{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T21:31:07Z","timestamp":1771018267543,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,25]],"date-time":"2013-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374710400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AI &amp; Soc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-013-0468-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,24]],"date-time":"2013-07-24T18:01:06Z","timestamp":1374688866000},"page":"435-444","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Innovation systems in Malaysia: a perspective of university\u2014industry R&amp;D collaboration"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"V. G. R.","family":"Chandran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veera Pandiyan Kaliani","family":"Sundram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sinnappan","family":"Santhidran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"468_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1002\/mde.4090150205","volume":"15","author":"ZJ Acs","year":"1994","unstructured":"Acs ZJ, Audretsch DB, Feldman MP (1994) R&D spillovers and innovative activity. Manag Decis Econ 15:131\u2013138","journal-title":"Manag Decis Econ"},{"issue":"4","key":"468_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-4972(95)96606-T","volume":"15","author":"S Ahn","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ahn S (1995) A new program in cooperative research between academia and industry in Korea, involving centers of excellence. Technovation 15(4):241\u2013257","journal-title":"Technovation"},{"key":"468_CR3","volume-title":"National innovation strategy: innovating Malaysia","author":"AIM","year":"2011","unstructured":"AIM (2011) National innovation strategy: innovating Malaysia. Agensi Inovasi Malaysia, Putrajaya"},{"issue":"6","key":"468_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.2307\/256984","volume":"42","author":"TM Amabile","year":"1999","unstructured":"Amabile TM, Conti R (1999) Changes in the work environment for creativity during downsizing. Acad Manag J 42(6):630\u2013640","journal-title":"Acad Manag J"},{"issue":"6","key":"468_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1080\/1043859092000234311","volume":"36","author":"A Arundel","year":"2004","unstructured":"Arundel A, Geuna A (2004) Proximity and the use of public science by innovative European firms. Econ Innov New Technol 36(6):559\u2013580","journal-title":"Econ Innov New Technol"},{"key":"468_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2008.07.005","volume":"37","author":"S Arvanitis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Arvanitis S, Kubli U, Woerter M (2008) University\u2013industry knowledge and technology transfer in Switzerland: what university scientists think about cooperation with private enterprises. Res Policy 37:1865\u20131883","journal-title":"Res Policy"},{"key":"468_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2005.03.013","volume":"34","author":"BT Asheim","year":"2005","unstructured":"Asheim BT, Coenen L (2005) Knowledge bases and regional innovation systems: comparing Nordic clusters. Res Policy 34:1173\u20131190","journal-title":"Res Policy"},{"issue":"8","key":"468_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-7333(00)00151-7","volume":"30","author":"C Bayona","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bayona C, Garcia T, Huerta E (2001) Firms\u2019 motivations for cooperative R&D: an empirical analysis of Spanish firms. Res Policy 30(8):1289\u20131307","journal-title":"Res Policy"},{"key":"468_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-7333(98)00126-7","volume":"28","author":"M Beise","year":"1999","unstructured":"Beise M, Stahl H (1999) Public research and industrial innovations in Germany. Res Policy 28:397\u2013422","journal-title":"Res Policy"},{"key":"468_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2008.07.007","volume":"37","author":"R Bekkersa","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bekkersa R, Freitas IMB (2008) Analysing knowledge transfer channels between universities and industry: to what degree do sectors also matter? Res Policy 37:1837\u20131853","journal-title":"Res Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"468_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1177\/097172180501100105","volume":"11","author":"M Berger","year":"2006","unstructured":"Berger M, Diez JR (2006) Technological capabilities and innovation in Southeast Asia. Sci Technol Soc 11(1):109\u2013148","journal-title":"Sci Technol Soc"},{"key":"468_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/0048-7333(94)01001-3","volume":"25","author":"H Brooks","year":"1994","unstructured":"Brooks H (1994) The relationship between science and technology policy. Res Policy 25:477\u2013486","journal-title":"Res Policy"},{"issue":"7","key":"468_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2010.03.006","volume":"39","author":"J Bruneel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bruneel J, D\u2019Este P, Salter A (2010) Investigating the factors that diminish the barriers to university\u2013industry collaboration. Res Policy 39(7):858\u2013868","journal-title":"Res Policy"},{"key":"468_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cassiman B, Veugelers R (2002) R&D cooperation and spillovers: some empirical evidence from Belgium. Am Econ Rev 92(4):1169\u20131184","DOI":"10.1257\/00028280260344704"},{"issue":"3","key":"468_CR15","first-page":"235","volume":"36","author":"VGR Chandran","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chandran VGR, Farha AG, Veera P (2008) The commercialization of research results among researchers in public universities and research institutions. Asian Profile 36(3):235\u2013250","journal-title":"Asian Profile"},{"issue":"4","key":"468_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219877009001674","volume":"6","author":"VGR Chandran","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chandran VGR, Farha AG, Veera P (2009) The role of collaboration, market and intellectual property rights awareness in university technology commercialization. Int J Innov Technol Manag 6(4):363\u2013378","journal-title":"Int J Innov Technol Manag"},{"issue":"7","key":"468_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-4972(94)90003-5","volume":"14","author":"EY Chen","year":"1994","unstructured":"Chen EY (1994) The evolution of university\u2013industry technology transfer in Hong Kong. Technovation 14(7):449\u2013459","journal-title":"Technovation"},{"key":"468_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.2307\/2233763","volume":"99","author":"WM Cohen","year":"1989","unstructured":"Cohen WM, Levinthal DA (1989) Innovation and learning: the two faces of R&D. Econ J 99:569\u2013596","journal-title":"Econ J"},{"issue":"1","key":"468_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.2307\/2393553","volume":"35","author":"WM Cohen","year":"1990","unstructured":"Cohen WM, Levinthal DA (1990) Absorptive capacity: a new perspective on learning and innovation. Adm Sci Q 35(1):128\u2013152","journal-title":"Adm Sci Q"},{"issue":"1","key":"468_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.48.1.1.14273","volume":"48","author":"WM Cohen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cohen WM, Nelson RR, Walsh JP (2002) Links and impacts: the influence of public research on industrial R&D. Manag Sci 48(1):1\u201323","journal-title":"Manag Sci"},{"key":"468_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1080\/13594329608414845","volume":"5","author":"G Ekvall","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ekvall G (1996) Organizational climate for creativity and innovation. Eur J Work Organ Psychol 5:105\u2013123","journal-title":"Eur J Work Organ Psychol"},{"key":"468_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8691.00070","volume":"6","author":"G Ekvall","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ekvall G (1997) Organizational conditions and level of creativity. Creativ Innov Manag 6:195\u2013205","journal-title":"Creativ Innov Manag"},{"key":"468_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2010.01.015","volume":"39","author":"B-Y Eom","year":"2010","unstructured":"Eom B-Y, Lee K (2010) Determinants of industry\u2013academy linkages and, their impact on firm performance: the case of Korea as a latecomer in knowledge industrialization. Res Policy 39:625\u2013639","journal-title":"Res Policy"},{"key":"468_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-7333(98)00093-6","volume":"27","author":"H Etzkowitz","year":"1998","unstructured":"Etzkowitz H (1998) The norms of entrepreneurial science: cognitive effects of the new university\u2013industry linkages. Res Policy 27:823\u2013833","journal-title":"Res Policy"},{"issue":"2\/3","key":"468_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007807302841","volume":"24","author":"H Etzkowitz","year":"1999","unstructured":"Etzkowitz H, Leydesdorff L (1999) The future location of research and technology transfer. J Technol Transf 24(2\/3):111\u2013123","journal-title":"J Technol Transf"},{"key":"468_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-7333(99)00055-4","volume":"29","author":"H Etzkowitz","year":"2000","unstructured":"Etzkowitz H, Leydesdorff L (2000) The dynamics of innovation: from National Systems and \u201cMode 2\u201d to a Triple Helix of university\u2013industry\u2013government relations. Res Policy 29:109\u2013123","journal-title":"Res Policy"},{"key":"468_CR27","volume-title":"Technology policy and economic performance: the theory and an application to the semiconductor industry","author":"C Freeman","year":"1987","unstructured":"Freeman C (1987) Technology policy and economic performance: the theory and an application to the semiconductor industry. Macmillan, London"},{"issue":"1","key":"468_CR28","first-page":"5","volume":"19","author":"C Freeman","year":"1993","unstructured":"Freeman C (1993) The \u2018National System of Innovation\u2019 in historical perspective. Camb J Econ 19(1):5\u201324","journal-title":"Camb J Econ"},{"issue":"5","key":"468_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/S0969-5931(00)00019-6","volume":"9","author":"A Giroud","year":"2000","unstructured":"Giroud A (2000) Japanese transnational corporations knowledge transfer to Southeast Asia: the case of the electrical and electronics sector in Malaysia. Int Bus Rev 9(5):571\u2013586","journal-title":"Int Bus Rev"},{"key":"468_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4337\/9781035335619","volume-title":"Transnational corporations, technology and economic development: backward linkages and knowledge transfer in South East Asia","author":"A Giroud","year":"2003","unstructured":"Giroud A (2003) Transnational corporations, technology and economic development: backward linkages and knowledge transfer in South East Asia. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham"},{"issue":"6","key":"468_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2009.02.006","volume":"38","author":"E Giuliani","year":"2009","unstructured":"Giuliani E, Arza V (2009) What drives the formation of \u2018valuable\u2019 university\u2013industry linkages? Insights from the wine industry. Res Policy 38(6):906\u2013921","journal-title":"Res Policy"},{"key":"468_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-7333(99)00090-6","volume":"29","author":"J Hagedoorn","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hagedoorn J, Link A, Vonortas N (2000) Research partnerships. Res Policy 29:567\u2013586","journal-title":"Res Policy"},{"key":"468_CR33","volume-title":"SMEs in Malaysia: a brief handbook","author":"MK Hashim","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hashim MK (2007) SMEs in Malaysia: a brief handbook. August Publishing Sdn Bhd, Petaling Jaya"},{"issue":"9","key":"468_CR34","first-page":"71","volume":"34","author":"M Hobday","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hobday M (1996) Innovation in South-East Asia: lessons for Europe. Manag Sci 34(9):71\u201381","journal-title":"Manag Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"468_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1080\/1360081032000111715","volume":"31","author":"M Hobday","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hobday M (2003) Innovation in Asian industrialization: a Gerschenkronian perspective. Oxf Dev Stud 31(3):293\u2013314","journal-title":"Oxf Dev Stud"},{"issue":"2","key":"468_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1080\/09537320500088666","volume":"17","author":"M Hobday","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hobday M (2005) Firm-level innovation models: perspectives on research in developed and developing countries. Technol Anal Strateg Manag 17(2):121\u2013146","journal-title":"Technol Anal Strateg Manag"},{"issue":"1","key":"468_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8691.2007.00415.x","volume":"16","author":"SG Isaksen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Isaksen SG (2007) The climate for transformation: lessons from leaders. Creativ Innov Manag 16(1):3\u201315","journal-title":"Creativ Innov Manag"},{"issue":"7","key":"468_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-7187(00)00054-0","volume":"18","author":"MI Kamien","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kamien MI, Zang I (2000) Meet me halfway: research joint ventures and absorptive capacity. Int J Ind Organ 18(7):995\u20131012","journal-title":"Int J Ind Organ"},{"issue":"8","key":"468_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2008.04.014","volume":"37","author":"T Kodama","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kodama T (2008) The role of intermediation and absorptive capacity in facilitating university\u2013industry linkages\u2014An empirical study of TAMA in Japan. Res Policy 37(8):1224\u20131240","journal-title":"Res Policy"},{"key":"468_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1287\/orsc.3.3.383","volume":"3","author":"B Kogut","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kogut B, Zander U (1992) Knowledge of the firm, combinative capabilities and the replication of technology. Organ Sci 3:383\u2013397","journal-title":"Organ Sci"},{"key":"468_CR41","volume-title":"Research and innovation policies in the new global economy","author":"P Laredo","year":"2001","unstructured":"Laredo P, Mustar P (2001) Research and innovation policies in the new global economy. Elgar, Cheltenham"},{"key":"468_CR42","first-page":"279","volume":"23","author":"L Leydesdorff","year":"1996","unstructured":"Leydesdorff L, Etzkowitz H (1996) Emergence of a triple helix of university\u2013industry\u2013government relations. Sci Public Policy 23:279\u2013286","journal-title":"Sci Public Policy"},{"issue":"9","key":"468_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-4972(95)96585-H","volume":"15","author":"S Liyanage","year":"1995","unstructured":"Liyanage S (1995) Breeding innovation clusters through collaborative research networks. Technovation 15(9):553\u2013567","journal-title":"Technovation"},{"issue":"7","key":"468_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2005.05.010","volume":"34","author":"A Lockett","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lockett A, Siegel D, Wright M, Ensley MD (2005) The creation spin-off firms at public research institutions: managerial and policy implications. Res Policy 34(7):981\u2013993","journal-title":"Res Policy"},{"key":"468_CR45","volume-title":"National system of innovation. Towards a theory of innovation and interactive learning","author":"BA Lundvall","year":"1992","unstructured":"Lundvall BA (1992) National system of innovation. Towards a theory of innovation and interactive learning. Pinter Publishers, London"},{"key":"468_CR46","volume-title":"Tenth Malaysia plan (2011\u20132015)","author":"Malaysia","year":"2010","unstructured":"Malaysia (2010a) Tenth Malaysia plan (2011\u20132015). Government Printers, Kuala Lumpur"},{"key":"468_CR47","volume-title":"New economic model for Malaysia","author":"Malaysia","year":"2010","unstructured":"Malaysia (2010b) New economic model for Malaysia. National Economic Advisory Council, Putrajaya"},{"issue":"7","key":"468_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-7333(96)00893-1","volume":"25","author":"E Mansfield","year":"1996","unstructured":"Mansfield E, Lee JY (1996) The modern university: contributor to industrial innovation and recipient of industrial R&D support. Res Policy 25(7):1047\u20131058","journal-title":"Res Policy"},{"key":"468_CR49","volume-title":"The anatomy and evolution of industries: technical change and industrial dynamics","author":"O Marsili","year":"2000","unstructured":"Marsili O (2000) The anatomy and evolution of industries: technical change and industrial dynamics. Elgar, London"},{"issue":"8","key":"468_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-7333(98)00094-8","volume":"27","author":"F Meyer-Krahmer","year":"1998","unstructured":"Meyer-Krahmer F, Schmoch U (1998) Science-based technologies: university\u2013industry interactions in four fields. Res Policy 27(8):835\u2013851","journal-title":"Res Policy"},{"key":"468_CR51","volume-title":"Fourth generation R&D","author":"WL Miller","year":"1999","unstructured":"Miller WL, Moriss L (1999) Fourth generation R&D. Wiley, New York"},{"key":"468_CR52","volume-title":"National survey of innovation 2002\u20132004","author":"MOSTI","year":"2006","unstructured":"MOSTI (2006) National survey of innovation 2002\u20132004. Malaysian Science and Technology Information Centre, Putrajaya, Malaysia"},{"key":"468_CR53","unstructured":"MOSTI (2012) National Survey of Research and Development 2008, Malaysian Science and Technology Information Centre, Putrajaya, Malaysia"},{"key":"468_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2007.02.023","volume":"36","author":"K Motohashi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Motohashi K, Yun X (2007) China\u2019s innovation system reform and growing industry and science linkages. Res Policy 36:1251\u20131260","journal-title":"Res Policy"},{"key":"468_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511664441","volume-title":"Technology and the pursuit of economic growth","author":"DC Mowery","year":"1989","unstructured":"Mowery DC, Rosenberg N (1989) Technology and the pursuit of economic growth. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge"},{"key":"468_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195076165.001.0001","volume-title":"National innovation systems: a comparative analysis","author":"RR Nelson","year":"1993","unstructured":"Nelson RR (1993) National innovation systems: a comparative analysis. Oxford University Press, New York"},{"issue":"6","key":"468_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/0048-7333(84)90018-0","volume":"13","author":"K Pavitt","year":"1984","unstructured":"Pavitt K (1984) Sectoral patterns of technical change\u2014towards a taxonomy and a theory. Res Policy 13(6):343\u2013373","journal-title":"Res Policy"},{"key":"468_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2012.09.007","volume":"42","author":"M Perkmann","year":"2013","unstructured":"Perkmann M, Tartari V, McKelvey M et al (2013) Academic engagement and commercialisation: a review of the literature on university\u2013industry relations. Res Policy 42:423\u2013442","journal-title":"Res Policy"},{"issue":"4","key":"468_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1108\/14601060810911138","volume":"11","author":"S Philbin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Philbin S (2008) Process model for university\u2013industry research collaboration. Eur J Innov Manag 11(4):488\u2013521","journal-title":"Eur J Innov Manag"},{"issue":"1","key":"468_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1093\/oxrep\/18.1.10","volume":"18","author":"J Poyago-Theotoky","year":"2002","unstructured":"Poyago-Theotoky J, Beath J, Siegel DS (2002) Universities and fundamental research: reflections on the growth of university\u2013industry partnership. Oxf Rev Econ Policy 18(1):10\u201321","journal-title":"Oxf Rev Econ Policy"},{"issue":"3","key":"468_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.cje.a035274","volume":"18","author":"R Rasiah","year":"1994","unstructured":"Rasiah R (1994) Flexible production systems and local machine tool subcontracting: electronics components transnational in Malaysia. Camb J Econ 18(3):279\u2013298","journal-title":"Camb J Econ"},{"issue":"4","key":"468_CR62","first-page":"529","volume":"22","author":"R Rasiah","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rasiah R, Chandran VGR (2009) University\u2013industry collaboration in the automotive, biotechnology and electronics firms in Malaysia. Seoul J Econ 22(4):529\u2013550","journal-title":"Seoul J Econ"},{"key":"468_CR63","unstructured":"Rogers EM, Yin J, Hoffmann J (2000) Assessing the effectiveness of technology transfer offices at U.S. research universities. Association of University Technology Managers"},{"key":"468_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-7333(00)00091-3","volume":"30","author":"AJ Salter","year":"2001","unstructured":"Salter AJ, Martin BR (2001) The economic benefits of publicly funded research: a critical review. Res Policy 30:509\u2013539","journal-title":"Res Policy"},{"key":"468_CR65","unstructured":"Santhidran S (2010) Influences of employees\u2019 motivation and work environment on creative productivity in research and development. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"},{"key":"468_CR66","volume-title":"Explorations in enterprise","author":"JA Schumpeter","year":"1965","unstructured":"Schumpeter JA (1965) Economic theory and entrepreneurial history. In: Aitken HG (ed) Explorations in enterprise. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA"},{"key":"468_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-7333(01)00110-X","volume":"31","author":"DS Siegel","year":"2002","unstructured":"Siegel DS, Waldman D, Link AN (2002) Assessing the impact of organizational practices on the productivity of university technology transfer offices: an exploratory study. Res Policy 31:1\u201322","journal-title":"Res Policy"},{"issue":"5","key":"468_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1108\/13673270210450388","volume":"6","author":"K-E Sveiby","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sveiby K-E, Simaons R (2002) Collaborative climate and effectiveness of knowledge work: an empirical study. J Knowl Manag 6(5):420\u2013433","journal-title":"J Knowl Manag"},{"key":"468_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thursby JG, Thursby MC (2000) Who is selling the ivory tower? Sources of growth in university licensing. NBER Working Papers 7718, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc","DOI":"10.3386\/w7718"},{"key":"468_CR70","unstructured":"Xiaolan F (2011) The dual role of universities in industrial innovation in emerging economies: a comparative study of China and the UK. Paper presented at the China Seminar, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK"}],"container-title":["AI &amp; SOCIETY"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00146-013-0468-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00146-013-0468-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00146-013-0468-9","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]],"date-time":"2024-05-15T08:04:34Z","timestamp":1715760274000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00146-013-0468-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,25]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]}},"alternative-id":["468"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00146-013-0468-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0951-5666","1435-5655"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0951-5666","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-5655","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,25]]}}}