{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]],"date-time":"2025-07-16T13:56:45Z","timestamp":1752674205696},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,14]],"date-time":"2013-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1373760000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AI &amp; Soc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-013-0477-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,13]],"date-time":"2013-07-13T08:02:47Z","timestamp":1373702567000},"page":"221-230","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["International development: exploring the gap between organisations\u2019 development policy and practice\u2014a Southern perspective"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Denis","family":"Dennehy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mike","family":"Fitzgibbon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fergal","family":"Carton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"477_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allard-Poesi F, Drucker-Godard C, Ehlinger S (2001) Analyzing representations and discourse. Doing management research: a comprehensive guide. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA, pp 351\u2013372","DOI":"10.4135\/9781849208970.n16"},{"key":"477_CR2","volume-title":"The NGO factor in Africa: the case of arrested development in Kenya","author":"MN Amutabi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Amutabi MN (2006) The NGO factor in Africa: the case of arrested development in Kenya. Routledge, London"},{"key":"477_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1177\/104973230001000308","volume":"10","author":"MJ Angen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Angen MJ (2000) Evaluating interpretive inquiry: reviewing the validity debate and opening the dialogue. Qual Health Res 10:378","journal-title":"Qual Health Res"},{"key":"477_CR4","volume-title":"On organizational learning","author":"C Argyris","year":"1999","unstructured":"Argyris C (1999) On organizational learning. Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken"},{"key":"477_CR5","first-page":"3","volume":"20","author":"P Ballantyne","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ballantyne P (2002) Collecting and propagating local development content. INASP Newsl 20:3\u20134","journal-title":"INASP Newsl"},{"key":"477_CR6","unstructured":"Blaxter L, Hughes C, Tight M (2010) How to research, 3rd edn. Open University Press, Buckingham, UK"},{"key":"477_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1080\/0961450220149807a","volume":"12","author":"D Bloch","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bloch D, Borges N (2002) Organisational learning in NGOs: an example of an intervention based on the work of Chris Argyris. Dev Pract 12:461\u2013472","journal-title":"Dev Pract"},{"key":"477_CR8","unstructured":"Britton B (2005) Organisational learning in NGOs: creating the motive, means and opportunity. International NGO Training and Research Centre (INTRAC)"},{"key":"477_CR9","unstructured":"Burns RB, Robert BB (2000) Introduction to research methods. Lavoisier, France"},{"key":"477_CR10","unstructured":"Chambers R (2004) Ideas for development: reflecting forwards"},{"key":"477_CR11","first-page":"25","volume":"1","author":"X Cong","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cong X, Pandya KV (2003) Issues of knowledge management in the public sector. Electron J Knowl Manag 1:25\u201333","journal-title":"Electron J Knowl Manag"},{"key":"477_CR12","volume-title":"Research design: qualitative and quantitative approaches","author":"J Creswell","year":"1994","unstructured":"Creswell J (1994) Research design: qualitative and quantitative approaches. Sage Publications, London, UK"},{"key":"477_CR13","volume-title":"Qualitative inquiry and research design: choosing among five approaches","author":"JW Creswell","year":"2007","unstructured":"Creswell JW (2007) Qualitative inquiry and research design: choosing among five approaches. Sage Publications Inc., Thousand Oaks"},{"key":"477_CR14","volume-title":"Research design qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches","author":"J Creswell","year":"2009","unstructured":"Creswell J (2009) Research design qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks"},{"key":"477_CR15","volume-title":"Working knowledge: how organizations manage what they know","author":"TH Davenport","year":"2000","unstructured":"Davenport TH, Prusak L (2000) Working knowledge: how organizations manage what they know. Harvard Business Press, Boston"},{"key":"477_CR16","unstructured":"Dennis C (1994) Non-governmental organisations: a preliminary analysis of their contribution to gender, population and environmental sustainability debate in Africa. In: International conference on gender and politics of environmental sustainability in Africa, Centre of African Studies, University of Edinburgh"},{"key":"477_CR17","volume-title":"Despite good intentions: why development assistance to the Third World has failed","author":"TW Dichter","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dichter TW (2003) Despite good intentions: why development assistance to the Third World has failed. University of Massachusetts Press, Amherst"},{"key":"477_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ix","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-750X(87)90135-5","volume":"15","author":"AG Drabek","year":"1987","unstructured":"Drabek AG (1987) Development alternatives: the challenge for NGOs\u2014an overview of the issues. World Dev 15:ix\u2013xv","journal-title":"World Dev"},{"key":"477_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1177\/0899764004269430","volume":"34","author":"A Ebrahim","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ebrahim A (2005) Accountability myopia: losing sight of organizational learning. Nonprofit Volunt Sect Q 34:56\u201387","journal-title":"Nonprofit Volunt Sect Q"},{"key":"477_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-162X(199705)17:2<235::AID-PAD943>3.0.CO;2-P","volume":"17","author":"M Edwards","year":"1997","unstructured":"Edwards M (1997) Organizational learning in non-governmental organizations: what have we learned? Public Adm Dev 17:235\u2013250","journal-title":"Public Adm Dev"},{"key":"477_CR21","volume-title":"Non-governmental organisations: performance and accountability beyond the magic bullet","author":"M Edwards","year":"1995","unstructured":"Edwards M, Hulme D (1995) Non-governmental organisations: performance and accountability beyond the magic bullet. Earthscan Publications, London"},{"key":"477_CR22","volume-title":"Striking a balance: a guide to enhancing the effectiveness of non governmental organisations in international development","author":"A Fowler","year":"1997","unstructured":"Fowler A (1997) Striking a balance: a guide to enhancing the effectiveness of non governmental organisations in international development. Earthscan, London"},{"key":"477_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1007\/s001460200021","volume":"16","author":"KS Gill","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gill KS (2002) Knowledge networking in cross-cultural settings. AI Soc 16:252\u2013277","journal-title":"AI Soc"},{"key":"477_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1080\/0961450220149753","volume":"12","author":"J Hailey","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hailey J, James R (2002) Learning leaders: the key to learning organisations. Dev Pract 12:398\u2013408","journal-title":"Dev Pract"},{"key":"477_CR25","volume-title":"Research methods for business","author":"JF Hair","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hair JF, Money AH, Samouel P, Page M (2007) Research methods for business. John Wiley & Sons, West Sussex"},{"key":"477_CR26","volume-title":"The empty raincoat","author":"C Handy","year":"1995","unstructured":"Handy C (1995) The empty raincoat. Random House, UK"},{"key":"477_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.jors.2601388","volume":"54","author":"H Hasan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hasan H, Crawford K (2003) Codifying or enabling: the challenge of knowledge management systems. J Oper Res Soc 54:184\u2013193","journal-title":"J Oper Res Soc"},{"key":"477_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1080\/01972240290075039","volume":"18","author":"R Heeks","year":"2002","unstructured":"Heeks R (2002) Information systems and developing countries: failure, success, and local improvisations. Inf Soc 18:101\u2013112","journal-title":"Inf Soc"},{"key":"477_CR29","unstructured":"Hovland I (2003) Knowledge management and organisational learning: an international development perspective. An annotated bibliography working paper 224, Overseas Development Institute, UK"},{"key":"477_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1177\/146499340800800401","volume":"8","author":"T Jakimow","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jakimow T (2008) Answering the critics. Prog Dev Stud 8:311","journal-title":"Prog Dev Stud"},{"key":"477_CR31","unstructured":"Johnstone J (2005) Knowledge, development and technology: internet use among voluntary-sector AIDS organisations in KwaZulu-Natal. Diss. London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)"},{"key":"477_CR32","first-page":"123","volume":"3","author":"F Kelliher","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kelliher F (2005) Interpretivism and the pursuit of research legitimisation: an integrated approach to single case design. Electron J Bus Res Methods 3:123\u2013132","journal-title":"Electron J Bus Res Methods"},{"key":"477_CR33","unstructured":"King K (2001) Knowledge agencies: making the globalisation of development knowledge work for the North and the South? In: Gmelin W, King K, McGrath S (eds) Development Knowledge, National Research and International Co-operation, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh"},{"key":"477_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1002\/kpm.281","volume":"14","author":"WR King","year":"2007","unstructured":"King WR (2007) A research agenda for the relationships between culture and knowledge management. Knowl Process Manag 14:226\u2013236","journal-title":"Knowl Process Manag"},{"key":"477_CR35","volume-title":"Knowledge and learning in aid organizations. A literature review with suggestions for further studies","author":"A Krohwinkel-Karlsson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Krohwinkel-Karlsson A (2007) Knowledge and learning in aid organizations. A literature review with suggestions for further studies. SADEV, Karlstad"},{"key":"477_CR36","unstructured":"Leach M, Scoones I (2006) The slow race: making technology work for the poor. DEMOS, UK"},{"key":"477_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1080\/01972240490423049","volume":"20","author":"D Lewis","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lewis D, Madon S (2004) Information systems and nongovernmental development organizations: advocacy, organizational learning, and accountability. Inf Soc 20:117\u2013126","journal-title":"Inf Soc"},{"key":"477_CR38","volume-title":"New roles and relevance: development NGOs and the challenge of change","author":"D Lewis","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lewis D, Wallace T (2000) New roles and relevance: development NGOs and the challenge of change. Kumarian Press, Sterling"},{"key":"477_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/S0963-8687(99)00029-3","volume":"8","author":"S Madon","year":"1999","unstructured":"Madon S (1999) International NGOs: networking, information flows and learning. J Strateg Inf Syst 8:251\u2013261","journal-title":"J Strateg Inf Syst"},{"key":"477_CR40","unstructured":"Matenga CR (2001) The changing orientation and practice of Northern NGOs: implications for African development. Lusaka. University of Zambia, http:\/\/www.fiuc.org\/iaup\/esap\/publications\/zambia\/ngos.pdf . Accessed 11, 04\u201305"},{"key":"477_CR400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murphy B (2000) International NGOs and the challenge of modernity. Dev Pract 10:330\u2013347","DOI":"10.1080\/09614520050116497"},{"key":"477_CR41","unstructured":"Ombati K, Myamwamu C (2009) Kenya NGO sector governance: from crises to renewed mandate. Available at: www.TIkenya.org . Accessed 4\/7\/10"},{"key":"477_CR42","volume-title":"Qualitative research and evaluation methods","author":"MQ Patton","year":"2002","unstructured":"Patton MQ (2002) Qualitative research and evaluation methods. Sage Publications Inc., Thousand Oaks"},{"key":"477_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1080\/0961450220149663","volume":"12","author":"G Power","year":"2002","unstructured":"Power G, Maury M, Maury S (2002) Operationalising bottom-up learning in international NGOs: barriers and alternatives. Dev Pract 12:272\u2013284","journal-title":"Dev Pract"},{"key":"477_CR44","unstructured":"Prince S, Wrigley R, L\u00f6nnqvist L (2009) Organisational learning in civil society: influences of culture, relational dynamics and informality. International NGO Training and Research Centre (INTRAC). Oxford, UK"},{"key":"477_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez GR (2005) Information and communication technologies and non-governmental organisations: lessons learned from networking in Mexico. Electron J Inf Syst Dev Ctries 21:1\u201329","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1681-4835.2005.tb00135.x"},{"key":"477_CR46","unstructured":"Scarf C, Hutchinson K (2003) Knowledge networks for development: a participatory design approach. In: International conference on the convergence of knowledge, culture, language and information technologies. Alexandria, Egypt"},{"key":"477_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schein EH (1996) Culture: the missing concept in organization studies. Adm Sci Q 41(2):229\u2013240","DOI":"10.2307\/2393715"},{"key":"477_CR48","volume-title":"Doing qualitative research","author":"D Silverman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Silverman D (2002) Doing qualitative research. Sage Publications Ltd., Thousand Oaks"},{"key":"477_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3362\/9781780446127","volume-title":"Alms bazaar: altruism under fire; non-profit organizations and international development","author":"I Smillie","year":"1995","unstructured":"Smillie I (1995) Alms bazaar: altruism under fire; non-profit organizations and international development. IDRC, Ottawa"},{"key":"477_CR50","unstructured":"Strauss A, Corbin J (1998) Basics of qualitative research: techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory, 2nd edn. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks"},{"key":"477_CR51","volume-title":"It\u2019s our turn to eat: the story of a Kenyan whistle-blower","author":"M Wrong","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wrong M (2009) It\u2019s our turn to eat: the story of a Kenyan whistle-blower. Harpercollins, New York"},{"key":"477_CR52","volume-title":"Case study research: design and methods","author":"RK Yin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yin RK (2009) Case study research: design and methods. Sage publications Inc., Thousand Oaks"}],"container-title":["AI &amp; SOCIETY"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00146-013-0477-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00146-013-0477-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00146-013-0477-8","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,18]],"date-time":"2019-07-18T04:15:00Z","timestamp":1563423300000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00146-013-0477-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,14]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]}},"alternative-id":["477"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00146-013-0477-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0951-5666","1435-5655"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0951-5666","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-5655","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,14]]}}}