{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T05:17:08Z","timestamp":1737523028004,"version":"3.33.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,9]],"date-time":"2007-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1191888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Machine Vision and Applications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00138-007-0084-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,8]],"date-time":"2007-10-08T13:54:37Z","timestamp":1191851677000},"page":"85-103","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["A unified learning framework for object detection and classification using nested cascades of boosted classifiers"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Verschae","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Ruiz-del-Solar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mauricio","family":"Correa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"84_CR1","first-page":"589","volume":"1","author":"S. Baluja","year":"2004","unstructured":"Baluja S., Sahami M. and Rowley H.A. (2004). Efficient face orientation discrimination. International conference on image processing 1: 589\u2013592","journal-title":"International conference on image processing"},{"key":"84_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brubaker, S.C., Mullin, M.D., Rehg, J.M.: Towards optimal training of cascaded detectors. ECCV 2006: 9th European conference on computer vision, Graz, Austria, 7\u201313 May, 2006, Proceedings, vol. 1, pp. 325\u2013337, Lecture Notes in Computer Science 3951 (2006)","DOI":"10.1007\/11744023_26"},{"key":"84_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buchala, S., Davey, N., Frank, R.J., Gale, T.M., Loomes M., Kanargard, W.: Gender classification of face images: the role of global and feature-based information. ICONIP 2004, Calcutta, India, Lecture Notes in Computer Science 3316, pp. 763\u2013768 (2004)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-30499-9_117"},{"issue":"11","key":"84_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2004.97","volume":"26","author":"M. Delakis","year":"2004","unstructured":"Delakis M. and Garcia C. (2004). Convolutional face finder: a neural architecture for fast and robust face detection. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 26(11): 1408\u20131423","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"84_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2004.07.014","volume":"98","author":"I. Fasel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fasel I., Fortenberry B. and Movellan J. (2005). A generative framework for real time object detection and classification. Comput. Vision Image Understand. 98: 182\u2013210","journal-title":"Comput. Vision Image Understand."},{"key":"84_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fr\u00f6ba, B., Ernst, A.: Face detection with the modified census transform. Sixth Int. Conf. on Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 91\u201396 (2004)","DOI":"10.1109\/AFGR.2004.1301514"},{"key":"84_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fr\u00f6ba, B., K\u00fcblbeck, Ch.: Robust face detection at video frame rate based on edge orientation features. Fifth Int. Conf. on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 342\u2013347 (2002)","DOI":"10.1109\/AFGR.2002.1004177"},{"key":"84_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1006\/cviu.2001.0921","volume":"83","author":"E. Hjelm\u00e5s","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hjelm\u00e5s E. and Low B.K. (2001). Face detection: a survey. Comput. Vision Image Understand. 83: 236\u2013274","journal-title":"Comput. Vision Image Understand."},{"key":"84_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jesorsky, O., Kirchberg, K.J., Frischholz, R.W.: Robust face detection using the Hausdorff distance. Third Int. Conf. on Audio- and Video-based Biometric Person Authentication, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, LNCS-2091, pp. 90\u201395 (2001)","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45344-X_14"},{"key":"84_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kirchberg, K.J., Jesorsky, O., Frischholz, R.W.: Genetic model optimization for Hausdorff distance-based face localization. Int. ECCV 2002 Workshop on Biometric Authentication, Lecture Notes In Computer Science; vol. 2359, pp. 103\u2013111 (2002)","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-47917-1_11"},{"key":"84_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K\u00f6lsch, M., Turk, M.: Robust Hand Detection. Sixth Int. Conf. on Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 614\u2013619 (2004)","DOI":"10.1109\/AFGR.2004.1301601"},{"key":"84_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, S.Z., Zhu, L., Zhang, Z.Q., Blake, A., Zhang, H.J., Shum, H.: Statistical learning of multi-view face detection. Seventh Eu. Conf. on Computer Vision, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2353, pp. 67\u201381 (2002)","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-47979-1_5"},{"key":"84_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, Y.-Y., Liu, T.-L., Fuh, C.-S.: Fast object detection with occlusion. Eighth European Conf. on Computer Vision, Lecture Notes in Computer Science 3021, pp. 402\u2013413 (2004)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-24670-1_31"},{"key":"84_CR14","unstructured":"Liu, C., Shum, H.-Y.: Kullback-leibler boosting. IEEE Conference of Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 587\u2013594 (2003)"},{"key":"84_CR15","unstructured":"Ma, Y., Ding, X., Wang, Z., Wang, N.: Robust precise eye location under probabilistic framework. Sixth Int. Conf. on Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 339\u2013344 (2004)"},{"issue":"5","key":"84_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1109\/34.1000244","volume":"24","author":"B. Moghaddam","year":"2002","unstructured":"Moghaddam B. and Yang M.-H. (2002). Learning gender with support faces. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 24(5): 707\u2013711","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"84_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Osuna, E., Freund, R., Girosi, F.: Training support vector machines: an application to face detection. IEEE Conference of Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 130\u2013136 (1997)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.1997.609310"},{"issue":"5","key":"84_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(97)00070-X","volume":"16","author":"P.J. Phillips","year":"1998","unstructured":"Phillips P.J., Wechsler H., Huang J. and Rauss P. (1998). The FERET database and evaluation procedure for face recognition algorithms. Image Vision Comput. J. 16(5): 295\u2013306","journal-title":"Image Vision Comput. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"84_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1109\/34.655647","volume":"20","author":"H. Rowley","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rowley H., Baluja S. and Kanade T. (1998). Neural network-based detection. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 20(1): 23\u201328","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"issue":"3","key":"84_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCC.2005.848201","volume":"35","author":"J. Ruiz-del-Solar","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ruiz-del-Solar J. and Navarrete P. (2005). Eigenspace-based face recognition: a comparative study of different approaches. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybernetics C (Special Issue on Biometric Systems) 35(3): 315\u2013325","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybernetics C (Special Issue on Biometric Systems)"},{"issue":"3","key":"84_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007614523901","volume":"37","author":"R. Schapire","year":"1999","unstructured":"Schapire R. and Singer Y. (1999). Improved boosting algorithms using confidence-rated predictions. Mach. Learn. 37(3): 297\u2013336","journal-title":"Mach. Learn."},{"key":"84_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schneiderman, H.: Feature-centric evaluation for efficient cascade object detection. IEEE Conference of Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 29\u201336 (2004)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2004.1315141"},{"key":"84_CR23","first-page":"746","volume":"1","author":"H. Schneiderman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Schneiderman H. and Kanade T. (2000). A statistical model for 3D object detection applied to faces and cars. IEEE Conf. Comput. Vision and Pattern Recogn. 1: 746\u2013751","journal-title":"IEEE Conf. Comput. Vision and Pattern Recogn."},{"key":"84_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shakhnarovich, G., Viola, P., Moghaddam, B.: A unified learning framework for real time face detection & classification. Int Conf. on Automatic Face & Gesture Recognition, FG 2002, pp. 16\u201326 (2002)","DOI":"10.1109\/AFGR.2002.1004124"},{"key":"84_CR25","unstructured":"Sun, J., Rehg, J.M, Bobick, A.F.: Automatic cascade training with perturbation bias. IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR 2004), vol. 2, pp. 276\u2013283 (2004)"},{"issue":"1","key":"84_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1109\/34.655648","volume":"20","author":"K. Sung","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sung K. and Poggio T. (1998). Example-based learning for viewed-based human face deteccion. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 20(1): 39\u201351","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"84_CR27","unstructured":"Torralba, A., Murphy, K., Freeman, W.: Sharing visual features for multiclass and multiview object detection. AI Memo 2004-008, MIT, CSAIL Laboratory (2004)"},{"key":"84_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verschae, R., Ruiz-del-Solar, J.: A hybrid face detector based on an asymmetrical adaboost cascade detector and a wavelet-Bayesian-detector. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 2686, Springer, Heidelberg pp. 742\u2013749 (2003)","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-44868-3_94"},{"key":"84_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verschae, R., Ruiz-del-Solar, J., K\u00f6ppen, M., Garcia, R.V.: Improvement of a face detection system by evolutionary multi-objective optimization. Fifth Int. Conf. on Hybrid Intelligent Systems, pp. 361\u2013366 (2005)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICHIS.2005.63"},{"key":"84_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verschae, R., Ruiz-del-Solar, J., Correa, M.: Gender classification of faces using adaboost. CIARP 2006. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. vol. 4225, 68\u201378 (2006)","DOI":"10.1007\/11892755_7"},{"key":"84_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Viola, P., Jones, M.: Rapid object detection using a boosted cascade of simple features. IEEE Conf. on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 511\u2013518 (2001)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2001.990517"},{"key":"84_CR32","volume-title":"Fast and robust classification using asymmetric adaboost and a detector cascade. Advances in Neural Information Processing System 14.","author":"P. Viola","year":"2002","unstructured":"Viola P. and Jones M. (2002). Fast and robust classification using asymmetric adaboost and a detector cascade. Advances in Neural Information Processing System 14.. MIT Press, Cambridge"},{"key":"84_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2003.1238422","volume":"2","author":"P. Viola","year":"2003","unstructured":"Viola P., Jones M. and Snow D. (2003). Detecting pedestrians using patterns of motion and appearance. Nineth IEEE Int. Conf. on Computer Vision 2: 734\u2013741","journal-title":"Nineth IEEE Int. Conf. on Computer Vision"},{"key":"84_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, B., Ai, H., Huang, C.: LUT-based Adaboost for gender classification. Fourth Int. Conf. on Audio and Video-based Biometric Person Authentication, June 10\u201311, Guildford, U.K. (2003)","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-44887-X_13"},{"key":"84_CR35","unstructured":"Wu, B., Ai, H., Huang, C., Lao, S.: Fast rotation invariant multi-view face detection based on real Adaboost. Sixth Int. Conf. on Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 79\u201384 (2004)"},{"key":"84_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, J., Mullin, M.D, Rehg, J.M.: Linear asymmetric classifier for cascade detectors. Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference (ICML 2005), pp. 988\u2013995 (2005)","DOI":"10.1145\/1102351.1102476"},{"key":"84_CR37","volume-title":"Learning a rare event detection cascade by direct feature selection. Proc. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 16 (NIPS*2003)","author":"J Wu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wu J, Rehg J.M. and Mullin M.D. (2003). Learning a rare event detection cascade by direct feature selection. Proc. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 16 (NIPS*2003). MIT Press, Cambridge"},{"key":"84_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2003.1238417","volume":"1","author":"R. Xiao","year":"2003","unstructured":"Xiao R., Zhu L. and Zhang H.-J. (2003). Boosting chain learning for object detection. Nineth IEEE Int. Conf. on Computer Vision 1: 709\u2013715","journal-title":"Nineth IEEE Int. Conf. on Computer Vision"},{"key":"84_CR39","unstructured":"Yang, M., Ahuja, N., Kriegman, D.: Mixtures of linear subspaces for face detection. Fourth IEEE Int. Conf. on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 70\u201376 (2000)"},{"key":"84_CR40","unstructured":"Yang, M.-H., Roth, D., Ahuja, N.: A SNoW-based face detector. Solla, S.A., Leen, T.K., M\u00fcller, K.-R. (eds.) Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 12, pp. 855\u2013861 (2000)"},{"issue":"1","key":"84_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1109\/34.982883","volume":"24","author":"M. Yang","year":"2002","unstructured":"Yang M., Kriegman D. and Ahuja N. (2002). Detecting faces in images: a survey. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 24(1): 34\u201358","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."}],"container-title":["Machine Vision and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00138-007-0084-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00138-007-0084-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00138-007-0084-0","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T12:58:30Z","timestamp":1737464310000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00138-007-0084-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,9]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]}},"alternative-id":["84"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00138-007-0084-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0932-8092","1432-1769"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0932-8092"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1432-1769"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,9]]}}}