{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T16:31:23Z","timestamp":1783009883476,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,8]],"date-time":"2011-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1310083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Machine Vision and Applications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00138-011-0355-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,7]],"date-time":"2011-07-07T01:31:11Z","timestamp":1310002271000},"page":"831-842","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":121,"title":["Symmetry-based monocular vehicle detection system"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Soo Siang","family":"Teoh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Br\u00e4unl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"355_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2006.104","volume":"28","author":"S. Zehang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zehang S., Bebis G., Miller R.: On-road vehicle detection: a review. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 28(5), 694\u2013711 (2006)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"355_CR2","unstructured":"Steux, B., Laurgeau, C., Salesse, L., Wautier, D.: Fade: A vehicle detection and tracking system featuring monocular color vision and radar data fusion. In: Intelligent Vehicle Symposium, 2002. IEEE, vol. , pp. 632\u2013639 (2002)"},{"key":"355_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Srinivasa, N., Yang, C., Daniell, C.: A fusion system for real-time forward collision warning in automobiles. In: Proceedings of the 2003 Intelligent Transportation Systems (IEEE 2003), vol. 1, pp. 57\u2013462 (2003)","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC.2003.1251996"},{"key":"355_CR4","unstructured":"Kadow, U., Schneider, G., Vukotich, A.: Radar-vision based vehicle recognition with evolutionary optimized and boosted features. In: Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, 2007. IEEE, pp. 749\u2013754 (2007)"},{"key":"355_CR5","unstructured":"Nedevschi, S., Vatavu, A., Oniga, F., Meinecke, M.M.: Forward collision detection using a stereo vision system. In: 4th International Conference on Intelligent Computer Communication and Processing, 2008 (ICCP 2008), pp. 115\u2013122 (2008)"},{"issue":"2","key":"355_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlaseng.2007.08.002","volume":"46","author":"K. Huh","year":"2008","unstructured":"Huh K., Park J., Hwang J., Hong D.: A stereo vision-based obstacle detection system in vehicles. Optics Lasers Eng. 46(2), 168\u2013178 (2008)","journal-title":"Optics Lasers Eng."},{"key":"355_CR7","unstructured":"Bertozzi, M., Broggi, A., Fascioli, A., Nichele, S.: Stereo vision-based vehicle detection. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, 2000 (IV 2000), pp. 39\u201344 (2000)"},{"key":"355_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(81)90024-2","volume":"17","author":"B.K.P. Horn","year":"1981","unstructured":"Horn B.K.P., Schunck B.G.: Determining optical flow. Artif. Intell. 17, 185\u2013203 (1981)","journal-title":"Artif. Intell."},{"issue":"8","key":"355_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1109\/34.400573","volume":"17","author":"S.M. Smith","year":"1995","unstructured":"Smith S.M., Brady J.M.: Asset-2: real-time motion segmentation and shape tracking. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 17(8), 814\u2013820 (1995)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"355_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heisele, B., Ritter, W.: Obstacle detection based on color blob flow. In: Proceedings of the Intelligent Vehicles \u201995 Symposium, pp. 282\u2013286 (1995)","DOI":"10.1109\/IVS.1995.528294"},{"key":"355_CR11","unstructured":"Seelen, C.T., von, W.: Vehicle detection in traffic scenes using shadows. Tech. rep., Institut fur Neuroinformatik, Ruhr-Universitat, Bochum, Germany, Inter. rep (1998)"},{"issue":"1","key":"355_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1109\/MRA.2005.1411417","volume":"12","author":"M.B. Van Leeuwen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Van Leeuwen M.B., Groen F.C.A.: Vehicle detection with a mobile camera: spotting midrange, distant, and passing cars. IEEE Robot. Autom. Mag. 12(1), 37\u201343 (2005)","journal-title":"IEEE Robot. Autom. Mag."},{"issue":"2","key":"355_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s001380050126","volume":"12","author":"M. Betke","year":"2000","unstructured":"Betke M., Haritaoglu E., Davis L.S.: Real-time multiple vehicle detection and tracking from a moving vehicle. Mach. Vis. Appl. 12(2), 69\u201383 (2000)","journal-title":"Mach. Vis. Appl."},{"key":"355_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-7621(96)00106-3","volume":"43","author":"M. Bertozzi","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bertozzi M., Broggi A., Castelluccio S.: A real-time oriented system for vehicle detection. J. Syst. Archit. 43, 317\u2013325 (1997)","journal-title":"J. Syst. Archit."},{"key":"355_CR15","unstructured":"Bensrhair, A., Bertozzi, A., Broggi, A., Fascioli, A., Mousset, S., Toulminet, G.: Stereo vision-based feature extraction for vehicle detection. In: Intelligent Vehicle Symposium, 2002. IEEE, vol. 2, pp. 465\u2013470 (2002)"},{"key":"355_CR16","unstructured":"Bin, D., Yajun, F., Tao, W.: A vehicle detection method via symmetry in multi-scale windows. In: 2nd IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, 2007 (ICIEA 2007), pp. 1827\u20131831 (2007)"},{"key":"355_CR17","unstructured":"Wei, L., XueZhi, W., Bobo, D., Huai, Y., Nan, W.: Rear vehicle detection and tracking for lane change assist. In: Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, 2007 IEEE, pp. 252\u2013257 (2007)"},{"key":"355_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zielke, T., Brauckmann, M., Seelen, W.V.: Intensity and edge-based symmetry detection with an application to car-following. In: CVGIP: Image Understanding, 58(2), pp. 177\u2013190 (1993)","DOI":"10.1006\/ciun.1993.1037"},{"issue":"4","key":"355_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8655(91)90039-O","volume":"12","author":"A. Kuehnle","year":"1991","unstructured":"Kuehnle A.: Symmetry-based recognition of vehicle rears. Pattern Recognit. Lett. 12(4), 249\u2013258 (1991)","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit. Lett."},{"key":"355_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Du, Y., Papanikolopoulos, N.P.: Real-time vehicle following through a novel symmetry-based approach. In: Proceedings of 1997 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, vol. 4, pp. 3160\u20133165 (1997)","DOI":"10.1109\/ROBOT.1997.606769"},{"issue":"1","key":"355_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2002.807650","volume":"50","author":"T. Bucher","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bucher T., Curio C., Edelbrunner J., Igel C., Kastrup D., Leefken I., Lorenz G., Steinhage A., von Seelen W.: Image processing and behavior planning for intelligent vehicles. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 50(1), 62\u201375 (2003)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron."},{"issue":"3","key":"355_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2007.891147","volume":"16","author":"T. Luo-Wei","year":"2007","unstructured":"Luo-Wei T., Jun-Wei H., Kuo-Chin F.: Vehicle detection using normalized color and edge map. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 16(3), 850\u2013864 (2007)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"355_CR23","unstructured":"Yen-Lin, C., Yuan-Hsin, C., Chao-Jung, C., Bing-Fei, W.: Nighttime vehicle detection for driver assistance and autonomous vehicles. In: 18th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 2006 (ICPR 2006), vol. 1, pp. 687\u2013690 (2006)"},{"key":"355_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eichner, M., Breckon, T.: Real-time video analysis for vehicle lights detection using temporal information. IET Conference Publications 2007(CP534), 15\u201315 (2007)","DOI":"10.1049\/cp:20070047"},{"key":"355_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Viola, P., Jones, M.: Rapid object detection using a boosted cascade of simple features. In: Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (2001)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2001.990517"},{"issue":"6","key":"355_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.1986.4767851","volume":"8","author":"J. Canny","year":"1986","unstructured":"Canny J.: A computational approach to edge detection. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 8(6), 679\u2013698 (1986)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"355_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zafarifar, B., Weda, H., de With, P.H.N.: Horizon detection based on sky-color and edge features. In: Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers SPIE Conference Series, vol. 6822 (2008)","DOI":"10.1117\/12.766689"},{"key":"355_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-2440-0","volume-title":"The Nature of Statistical Learning Theory","author":"V.N. Vapnik","year":"1995","unstructured":"Vapnik V.N.: The Nature of Statistical Learning Theory. Springer, New York (1995)"},{"key":"355_CR29","unstructured":"Han, Z., Ye, Q., Jiao, J.: Online feature evaluation for object tracking using Kalman filter. In: 19th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 2008 (ICPR 2008), pp. 1\u20134 (2008)"},{"key":"355_CR30","unstructured":"Cuevas, E., Zaldivar, D., Rojas, R.: Kalman filter for vision tracking. Measurement (August), 1\u201318 (2005)"},{"key":"355_CR31","unstructured":"Kohler, M.: Using the Kalman filter to track human interactive motion modelling and initialization of the Kalman filter for translational motion. Tech. rep., University of Dortmund, Germany (1997)"},{"key":"355_CR32","unstructured":"Boeing, A., Braunl, T.: ImprovCV: Open component based automotive vision. In: Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, 2008 IEEE, pp. 297\u2013302 (2008)"},{"key":"355_CR33","unstructured":"Hawe, S.: A component-based image processing framework for automotive vision. Master\u2019s thesis, University of Western Australia (2008)"},{"key":"355_CR34","unstructured":"OpenCV (open source computer vision) wiki. http:\/\/opencv.willowgarage.com\/wiki\/ . Accessed on 1st June 2010"}],"container-title":["Machine Vision and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00138-011-0355-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00138-011-0355-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00138-011-0355-7","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T00:01:05Z","timestamp":1741305665000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00138-011-0355-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,8]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]}},"alternative-id":["355"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00138-011-0355-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0932-8092","1432-1769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0932-8092","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1769","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,8]]}}}