{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T14:26:12Z","timestamp":1777472772422,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,5]],"date-time":"2007-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1188950400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cryptol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00145-007-9001-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,4]],"date-time":"2007-09-04T17:37:15Z","timestamp":1188927435000},"page":"392-429","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Instant Ciphertext-Only Cryptanalysis of GSM Encrypted Communication"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Elad","family":"Barkan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eli","family":"Biham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"9001_CR1","unstructured":"The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), \n                    http:\/\/www.3gpp.org\/\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"9001_CR2","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/11921240","volume-title":"Proceedings of SAC 2005","author":"E. Barkan","year":"2006","unstructured":"E. Barkan, E. Biham, Conditional estimators: an effective attack on A5\/1. In Proceedings of SAC 2005. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol.\u00a03897 (Springer, Berlin, 2006), pp. 1\u201319."},{"key":"9001_CR3","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-45146-4_35","volume-title":"Advances in Cryptology, Proceedings of Crypto 2003","author":"E. Barkan","year":"2003","unstructured":"E. Barkan, E. Biham, N. Keller, Instant ciphertext-only cryptanalysis of GSM encrypted communications. In Advances in Cryptology, Proceedings of Crypto 2003. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol.\u00a02729 (Springer, Berlin, 2003), pp. 600\u2013616."},{"key":"9001_CR4","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-44495-5_5","volume-title":"Progress in Cryptology, Proceedings of Indocrypt\u201900","author":"E. Biham","year":"2000","unstructured":"E. Biham, O. Dunkelman, Cryptanalysis of the A5\/1 GSM stream cipher. In Progress in Cryptology, Proceedings of Indocrypt\u201900. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol.\u00a01977 (Springer, Berlin, 2000), pp. 43\u201351."},{"key":"9001_CR5","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-44448-3_1","volume-title":"Advances in Cryptology, Proceedings of Asiacrypt 2000","author":"A. Biryukov","year":"2000","unstructured":"A. Biryukov, A. Shamir, Cryptanalytic time\/memory\/data tradeoffs for stream ciphers. In Advances in Cryptology, Proceedings of Asiacrypt 2000. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol.\u00a01976 (Springer, Berlin, 2000), pp. 1\u201313."},{"key":"9001_CR6","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Advances in Cryptology, Proceedings of Fast Software Encryption\u201900","author":"A. Biryukov","year":"2001","unstructured":"A. Biryukov, A. Shamir, D. Wagner, Real time cryptanalysis of A5\/1 on a PC. In Advances in Cryptology, Proceedings of Fast Software Encryption\u201900. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol.\u00a01978 (Springer, Berlin, 2001), pp. 1\u201318."},{"key":"9001_CR7","unstructured":"M. Briceno, I. Goldberg, D. Wagner, A pedagogical implementation of the GSM A5\/1 and A5\/2 \u201cvoice privacy\u201d encryption algorithms, \n                    http:\/\/cryptome.org\/gsm-a512.htm\n                    \n                   (originally on \n                    www.scard.org\n                    \n                  ), 1999."},{"key":"9001_CR8","unstructured":"M. Briceno, I. Goldberg, D. Wagner, An implementation of the GSM A3A8 algorithm, \n                    http:\/\/www.iol.ie\/~kooltek\/a3a8.txt\n                    \n                  , 1998."},{"key":"9001_CR9","unstructured":"M. Briceno, I. Goldberg, D. Wagner, GSM cloning, \n                    http:\/\/www.isaac.cs.berkeley.edu\/isaac\/gsm-faq.html\n                    \n                  , 1998."},{"key":"9001_CR10","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45539-6_27","volume-title":"Advances in Cryptology, Proceedings of Eurocrypt 2000","author":"N. Courtois","year":"2000","unstructured":"N. Courtois, A. Klimov, J. Patarin, A. Shamir, Efficient algorithms for solving overdefined systems of multivariate polynomial equations. In Advances in Cryptology, Proceedings of Eurocrypt 2000. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol.\u00a01807 (Springer, Berlin, 2000), pp. 392\u2013407."},{"issue":"1","key":"9001_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2002.806129","volume":"49","author":"P. Ekdahl","year":"2003","unstructured":"P. Ekdahl, T. Johansson, Another attack on A5\/1. IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory\n                           49(1), 284\u2013289 (2003).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory"},{"key":"9001_CR12","unstructured":"European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), Digital cellular telecommunications system (phase 2+); channel coding, TS 100 909 (GSM 05.03), \n                    http:\/\/www.etsi.org\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"9001_CR13","unstructured":"European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), Digital cellular telecommunications system (phase 2+); Mobile radio interface; layer 3 specification, TS 100 940 (GSM 04.08), \n                    http:\/\/www.etsi.org\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"9001_CR14","unstructured":"European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), Digital cellular telecommunications system (phase 2+); mobile station\u2014base stations system (MS\u2014BSS) interface data link (DL) layer specification, TS 100 938 (GSM 04.06), \n                    http:\/\/www.etsi.org\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"9001_CR15","unstructured":"European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), Digital cellular telecommunications system (phase 2+); multiplexing and multiple access on the radio path, TS 100 908 (GSM 05.02), \n                    http:\/\/www.etsi.org\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"9001_CR16","unstructured":"European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), Digital cellular telecommunications system (phase 2+); physical layer on the radio path; general description, TS 100 573 (GSM 05.01), \n                    http:\/\/www.etsi.org\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"9001_CR17","unstructured":"European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), Digital cellular telecommunications system (phase 2+); security related network functions, TS 100 929 (GSM 03.20), \n                    http:\/\/www.etsi.org\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"9001_CR18","unstructured":"I. Goldberg, D. Wagner, L. Green, The (real-time) cryptanalysis of A5\/2. Presented at the Rump Session of Crypto\u201999, 1999."},{"key":"9001_CR19","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-69053-0_17","volume-title":"Advances in Cryptology, Proceedings of Eurocrypt \u201997","author":"J. Golic","year":"1997","unstructured":"J. Golic, Cryptanalysis of alleged A5 stream cipher. In Advances in Cryptology, Proceedings of Eurocrypt \u201997. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol.\u00a01233 (Springer, Berlin, 1997), pp. 239\u2013255."},{"key":"9001_CR20","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of SAC 2004","author":"A. Maximov","year":"2005","unstructured":"A. Maximov, T. Johansson, S. Babbage, An improved correlation attack on A5\/1. In Proceedings of SAC 2004. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol.\u00a03357 (Springer, Berlin, 2005), pp. 1\u201318."},{"key":"9001_CR21","unstructured":"Security Algorithms Group of Experts (SAGE), Report on the specification and evaluation of the GSM cipher algorithm A5\/2, \n                    http:\/\/cryptome.org\/espy\/ETR278e01p.pdf\n                    \n                  , 1996."},{"key":"9001_CR22","unstructured":"S. Petrovi\u0107, A. F\u00faster-Sabater, Cryptanalysis of the A5\/2 algorithm. IACR ePrint Report 2000\/052, \n                    http:\/\/eprint.iacr.org\n                    \n                  , 2000."}],"container-title":["Journal of Cryptology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00145-007-9001-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00145-007-9001-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00145-007-9001-y","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00145-007-9001-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,8]],"date-time":"2020-04-08T08:38:11Z","timestamp":1586335091000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00145-007-9001-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,5]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]}},"alternative-id":["9001"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00145-007-9001-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0933-2790","1432-1378"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0933-2790","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1378","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 March 2006","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 May 2007","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 September 2007","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}