1109\/ETS.2013.6569370"},{"key":"3267_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"L. Harris, S. F. Oberman and M. A. Horowitz, SRT division architectures and implementations. in Proceedings 13th IEEE Symposium on Computer Arithmetic, (Asilomar, CA, USA, 1997), pp. 18\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ARITH.1997.614875","DOI":"10.1109\/ARITH.1997.614875"},{"key":"3267_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"S. Hashemi, R. I. Bahar and S. Reda, A low-power dynamic divider for approximate applications. in 2016 53nd ACM\/EDAC\/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC) (Austin, TX, USA, 2016), pp. 1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2897937.2897965","DOI":"10.1145\/2897937.2897965"},{"key":"3267_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"H. Jiang, L. Liu, F. Lombardi and J. Han, Adaptive approximation in arithmetic circuits: A low-power unsigned divider design. in 2018 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE) (Dresden, Germany, 2018), pp. 1411\u20131416. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23919\/DATE.2018.8342233","DOI":"10.23919\/DATE.2018.8342233"},{"issue":"3","key":"3267_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1109\/CJECE.2013.6704691","volume":"36","author":"K Kunaraj","year":"2013","unstructured":"K. Kunaraj, R. Seshasayanan, Leading one detectors and leading one position detectors - an evolutionary design methodology. Can. J. Electr. Comput. Eng. 36(3), 103\u2013110 (2013). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CJECE.2013.6704691","journal-title":"Can. J. Electr. Comput. Eng."},{"issue":"9","key":"3267_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1760","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.2012.146","volume":"62","author":"J Liang","year":"2013","unstructured":"J. Liang, J. Han, F. Lombardi, New metrics for the reliability of approximate and probabilistic adders. IEEE Trans. Comput. 62(9), 1760\u20131771 (2013). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TC.2012.146","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Comput."},{"issue":"1","key":"3267_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1109\/TETC.2020.3022290","volume":"10","author":"W Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"W. Liu, T. Xu, J. Li, C. Wang, P. Montuschi, F. Lombardi, Design of unsigned approximate hybrid dividers based on restoring array and logarithmic dividers. IEEE Trans. Emerg. Top. Comput. 10(1), 339\u2013350 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TETC.2020.3022290","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Emerg. Top. Comput."},{"key":"3267_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"W. Liu, J. Li, T. Xu, C. Wang, P. Montuschi and F. Lombardi, Combining restoring array and logarithmic dividers into an approximate hybrid design. in 2018 IEEE 25th Symposium on Computer Arithmetic (ARITH), (Amherst, MA, USA, 2018), pp. 92\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ARITH.2018.8464807","DOI":"10.1109\/ARITH.2018.8464807"},{"issue":"no. 4","key":"3267_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1109\/TEC.1962.5219391","volume":"EC-11","author":"JN Mitchell","year":"1962","unstructured":"J.N. Mitchell, Computer multiplication and division using binary logarithms. IRE Trans. Electron. Comput. EC-11(4), 512\u2013517 (1962). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TEC.1962.5219391","journal-title":"IRE Trans. Electron. Comput."},{"issue":"8","key":"3267_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1109\/12.609274","volume":"46","author":"SF Obermann","year":"1997","unstructured":"S.F. Obermann, M.J. Flynn, Division algorithms and implementations. IEEE Trans. Comput. 46(8), 833\u2013854 (1997). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/12.609274","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Comput."},{"issue":"2","key":"3267_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1109\/12.565590","volume":"46","author":"SF Oberman","year":"1997","unstructured":"S.F. Oberman, M.J. Flynn, Design issues in division and other floating-point operations. IEEE Trans. Comput. 46(2), 154\u2013161 (1997). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/12.565590","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Comput."},{"key":"3267_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H. Saadat, H. Javaid and S. Parameswaran, Approximate integer and floating-point dividers with near-zero error bias. in 2019 56th ACM\/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC), (Las Vegas, NV, USA, 2019), pp. 1\u20136","DOI":"10.1145\/3316781.3317773"},{"key":"3267_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"S. Vahdat, M. Kamal, A. Afzali-Kusha, M. Pedram and Z. Navabi, TruncApp: a truncation-based approximate divider for energy efficient DSP applications. in Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE), 2017, (Lausanne, Switzerland, 2017), pp. 1635\u20131638. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23919\/DATE.2017.7927254","DOI":"10.23919\/DATE.2017.7927254"},{"key":"3267_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"S. Venkatachalam, E. Adams and S. -B. Ko, Design of Approximate Restoring Dividers. in 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), (Sapporo, Japan, 2019), pp. 1\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ISCAS.2019.8702363","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCAS.2019.8702363"},{"key":"3267_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"S. Venkataramani, S. T. Chakradhar, K. Roy and A. Raghunathan, Approximate computing and the quest for computing efficiency. in 2015 52nd ACM\/EDAC\/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC), (San Francisco, CA, USA), 2015, pp. 1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2744769.2744904","DOI":"10.1145\/2744769.2744904"},{"key":"3267_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpro.2024.105036","volume":"106","author":"G Vishal","year":"2024","unstructured":"G. Vishal, P. Gowtham, A. Anita Angeline, P. Sasipriya, Design and evaluation of low power and area efficient approximate Booth multipliers for error tolerant applications. Microprocess. Microsyst. 106, 105036 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micpro.2024.105036","journal-title":"Microprocess. Microsyst."},{"issue":"1","key":"3267_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1109\/MDAT.2015.2505723","volume":"33","author":"Q Xu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Q. Xu, T. Mytkowicz, N.S. Kim, Approximate computing: a survey. IEEE Design & Test 33(1), 8\u201322 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MDAT.2015.2505723","journal-title":"IEEE Design & Test"},{"issue":"4","key":"3267_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2459","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2023.3332692","volume":"71","author":"CY Yao","year":"2024","unstructured":"C.Y. Yao, Y.-Z. Huang, The design of the NLMS adaptive filters using the fast-division approximation with CSD encoded divisors. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II Express Briefs 71(4), 2459\u20132463 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TCSII.2023.3332692","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II Express Briefs"},{"key":"3267_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Zendegani, M. Kamal, A. Fayyazi, A. Afzali-Kusha, S. Safari and M. Pedram, SEERAD: A high speed yet energy-efficient rounding-based approximate divider. in 2016 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE), (Dresden, Germany, 2016), pp. 1481\u20131484","DOI":"10.3850\/9783981537079_0521"}],"container-title":["Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00034-025-03267-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00034-025-03267-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00034-025-03267-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T01:26:25Z","timestamp":1769995585000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00034-025-03267-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["3267"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00034-025-03267-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0278-081X","1531-5878"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0278-081X","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-5878","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 July 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 July 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 September 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization orentity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materialsdiscussed in this manuscript. The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}