{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T07:32:55Z","timestamp":1763105575470},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,10]],"date-time":"2018-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1518220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AI & Soc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-018-0820-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,10]],"date-time":"2018-02-10T04:20:40Z","timestamp":1518236440000},"page":"825-833","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The brain as artificial intelligence: prospecting the frontiers of neuroscience"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Steve","family":"Fuller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"820_CR1","volume-title":"History of cognitive neuroscience","author":"M Bennett","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bennett M, Hacker P (2013) History of cognitive neuroscience. Wiley, Chichester"},{"key":"820_CR2","volume-title":"mind as machine: a history of cognitive science","author":"M Boden","year":"2006","unstructured":"Boden M (2006) mind as machine: a history of cognitive science. Oxford University Press, Oxford"},{"key":"820_CR3","volume-title":"Metaphysics, epistemology and technology","author":"P Brey","year":"2000","unstructured":"Brey P (2000) Theories of technology as extension of human faculties. In: Mitcham C (ed) Metaphysics, epistemology and technology, vol\u00a019. Elsevier, London"},{"key":"820_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/9781137402240","volume-title":"Rethinking human enhancement: social enhancement and emergent technologies","author":"L Cabrera","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cabrera L (2015) Rethinking human enhancement: social enhancement and emergent technologies. Palgrave Macmillan, London"},{"key":"820_CR5","volume-title":"Regenesis","author":"G Church","year":"2012","unstructured":"Church G, Regis E (2012) Regenesis. Basic Books, New York"},{"key":"820_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195333213.001.0001","volume-title":"Supersizing the mind: embodiment, action and cognitive extension","author":"A Clark","year":"2008","unstructured":"Clark A (2008) Supersizing the mind: embodiment, action and cognitive extension. Oxford University Press, Oxford"},{"key":"820_CR7","volume-title":"Physical control of the mind: towards a psychocivilized society","author":"J Delgado","year":"1969","unstructured":"Delgado J (1969) Physical control of the mind: towards a psychocivilized society. Harper & Row, New York"},{"key":"820_CR8","volume-title":"The origins of cognitive science","author":"J-P Dupuy","year":"2000","unstructured":"Dupuy J-P (2000) The origins of cognitive science. Princeton University Press, Princeton"},{"key":"820_CR9","volume-title":"Knowledge management foundations","author":"S Fuller","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fuller S (2002) Knowledge management foundations. Butterworth-Heinemann, Woburn"},{"key":"820_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4135\/9781446216385","volume-title":"The new sociological imagination","author":"S Fuller","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fuller S (2006) The new sociological imagination. Sage, London"},{"issue":"3","key":"820_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1177\/0952695113492601","volume":"26","author":"S Fuller","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fuller S (2013) The dawn of critical neuroscience. Hist Hum Sci 26(3):107\u2013115","journal-title":"Hist Hum Sci"},{"key":"820_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1086\/675552","volume":"105","author":"S Fuller","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fuller S (2014) Neuroscience, neurohistory and history of science: a tale of two images of the brain. Isis 105:100\u2013109","journal-title":"Isis"},{"issue":"1","key":"820_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1002\/2059-7932.12017","volume":"64","author":"S Fuller","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fuller S (2016a) Organizing the organism: a re-casting of the bio-social interface for our times. Sociol Rev Monogr 64(1):134\u2013150 (Special issue on \u2018Biosocial Matters\u2019)","journal-title":"Sociol Rev Monogr"},{"issue":"2","key":"820_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.3384\/confero.2001-4562.161206","volume":"4","author":"S Fuller","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fuller S (2016b) Morphological freedom and the question of responsibility and representation in transhumanism. Confero 4(2):33\u201345","journal-title":"Confero"},{"key":"820_CR15","first-page":"383","volume-title":"Star ark: a living, self-sustaining spaceship","author":"S Fuller","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fuller S (2016c) Humanity\u2019s lift-off into space: prolegomena to a cosmic transhumanism. In: Armstrong R (ed) Star ark: a living, self-sustaining spaceship. Springer, Berlin, pp\u00a0383\u2013393"},{"key":"820_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/9781137302922","volume-title":"The proactionary imperative: a foundation for transhumanism","author":"S Fuller","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fuller S, Lipinska V (2014) The proactionary imperative: a foundation for transhumanism. Palgrave Macmillan, London"},{"key":"820_CR17","volume-title":"The mind\u2019s new science","author":"H Gardner","year":"1985","unstructured":"Gardner H (1985) The mind\u2019s new science. Basic Books, New York"},{"key":"820_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198754626.001.0001","volume-title":"The age of em: work, love and life when robots rule the earth","author":"R Hanson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hanson R (2016) The age of em: work, love and life when robots rule the earth. Oxford University Press, Oxford"},{"key":"820_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781316594179","volume-title":"The measure of all minds: evaluating natural and artificial intelligence","author":"J Hernandez-Orallo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hernandez-Orallo J (2017) The measure of all minds: evaluating natural and artificial intelligence. Springer, Berlin"},{"issue":"4","key":"820_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican1005-66","volume":"293","author":"J Horgan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Horgan J (2005) The forgotten era of brain chips. Sci Am 293(4):66\u201373","journal-title":"Sci Am"},{"key":"820_CR21","unstructured":"Hruska J (2014) The human brain\u2019s remarkably low power consumption, and how computers might mimic its efficiency\u2019 ExtremeTech (9 July). https:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/extreme\/185984-the-human-brains-remarkably-low-power-consumption-and-how-computers-might-mimic-its-efficiency . Accessed 9 Feb 2018"},{"key":"820_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1017\/S0018246X09990392","volume":"53","author":"B Jackson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jackson B (2009) At the origins of neo-liberalism: the free economy and the strong state, 1930\u201347\u2033. Hist J 53:129\u201351","journal-title":"Hist J"},{"key":"820_CR23","volume-title":"The energies of men","author":"W James","year":"1914","unstructured":"James W (1914) The energies of men. Moffat, Yard and Company. New York (Orig. 1906)"},{"key":"820_CR24","volume-title":"Neurotic distortion of the creative process","author":"L Kubie","year":"1967","unstructured":"Kubie L (1967) Neurotic distortion of the creative process. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, New York"},{"key":"820_CR25","volume-title":"The structure of scientific revolutions","author":"T Kuhn","year":"1962","unstructured":"Kuhn T (1962) The structure of scientific revolutions. University of Chicago Press, Chicago"},{"key":"820_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/california\/9780520274815.001.0001","volume-title":"Neuropsychedelia: the revival of hallucinogen research since the decade of the brain","author":"N Langlitz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Langlitz N (2012) Neuropsychedelia: the revival of hallucinogen research since the decade of the brain. University of California Press, Berkeley"},{"key":"820_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-54517-2","volume-title":"The nature of the machine and the collapse of cybernetics","author":"A Malapi-Nelson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Malapi-Nelson A (2017) The nature of the machine and the collapse of cybernetics. Palgrave Macmillan, New York"},{"key":"820_CR28","volume-title":"The psychology of science","author":"A Maslow","year":"1966","unstructured":"Maslow A (1966) The psychology of science. Harper and Row, New York"},{"key":"820_CR29","unstructured":"Mason LR (2015) Rewiring the brain to create new senses. Motherboard. https:\/\/motherboard.vice.com\/en_us\/article\/8qxjmg\/rewiring-the-brain-to-create-new-senses . Accessed 9 Feb 2018"},{"key":"820_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226667928.001.0001","volume-title":"The cybernetic brain","author":"A Pickering","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pickering A (2010) The cybernetic brain. University of Chicago Press, Chicago"},{"key":"820_CR31","volume-title":"The blank slate","author":"S Pinker","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pinker S (2002) The blank slate. Random House, New York"},{"key":"820_CR32","volume-title":"Reason, truth and history","author":"H Putnam","year":"1982","unstructured":"Putnam H (1982) Reason, truth and history. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK"},{"key":"820_CR33","unstructured":"Requarth T (2015) This is your brain. This is your brain as a weapon. Foreign Policy. http:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2015\/09\/14\/this-is-your-brain-this-is-your-brain-as-a-weapon-darpa-dual-use-neuroscience\/ . Accessed 9 Feb 2018"},{"key":"820_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1017\/S1745855209990330","volume":"4","author":"B Rubin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rubin B (2009) Changing brains: the emergence of the field of adult neurogenesis. BioSocieties 4:407\u2013424","journal-title":"BioSocieties"},{"key":"820_CR35","volume-title":"Creation: the origin of life\/the future of life","author":"A Rutherford","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rutherford A (2013) Creation: the origin of life\/the future of life. Penguin, London"},{"key":"820_CR36","volume-title":"On deep history and the brain","author":"D Smail","year":"2008","unstructured":"Smail D (2008) On deep history and the brain. University of California Press, Berkeley"},{"key":"820_CR37","volume-title":"The scientific image","author":"B Fraassen Van","year":"1981","unstructured":"Van Fraassen B (1981) The scientific image. Oxford University Press, Oxford"},{"key":"820_CR38","volume-title":"Monism: science, philosophy, religion, and the history of a worldview","year":"2012","unstructured":"Weir T (ed) (2012) Monism: science, philosophy, religion, and the history of a worldview. Palgrave Macmillan, London"},{"key":"820_CR39","unstructured":"Whitwam R (2013) Simulating 1 second of human brain activity takes 82,944 processors. ExtremeTech (5 August). http:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/extreme\/163051-simulating-1-second-of-human-brain-activity-takes-82944-processors . Accessed 9 Feb 2018"},{"key":"820_CR40","volume-title":"A history of the brain from stone age to neuroscience","author":"A Wickens","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wickens A (2015) A history of the brain from stone age to neuroscience. Psychology Press, London"},{"key":"820_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511536557.023","volume-title":"Fitness of the cosmos for life","author":"RJP Williams","year":"2007","unstructured":"Williams RJP, Frausto da Silva JJR (2007) Evolution revisited by inorganic chemists. In: Barrow JD (eds) Fitness of the cosmos for life. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 456\u2013489"},{"key":"820_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226902609.001.0001","volume-title":"Memory: fragments of a modern history","author":"A Winter","year":"2011","unstructured":"Winter A (2011) Memory: fragments of a modern history. University of Chicago Press, Chicago"},{"key":"820_CR43","volume-title":"Our cyborg future: law and policy implications","author":"B Wittes","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wittes B, Chong J (2014) Our cyborg future: law and policy implications. Brookings Institution, Washington DC"}],"container-title":["AI & SOCIETY"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00146-018-0820-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00146-018-0820-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00146-018-0820-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,14]],"date-time":"2022-08-14T04:42:44Z","timestamp":1660452164000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00146-018-0820-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,10]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["820"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00146-018-0820-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0951-5666","1435-5655"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0951-5666","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-5655","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 March 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 January 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 February 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}