{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T11:29:32Z","timestamp":1740137372832,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,14]],"date-time":"2018-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1526256000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AI &amp; Soc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-018-0849-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,14]],"date-time":"2018-05-14T07:28:40Z","timestamp":1526282920000},"page":"333-342","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Vulnerability under the gaze of robots: relations among humans and robots"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8476-3600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Liberati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shoji","family":"Nagataki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"849_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aaltonen I, Arvola A, Heikkil\u00e4 P, Lammi H (2017) Hello Pepper, May I Tickle You? Children\u2019s and adults\u2019 responses to an entertainment robot at a shopping mall. In: Proceedings of the companion of the 2017 ACM\/IEEE international conference on human\u2013robot interaction, no. 6\u20139 March 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3029798.3038362","DOI":"10.1145\/3029798.3038362"},{"key":"849_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Altez FR (2007) Banal and implied forms of violence in Levinas\u2019 phenomenological ethics. Kritike 1:52\u201370. http:\/\/www.kritike.org\/journal\/issue_1\/altez_june2007.pdf . Accessed 11 May 2018","DOI":"10.25138\/1.1.a.4"},{"issue":"6","key":"849_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1080\/0020174X.2011.628186","volume":"54","author":"P Atterton","year":"2011","unstructured":"Atterton P (2011) Levinas and our moral responsibility toward other animals. Inquiry 54(6):633\u2013649. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0020174X.2011.628186","journal-title":"Inquiry"},{"key":"849_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s13218-011-0116-9","volume":"25","author":"C Becker-Asano","year":"2011","unstructured":"Becker-Asano C (2011) Affective computing combined with android science. K\u00fcnstl Intell 25:245\u2013250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13218-011-0116-9","journal-title":"K\u00fcnstl Intell"},{"key":"849_CR5","unstructured":"Bemelmans R, Gelderblom GJ, Jonker P, Witte L (2015) Effectiveness of robot Paro in intramural psychogeriatric care: a multicenter quasi-experimental study. J Am Med Dir Assoc 16(11):946\u2013950. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jamda.2015.05.0071525-8610\/\u00d32015"},{"issue":"1","key":"849_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/0047-2786.t01-1-00003","volume":"30","author":"R Burggraeve","year":"1999","unstructured":"Burggraeve R (1999) Violence and the vulnerable face of the other: the vision of Emmanuel Levinas on moral evil and our responsibility. J Soc Philos 30(1):29\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/0047-2786.t01-1-00003","journal-title":"J Soc Philos"},{"key":"849_CR7","volume-title":"Precarious life: the powers of mourning","author":"J Butler","year":"2004","unstructured":"Butler J (2004) Precarious life: the powers of mourning. Verso, London"},{"key":"849_CR8","volume-title":"Frames of war","author":"J Butler","year":"2009","unstructured":"Butler J (2009) Frames of war. Verso, London"},{"key":"849_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984353","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/984353","volume":"2015","author":"D Cardone","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cardone D, Paola P, Arcangelo M (2015) Thermal infrared imaging-based computational psychophysiology for psychometrics. Comput Math Methods Med 2015:984353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/984353","journal-title":"Comput Math Methods Med"},{"key":"849_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2202\/1941-6008.1126","author":"M Coeckelbergh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Coeckelbergh M (2011) Artificial companions: empathy and vulnerability mirroring in human\u2013robot relations. Stud Ethics Law Technol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2202\/1941-6008.1126","journal-title":"Stud Ethics Law Technol"},{"key":"849_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-6025-7","volume-title":"Philosophy of engineering and technology","author":"M Coeckelbergh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Coeckelbergh M (2013) Human being @ risk, vol\u00a012. In: Philosophy of engineering and technology. Springer, Dordrecht. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-94-007-6025-7"},{"key":"849_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davy BJ (2007) An other face of ethics in Levinas. Ethics Environ. http:\/\/gunkelweb.com\/environment-ethics\/texts\/other_face_ethics.pdf . Accessed 11 May 2018","DOI":"10.2979\/ETE.2007.12.1.39"},{"issue":"3","key":"849_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1007\/s10746-017-9427-7","volume":"40","author":"L Dolezal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dolezal L (2017) Shame, vulnerability and belonging: reconsidering Sartre\u2019s account of shame. Hum Stud 40(3):421\u2013438. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10746-017-9427-7","journal-title":"Hum Stud"},{"key":"849_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4159\/9780674287136","volume-title":"Retrieving realism","author":"HL Dreyfus","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dreyfus HL, Taylor C (2015) Retrieving realism. Harvard University Press, Cambridge"},{"issue":"1","key":"849_CR15","first-page":"1","volume":"10","author":"A Duranti","year":"2010","unstructured":"Duranti A (2010) Husserl, intersubjectivity and anthropology. Anthropol Theor 10(1):1\u201320","journal-title":"Anthropol Theor"},{"key":"849_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-47437-3_74","volume-title":"The MuMMER project: engaging human\u2013robot interaction in real-world public spaces","author":"ME Foster","year":"2016","unstructured":"Foster ME, Alami R, Gestranius O, Lemon O, Niemel\u00e4 M, Odobez J-M, Pandey AK (2016) The MuMMER project: engaging human\u2013robot interaction in real-world public spaces. Springer, Cham, pp\u00a0753\u2013763. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-47437-3_74"},{"key":"849_CR17","volume-title":"The ecological approach to visual perception","author":"JJ Gibson","year":"1979","unstructured":"Gibson JJ (1979) The ecological approach to visual perception. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston"},{"issue":"2","key":"849_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.22329\/p.v2i2.248","volume":"2","author":"L Guenther","year":"2007","unstructured":"Guenther L (2007) Le Flair animal: Levinas and the possibility of animal friendship. PhaenEx 2(2):216\u2013238","journal-title":"PhaenEx"},{"key":"849_CR19","volume-title":"The future of human nature","author":"J Habermas","year":"2003","unstructured":"Habermas J (2003) The future of human nature. Polity Press, Cambridge"},{"issue":"5","key":"849_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2012.0338","volume":"8","author":"AC Hahn","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hahn AC, Whitehead RD, Albrecht M, Lefevre CE, Perrett DI (2012) Hot or not? Thermal reactions to social contact. Biol Lett 8(5):864\u2013867. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsbl.2012.0338","journal-title":"Biol Lett"},{"key":"849_CR21","volume-title":"Man the hunted: primates, predators, and human evolution","author":"D Hart","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hart D, Sussman RW (2005) Man the hunted: primates, predators, and human evolution. Basic Books, New York"},{"key":"849_CR22","volume-title":"Husserl\u2019s phenomenology: knowledge, objectivity and others","author":"K Hermberg","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hermberg K (2006) Husserl\u2019s phenomenology: knowledge, objectivity and others. Continuum, New York"},{"key":"849_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-010-2474-7","volume-title":"Zur Ph\u00e4nomenologie Der Intersubjektivit\u00e4t. Texte Aus Dem Nachlass. Dritter Teil: 1929\u20131935. Edited by Iso Kern. vol.XV. Husserliana","author":"E Husserl","year":"1973","unstructured":"Husserl E (1973) Zur Ph\u00e4nomenologie Der Intersubjektivit\u00e4t. Texte Aus Dem Nachlass. Dritter Teil: 1929\u20131935. Edited by Iso Kern. vol.\u00a0XV. Husserliana. Martinus Nijhoff, Den Haag"},{"key":"849_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Husserl E (1983) Ideas pertaining to a pure phenomenology and to a phenomenological philosophy. First book. General introduction to pure phenomenology. Vol. II. Collected works. Martinus Nijhoff","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-7445-6"},{"key":"849_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-2233-4","volume-title":"Ideas pertaining to pure phenomenology and to a phenomenological philosophy. Second book: studies in the phenomenology of constitution. Vol. III. Collected works","author":"E Husserl","year":"1989","unstructured":"Husserl E (1989) Ideas pertaining to pure phenomenology and to a phenomenological philosophy. Second book: studies in the phenomenology of constitution. Vol. III. Collected works. Kluwer Academic Publisher, Dordrecht"},{"issue":"10","key":"849_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12243","volume":"51","author":"S Ioannou","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ioannou S, Vittorio G, Arcangelo M (2014) Thermal Infrared Imaging in psychophysiology: potentialities and limits. Psychophysiology 51(10):951\u2013963. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/psyp.12243","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"849_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1080\/00071773.1993.11007024","volume":"24","author":"D Jopling","year":"1993","unstructured":"Jopling D (1993) Levinas, Sartre, and understanding the other. J Br Soc Phenomenol 24 (3):214\u2013231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00071773.1993.11007024","journal-title":"J Br Soc Phenomenol"},{"key":"849_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1145\/1514095.1514127","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 4th ACM\/IEEE international conference on human robot interaction\u2014HRI\u201909","author":"T Kanda","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kanda T, Masahiro S, Zenta M, Hiroshi I, Norihiro H (2009) An affective guide robot in a shopping mall. In: Proceedings of the 4th ACM\/IEEE international conference on human robot interaction\u2014HRI\u201909. ACM Press, New York, p\u00a0173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1514095.1514127"},{"key":"849_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511614996","volume-title":"Hunter and hunted: relationships between carnivores and people","author":"H Kruuk","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kruuk H (2002) Hunter and hunted: relationships between carnivores and people. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge"},{"issue":"4","key":"849_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1002\/smrj.58","volume":"3","author":"TM Kukkonen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kukkonen TM (2015) Devices and methods to measure female sexual arousal. Sex Med Rev 3 (4):225\u2013244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/SMRJ.58","journal-title":"Sex Med Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"849_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2006.00399.x","volume":"4","author":"TM Kukkonen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kukkonen TM, Yitzchak MB, Rhonda A, Serge C (2007) Thermography as a physiological measure of sexual arousal in both men and women. J Sex Med 4(1):93\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2006.00399.x","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"849_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-4364-3","volume-title":"Collected philosophical papersPhaenomenologica","author":"E Levinas","year":"1987","unstructured":"Levinas E (1987) Collected philosophical papers, vol\u00a0100. In: Phaenomenologica. Springer, Dordrecht. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-94-009-4364-3"},{"key":"849_CR33","volume-title":"The provocation of Levinas: rethinking the other","author":"E Levinas","year":"1988","unstructured":"Levinas E (1988) The paradox of morality: an interview with Emmanuel Levinas. In: Bernasconi R, Wood D (eds) The provocation of Levinas: rethinking the other. Routledge, Abingdon"},{"key":"849_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liberati N (2018) Being Riajuu [\u30ea\u30a2\u5145]. A phenomenological analysis of sentimental relationships with \u201cDigital Others\u201d. In: Cheok A, Levy D (eds) Love and sex with robots. LSR 2017. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 10715. Springer, Cham","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-76369-9_2"},{"key":"849_CR34","volume-title":"The story of the human body: evolution, health and disease","author":"D Lieberman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lieberman D (2013) The story of the human body: evolution, health and disease. Pantheon Books, New York"},{"issue":"4","key":"849_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1109\/JAS.2017.7510622","volume":"4","author":"Z Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu Z, Wu M, Cao W, Chen L, Xu J, Zhang R, Zhou M, Mao J (2017) A facial expression emotion recognition based human\u2013robot interaction system. IEEE\/CAA J Autom Sin 4(4):668\u2013676. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JAS.2017.7510622","journal-title":"IEEE\/CAA J Autom Sin"},{"key":"849_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781452276311","volume-title":"Theory in social and cultural anthropology: an encyclopedia","author":"RJ McGee","year":"2013","unstructured":"McGee RJ, Warms RL (2013) Theory in social and cultural anthropology: an encyclopedia. SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks"},{"key":"849_CR37","volume-title":"Ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nologie de La Perception","author":"M Merleau-Ponty","year":"1945","unstructured":"Merleau-Ponty M (1945) Ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nologie de La Perception. Gallimard, Paris"},{"key":"849_CR38","volume-title":"Le Visible et l\u2019invisible","author":"M Merleau-Ponty","year":"1964","unstructured":"Merleau-Ponty M (1964) Le Visible et l\u2019invisible. Gallimard, Paris"},{"key":"849_CR39","volume-title":"R\u00e9sum\u00e9s de Cours: Coll\u00e8ge de France 1952\u20131960","author":"M Merleau-Ponty","year":"1968","unstructured":"Merleau-Ponty M (1968) R\u00e9sum\u00e9s de Cours: Coll\u00e8ge de France 1952\u20131960. Gallimard, Paris"},{"issue":"4","key":"849_CR40","first-page":"33","volume":"7","author":"M Mori","year":"1970","unstructured":"Mori M (1970) The uncanny valley. Energy 7(4):33\u201335","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"849_CR41","unstructured":"Nagataki S, Shibata M, Konno T, Hashimoto T, Ohira H (2013) Reciprocal ascription of intentions realized in robot\u2013human interaction. In: Proceedings of the 35th annual meeting of the cognitive science society (CogSci2013), p\u00a04005"},{"key":"849_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nortvedt P (2003) Subjectivity and vulnerability: reflections on the foundation of ethical sensibility. Nurs Philos Int J Healthc Prof 4(3):222\u2013230. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/12969452 . Accessed 11 May 2018","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1466-769X.2003.00120.x"},{"key":"849_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203940365","volume-title":"Wittgenstein and other minds: rethinking subjectivity and intersubjectivity with Wittgenstein, Levinas, and Husserl","author":"S Overgaard","year":"2013","unstructured":"Overgaard S (2013) Wittgenstein and other minds: rethinking subjectivity and intersubjectivity with Wittgenstein, Levinas, and Husserl. Routledge, Abingdon"},{"issue":"3","key":"849_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-014-0278-3","volume":"7","author":"E Sandry","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sandry E (2015) Re-evaluating the form and communication of social robots. Int J Soc Robot 7(3):335\u2013346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12369-014-0278-3","journal-title":"Int J Soc Robot"},{"key":"849_CR45","volume-title":"Being and nothingness: an essay in phenomenological ontology","author":"J-P Sartre","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sartre J-P (2001) Being and nothingness: an essay in phenomenological ontology. Citadel Press, New York"},{"key":"849_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1353\/book28071","volume-title":"Moments of disruption: Levinas, Sartre, and the question of transcendence","author":"K Sealey","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sealey K (2013) Moments of disruption: Levinas, Sartre, and the question of transcendence. Suny Press, Albany"},{"key":"849_CR47","volume-title":"The scientific revolution","author":"S Shapin","year":"1998","unstructured":"Shapin S (1998) The scientific revolution. University of Chicago Press, Chicago"},{"key":"849_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4135\/9781446220573","volume-title":"Embodying the monster: encounters with the vulnerable self","author":"M Shildrick","year":"2002","unstructured":"Shildrick M (2002) Embodying the monster: encounters with the vulnerable self. SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks"},{"key":"849_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wada K, Shibata T (2018) Robot therapy in a care house\u2014its sociopsychological and physiological effects on the residents. In: Proceedings 2006 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2006. ICRA 2006, pp\u00a03966\u20133971. IEEE. Accessed 6 April 2006. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ROBOT.2006.1642310","DOI":"10.1109\/ROBOT.2006.1642310"},{"key":"849_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1734454.1734541","volume-title":"Proceeding of the 5th ACM\/IEEE international conference on human\u2013robot interaction\u2014HRI\u201910","author":"Y Yamaji","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yamaji Y, Miyake T, Yoshiike Y, Okada M (2010) STB: human-dependent sociable trash box. In: Proceeding of the 5th ACM\/IEEE international conference on human\u2013robot interaction\u2014HRI\u201910. ACM Press, New York. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1734454.1734541"},{"key":"849_CR51","volume-title":"Self-awareness and alterity: a phenomenological investigation","author":"D Zahavi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Zahavi D (1999) Self-awareness and alterity: a phenomenological investigation. Northwestern University Press, Evanston"},{"key":"849_CR52","first-page":"211","volume-title":"Reading Sartre: on phenomenology and existentialism","author":"D Zahavi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zahavi D (2011) Shame and the exposed self. In: Webber J (ed) Reading Sartre: on phenomenology and existentialism. Routledge, London, pp\u00a0211\u2013226"},{"key":"849_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199590681.001.0001","volume-title":"Self and other: exploring subjectivity, empathy, and shame","author":"D Zahavi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zahavi D (2014) Self and other: exploring subjectivity, empathy, and shame. Oxford University Press, Oxford"}],"container-title":["AI &amp; SOCIETY"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00146-018-0849-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00146-018-0849-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00146-018-0849-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,2]],"date-time":"2023-09-02T16:10:34Z","timestamp":1693671034000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00146-018-0849-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,14]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]}},"alternative-id":["849"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00146-018-0849-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0951-5666","1435-5655"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0951-5666"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1435-5655"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 January 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 May 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 May 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}