{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,5]],"date-time":"2025-07-05T04:09:51Z","timestamp":1751688591991,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,12]],"date-time":"2018-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1526083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61472125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61472125"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Machine Vision and Applications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00138-018-0935-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,12]],"date-time":"2018-05-12T16:08:08Z","timestamp":1526141288000},"page":"815-825","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Directional gradients integration image for illumination insensitive face representation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Xiaochao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaping","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Ou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junfeng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"935_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1109\/34.598229","volume":"19","author":"Y Adini","year":"1997","unstructured":"Adini, Y., Moses, Y., Ullman, S.: Face recognition: the problem of compensating for changes in illumination direction. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 19(7), 721\u2013732 (1997)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"issue":"2","key":"935_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2003.1177153","volume":"25","author":"R Basri","year":"2003","unstructured":"Basri, R., Jacobs, D.W.: Lambertian reflectance and linear subspaces. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 25(2), 218\u2013233 (2003)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"issue":"7","key":"935_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1109\/34.598228","volume":"19","author":"PN Belhumeur","year":"1997","unstructured":"Belhumeur, P.N., Hespanha, J.P., Kriegman, D.J.: Eigenfaces versus fisherfaces: recognition using class specific linear projection. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 19(7), 711\u2013720 (1997)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"issue":"3","key":"935_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008005721484","volume":"28","author":"PN Belhumeur","year":"1998","unstructured":"Belhumeur, P.N., Kriegman, D.J.: What is the set of images of an object under all possible illumination conditions? Int. J. Comput. Vis. 28(3), 245\u2013260 (1998)","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Vis."},{"issue":"9","key":"935_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2006.195","volume":"28","author":"T Chen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chen, T., Yin, W., Zhou, X.S., Comaniciu, D., Huang, T.S.: Total variation models for variable lighting face recognition. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 28(9), 1519\u20131524 (2006)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"issue":"6","key":"935_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1109\/34.927464","volume":"23","author":"AS Georghiades","year":"2001","unstructured":"Georghiades, A.S., Belhumeur, P.N., Kriegman, D.J.: From few to many: illumination cone models for face recognition under variable lighting and pose. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 23(6), 643\u2013660 (2001)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"unstructured":"Georghiades, A.S., Kriegman, D.J., Belhurneur, P.: Illumination cones for recognition under variable lighting: faces. In: Proceedings of IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 1998, pp. 52\u201358. IEEE (1998)","key":"935_CR7"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gross, R., Brajovic, V.: An image preprocessing algorithm for illumination invariant face recognition. In: Kittler J, Nixon MS (eds) Audio-and Video-Based Biometric Person Authentication, pp. 10\u201318. Springer (2003)","key":"935_CR8","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-44887-X_2"},{"key":"935_CR9","volume-title":"Robot Vision","author":"B Horn","year":"1986","unstructured":"Horn, B.: Robot Vision. MIT press, Cambridge, MA (1986)"},{"issue":"3","key":"935_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1109\/83.557356","volume":"6","author":"DJ Jobson","year":"1997","unstructured":"Jobson, D.J., Rahman, Zu, Woodell, G., et al.: Properties and performance of a center\/surround retinex. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 6(3), 451\u2013462 (1997)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kawamura, A., Yura, K., Hayama, T., Hidai, Y., Minamikawa, T., Tanaka, A., Masuda, S.: Online recognition of freely handwritten Japanese characters using directional feature densities. In: Proceedings of 11th IAPR International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 1992, Vol. II. Conference B: Pattern Recognition Methodology and Systems, pp. 183\u2013186. IEEE (1992)","key":"935_CR11","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.1992.201750"},{"unstructured":"Lee, J., Moghaddam, B., Pfister, H., Machiraju, R.: A bilinear illumination model for robust face recognition. In: 10th IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, 2005, ICCV 2005, vol.\u00a02, pp. 1177\u20131184. IEEE (2005)","key":"935_CR12"},{"unstructured":"Lee, K.C., Ho, J., Kriegman, D.: Nine points of light: acquiring subspaces for face recognition under variable lighting. In: Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2001, CVPR 2001, vol.\u00a01, pp. I\u2013519. IEEE (2001)","key":"935_CR13"},{"issue":"5","key":"935_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2005.92","volume":"27","author":"KC Lee","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lee, K.C., Ho, J., Kriegman, D.J.: Acquiring linear subspaces for face recognition under variable lighting. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 27(5), 684\u2013698 (2005)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"issue":"7","key":"935_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1109\/34.56205","volume":"12","author":"P Perona","year":"1990","unstructured":"Perona, P., Malik, J.: Scale-space and edge detection using anisotropic diffusion. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 12(7), 629\u2013639 (1990)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"issue":"10","key":"935_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2448","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.18.002448","volume":"18","author":"R Ramamoorthi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ramamoorthi, R., Hanrahan, P.: On the relationship between radiance and irradiance: determining the illumination from images of a convex lambertian object. JOSA A 18(10), 2448\u20132459 (2001)","journal-title":"JOSA A"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Samsung, S.: Integral normalized gradient image a novel illumination insensitive representation. In: IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition-Workshops, 2005. CVPR Workshops, pp. 166\u2013166. IEEE (2005)","key":"935_CR17","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2005.579"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Savvides, M., Kumar, B.V.: Illumination normalization using logarithm transforms for face authentication. In: Kittler J, Nixon MS (eds) Audio-and Video-Based Biometric Person Authentication, pp. 549\u2013556. Springer (2003)","key":"935_CR18","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-44887-X_65"},{"unstructured":"Shan, S., Gao, W., Cao, B., Zhao, D.: Illumination normalization for robust face recognition against varying lighting conditions. In: IEEE International Workshop on Analysis and Modeling of Faces and Gestures, 2003, AMFG 2003, pp. 157\u2013164. IEEE (2003)","key":"935_CR19"},{"issue":"2","key":"935_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1109\/34.908964","volume":"23","author":"A Shashua","year":"2001","unstructured":"Shashua, A., Riklin-Raviv, T.: The quotient image: class-based re-rendering and recognition with varying illuminations. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 23(2), 129\u2013139 (2001)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"unstructured":"Sim, T., Baker, S., Bsat, M.: The CMU pose, illumination, and expression (PIE) database. In: Proceedings of 5th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, 2002, pp. 46\u201351. IEEE (2002)","key":"935_CR21"},{"issue":"1","key":"935_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.1991.3.1.71","volume":"3","author":"M Turk","year":"1991","unstructured":"Turk, M., Pentland, A.: Eigenfaces for recognition. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 3(1), 71\u201386 (1991)","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"unstructured":"Wang, H., Li, S.Z., Wang, Y.: Face recognition under varying lighting conditions using self quotient image. In: Proceedings of 6th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, 2004, pp. 819\u2013824. IEEE (2004)","key":"935_CR23"},{"issue":"7","key":"935_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1109\/34.598235","volume":"19","author":"L Wiskott","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wiskott, L., Fellous, J.M., Kuiger, N., Von Der Malsburg, C.: Face recognition by elastic bunch graph matching. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 19(7), 775\u2013779 (1997)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"issue":"7","key":"935_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2010.2097270","volume":"20","author":"X Xie","year":"2011","unstructured":"Xie, X., Zheng, W.S., Lai, J., Yuen, P.C., Suen, C.Y.: Normalization of face illumination based on large-and small-scale features. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 20(7), 1807\u20131821 (2011)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"unstructured":"Zhang, L., Samaras, D.: Face recognition under variable lighting using harmonic image exemplars. In: Proceedings of IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2003, vol.\u00a01, pp. I\u201319. IEEE (2003)","key":"935_CR26"},{"key":"935_CR27","volume-title":"Robust Face Recognition Using Symmetric Shape-from-Shading","author":"W Zhao","year":"1999","unstructured":"Zhao, W., Chellappa, R.: Robust Face Recognition Using Symmetric Shape-from-Shading. Computer Vision Laboratory, Center for Automation Research, University of Maryland, College Park (1999)"},{"issue":"4","key":"935_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1145\/954339.954342","volume":"35","author":"W Zhao","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zhao, W., Chellappa, R., Phillips, P.J., Rosenfeld, A.: Face recognition: a literature survey. ACM Comput. Surv. (CSUR) 35(4), 399\u2013458 (2003)","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv. (CSUR)"},{"unstructured":"Zou, X., Kittler, J., Messer, K.: Illumination invariant face recognition: a survey. In: 1st IEEE International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications, and Systems, 2007. BTAS 2007, pp. 1\u20138. IEEE (2007)","key":"935_CR29"}],"container-title":["Machine Vision and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00138-018-0935-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00138-018-0935-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00138-018-0935-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T13:21:57Z","timestamp":1751635317000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00138-018-0935-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,12]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]}},"alternative-id":["935"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00138-018-0935-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0932-8092","1432-1769"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0932-8092"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1432-1769"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 April 2016","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 February 2018","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 May 2018","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 May 2018","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}