{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T19:52:52Z","timestamp":1778269972563,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]],"date-time":"2021-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617753600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]],"date-time":"2021-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AI & Soc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-021-01151-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]],"date-time":"2021-04-07T19:04:42Z","timestamp":1617822282000},"page":"877-893","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["AI from Concrete to Abstract"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4548-0768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rubens","family":"Lacerda Queiroz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4701-2821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e1bio","family":"Ferrentini Sampaio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1754-1666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cabral","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8515-9904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Priscila","family":"Machado Vieira Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"1151_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/eb007637","author":"I Aleksander","year":"1984","unstructured":"Aleksander I, Thomas W, Bowden P (1984) WISARD\u00b7 a radical step forward in image recognition. Sensor Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/eb007637","journal-title":"Sensor Rev"},{"key":"1151_CR2","unstructured":"Aleksander I, De Gregorio M., Fran\u00e7a FMG, Lima PMV, Morton, H (2009) A brief introduction to weightless neural systems. In: Proceedings of the 17th European symposium on the artificial neural networks, computational intelligence and machine learning, pp 299\u2013305. https:\/\/www.elen.ucl.ac.be\/Proceedings\/esann\/esannpdf\/es2009-6.pdf. Accessed 25 Mar 2020"},{"key":"1151_CR3","unstructured":"Almeida V (2018) Brasil precisa de estrat\u00e9gia para intelig\u00eancia artificial (Trad: Brazil needs a strategy for artificial intelligence). Academia Brasileira de Ci\u00eancias. http:\/\/www.abc.org.br\/2018\/08\/08\/brasil-precisa-de-estrategia-para-inteligencia-artificial\/. Accessed 25 Mar 2020 (in Portuguese)"},{"key":"1151_CR4","volume-title":"An outline of Piaget's developmental psychology","author":"RM Beard","year":"2006","unstructured":"Beard RM (2006) An outline of Piaget\u2019s developmental psychology. Routledge, Abingdon"},{"key":"1151_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1145\/303849.303866","volume":"42","author":"RD Beer","year":"1999","unstructured":"Beer RD, Chiel HJ, Drushel RF (1999) Using autonomous robotics to teach science and engineering. Commun ACM 42:85\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/303849.303866","journal-title":"Commun ACM"},{"key":"1151_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1609\/aimag.v27i1.1862","volume":"27","author":"D Blank","year":"2006","unstructured":"Blank D, Kumar D, Meeden L, Yanco H (2006) The Pyro toolkit for AI and robotics. AI Mag 27:39\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1609\/aimag.v27i1.1862","journal-title":"AI Mag"},{"key":"1151_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/2376.001.0001","volume-title":"Designing sociable robots","author":"CL Breazeal","year":"2004","unstructured":"Breazeal CL (2004) Designing sociable robots. MIT Press, Massachusetts"},{"key":"1151_CR8","first-page":"145","volume-title":"Piaget Vygotsky: the social genesis of thought","author":"AL Brown","year":"1996","unstructured":"Brown AL, Metz KE, Campione JC (1996) Social interaction and individual understanding in a community of learners: the influence of Piaget and Vygotsky. In: Tryphon A, Von\u00e8che J (eds) Piaget Vygotsky: the social genesis of thought. Psychology Press, New York, pp 145\u2013170"},{"key":"1151_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Budach L (1991) Fundamentals of Computation Theory. In: Proceedings 8th international conference, FCT'91, Gosen, Germany, September 9\u201313. Springer Science & Business Media, Berlin","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-54458-5"},{"key":"1151_CR10","unstructured":"Caltech (1988) Richard Feynman's blackboard at time of his death. http:\/\/archives-dc.library.caltech.edu\/islandora\/object\/ct1%3A483. Accessed 25 Mar 2020"},{"key":"1151_CR11","unstructured":"Caputo M (2019) MCTIC lan\u00e7a consulta p\u00fablica para a Estrat\u00e9gia Brasileira de Intelig\u00eancia Artificial (Trad: MCTIC launches public consultation for the Brazilian Artificial Intelligence Strategy). Academia Brasileira de Ci\u00eancias. http:\/\/www.abc.org.br\/2019\/12\/21\/mctic-lanca-consulta-publica-para-a-estrategia-brasileira-de-inteligencia-artificial\/. Accessed 25 Mar 2020 (in Portuguese)"},{"key":"1151_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2015.06.105","volume":"183","author":"DO Cardoso","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cardoso DO, Carvalho DS, Alves DS, Souza DF, Carneiro HC, Pedreira CE, Lima PMV, Fran\u00e7a FMG (2016) Financial credit analysis via a clustering weightless neural classifier. Neurocomputing 183:70\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neucom.2015.06.105","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"1151_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2015.02.012","volume":"66","author":"HC Carneiro","year":"2015","unstructured":"Carneiro HC, Fran\u00e7a FM, Lima PM (2015) Multilingual part-of-speech tagging with weightless neural networks. Neural Netw 66:11\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neunet.2015.02.012","journal-title":"Neural Netw"},{"key":"1151_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2017.04.011","volume":"91","author":"HC Carneiro","year":"2017","unstructured":"Carneiro HC, Pedreira CE, Fran\u00e7a FMG, Lima PMV (2017) A universal multilingual weightless neural network tagger via quantitative linguistics. Neural Netw 91:85\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neunet.2017.04.011","journal-title":"Neural Netw"},{"key":"1151_CR15","unstructured":"Carvalho DS, Carneiro HC, Fran\u00e7a FM, Lima PM (2013) B-bleaching: Agile overtraining avoidance in the wisard weightless neural classifier. In: Proceedings of the 21th European symposium on the artificial neural networks, computational intelligence and machine learning. https:\/\/www.elen.ucl.ac.be\/Proceedings\/esann\/esannpdf\/es2013-22.pdf .Accessed 25 Mar 2020"},{"key":"1151_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chaudhary V, Agrawal V, Sureka P, Sureka (2016) An experience report on teaching programming and computational thinking to elementary level children using Lego robotics education kit. In: IEEE eighth international conference on technology for education (T4E). IEEE, pp 38\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/T4E.2016.016","DOI":"10.1109\/T4E.2016.016"},{"key":"1151_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2017.05.029","volume":"96","author":"M De Gregorio","year":"2017","unstructured":"De Gregorio M, Giordano M (2017) Background estimation by weightless neural networks. Pattern Recognit Lett 96:55\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.patrec.2017.05.029","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit Lett"},{"key":"1151_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"De Gregorio M, Rullo A, Rubinacci S (2012) ISIDIS: an intelligent videosurveillance system. In: Proceedings of the international working conference on advanced visual interfaces, pp 800\u2013801. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2254556.2254721. Accessed 25 Mar 2020","DOI":"10.1145\/2254556.2254721"},{"key":"1151_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1049\/trit.2018.0016","volume":"3","author":"G De Luca","year":"2018","unstructured":"De Luca G, Li Z, Mian S, Chen Y (2018) Visual programming language environment for different IoT and robotics platforms in computer science education. CAAI Trans Intell Technol 3:119\u2013130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1049\/trit.2018.0016","journal-title":"CAAI Trans Intell Technol"},{"key":"1151_CR20","unstructured":"Dennard RH (1968) Field-effect transistor memory. U.S. Patent n. 3,387,286. https:\/\/patentimages.storage.googleapis.com\/f8\/db\/7d\/e3a852a40018ad\/US3387286.pdf. Accessed 02 Aug 2020"},{"key":"1151_CR21","unstructured":"Druga S (2018) Growing up with AI: cognimates: from coding to teaching machines. Dissertation. Massachusetts Institute of Technology."},{"key":"1151_CR22","unstructured":"EUROPARL (2017) Summary of the public consultation on the future of robotics and artificial intelligence. European Parliament. https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/committees\/en\/archives\/8\/juri\/public-consultations\/robotics. Accessed 25 Mar 2020"},{"key":"1151_CR23","unstructured":"Fran\u00e7a F, De Gregorio M, Lima P, de Oliveira W (2014) Advances on weightless neural systems. In: Proceedings of the 22th European symposium on the artificial neural networks, computational intelligence and machine learning, pp 497\u2013504. https:\/\/www.elen.ucl.ac.be\/Proceedings\/esann\/esannpdf\/es2014-7.pdf. Accessed 25 Mar 2020"},{"key":"1151_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-20680-2_1","volume-title":"The future of management in an AI world","author":"D Gil","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gil D, HobsonS MA, Puri R, Smith JR (2020) AI for management: an overview. In: Canals J, Heukamp F (eds) The future of management in an AI world. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, pp 3\u201319"},{"key":"1151_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/11306","volume-title":"Principles of artificial neural networks: basic designs to deep learning","author":"D Graupe","year":"2019","unstructured":"Graupe D (2019) Principles of artificial neural networks: basic designs to deep learning, vol 8. World Scientific, Singapore"},{"key":"1151_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1609\/aimag.v27i1.1865","volume":"27","author":"L Greenwald","year":"2006","unstructured":"Greenwald L, Artz D, Mehta Y, Shirmohammadi B (2006) Using educational robotics to motivate complete AI solutions. AI Mag 27:83\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1609\/aimag.v27i1.1865","journal-title":"AI Mag"},{"key":"1151_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2009.11.015","volume":"73","author":"BP Grieco","year":"2010","unstructured":"Grieco BP, Lima PM, De Gregorio M, Fran\u00e7a FMG (2010) Producing pattern examples from \u201cmental\u201d images. Neurocomputing 73:1057\u20131064. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neucom.2009.11.015","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"1151_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1145\/1383602.1383631","volume":"40","author":"O Hazzan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hazzan O (2008) Reflections on teaching abstraction and other soft ideas. ACM SIGCSE Bull 40:40\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1383602.1383631","journal-title":"ACM SIGCSE Bull"},{"key":"1151_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hevner A, Chatterjee S (2010) Design research in information systems: theory and practice. In: Integrated series in information systems, vol 22. Springer, New York","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-5653-8_2"},{"key":"1151_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hitron T, Wald I, Erel H, Zuckerman O (2018) Introducing children to machine learning concepts through hands-on experience. In: Proceedings of the 17th ACM conference on interaction design and children, pp 563\u2013568. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3202185.3210776","DOI":"10.1145\/3202185.3210776"},{"key":"1151_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hitron T, Orlev Y, Wald I, Shamir A, Erel H, Zuckerman O (2019) Can children understand machine learning concepts? The effect of uncovering black boxes. In: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems, pp 1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3290605.3300645","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300645"},{"key":"1151_CR32","unstructured":"Irgen-Gioro JJZ (2016) Teaching artificial intelligence using Lego. In: Proceedings of the international conference on frontiers in education: computer science and computer engineering (FECS), pp 209\u2013215. http:\/\/worldcomp-proceedings.com\/proc\/p2016\/FEC3679.pdf. Accessed 25 Mar 2020"},{"key":"1151_CR33","unstructured":"Kahn K, Megasari R, Piantari E, Junaeti E (2018) AI programming by children using Snap! Block programming in a developing country. In: European conference on technology enhanced learning (EC-TEL). http:\/\/ceur-ws.org\/Vol-2193\/paper1.pdf. Accessed 22 Sept 2020"},{"key":"1151_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kandlhofer M, Steinbauer G, Hirschmugl-Gaisch S, Huber P (2016) Artificial intelligence and computer science in education: from kindergarten to university. In: IEEE frontiers in education conference (FIE). IEEE, pp 1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/FIE.2016.7757570","DOI":"10.1109\/FIE.2016.7757570"},{"key":"1151_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1145\/1232743.1232745","volume":"50","author":"J Kramer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kramer J (2007) Is abstraction the key to computing? Commun ACM 50:36\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1232743.1232745","journal-title":"Commun ACM"},{"key":"1151_CR36","unstructured":"Kuhn D, Langer J, Kohlberg L, Haan NS (1977) The development of formal operations in logical and moral judgment. Genet Psychol Monogr 95:97\u2013188. https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/record\/1977-27210-001. Accessed 25 Mar 2020"},{"key":"1151_CR37","unstructured":"Lima Filho AS, Guarisa GP, Lusquino Filho LAD, Oliveira LFR, Franca FM, Lima PMV (2020) wisardpkg\u2014a library for WiSARD-based models. arXiv:2005.00887"},{"key":"1151_CR38","unstructured":"Lister R (2011) Concrete and other neo-piagetian forms of reasoning in the novice programmer. Conferences in research and practice in information technology series 114:9\u201318. https:\/\/opus.lib.uts.edu.au\/handle\/10453\/17580. Accessed 25 Mar 2020"},{"key":"1151_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2019.12.134","author":"LAD Lusquino Filho","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lusquino Filho LAD, Oliveira LFR, Lima Filho A, Guarisa GP, Felix LM, Lima PMV, Fran\u00e7a FMG (2020) Extending the weightless WiSARD classifier for regression. Neurocomputing. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neucom.2019.12.134","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"1151_CR40","volume-title":"Digital logic and computer design","author":"MM Mano","year":"1979","unstructured":"Mano MM (1979) Digital logic and computer design. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs"},{"key":"1151_CR41","unstructured":"Marcus G (2014) What Comes After the Turing Test? The New Yorker. https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/tech\/annals-of-technology\/what-comes-after-the-turing-test. Accessed 25 Mar 2020"},{"key":"1151_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1145\/1041624.1041626","volume":"36","author":"EM Medina","year":"2004","unstructured":"Medina EM (2004) Beyond the ballot box: computer science education and social responsibility. SIGCSE Bull 36:7\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1041624.1041626","journal-title":"SIGCSE Bull"},{"key":"1151_CR43","volume-title":"Machine learning","author":"TM Mitchell","year":"1997","unstructured":"Mitchell TM (1997) Machine learning. McGraw-Hill, New York"},{"key":"1151_CR44","unstructured":"Mitchell TM (2006) The discipline of machine learning. Technical Report. Carnegie Mellon University. School of Computer Science. Machine Learning Department. http:\/\/ra.adm.cs.cmu.edu\/anon\/usr0\/ftp\/anon\/ml\/CMU-ML-06-108.pdf. Accessed 25 Mar 2020"},{"key":"1151_CR45","volume-title":"Mindstorms: children, computers, and powerful ideas","author":"S Papert","year":"1993","unstructured":"Papert S (1993a) Mindstorms: children, computers, and powerful ideas. Basic Books, New York"},{"key":"1151_CR46","volume-title":"The children's machine: rethinking school in the age of the computer","author":"S Papert","year":"1993","unstructured":"Papert S (1993b) The children\u2019s machine: rethinking school in the age of the computer. Basic Books, New York"},{"key":"1151_CR47","unstructured":"Parsons S, Sklar E (2004) Teaching AI using LEGO mindstorms. In: AAAI spring symposium. https:\/\/www.aaai.org\/Papers\/Symposia\/Spring\/2004\/SS-04-01\/SS04-01-003.pdf. Accessed 25 Mar 2020"},{"key":"1151_CR48","volume-title":"The psychology of intelligence","author":"J Piaget","year":"1950","unstructured":"Piaget J (1950) The psychology of intelligence. Routledge and Kegan Paul, London"},{"key":"1151_CR49","volume-title":"The psychology of the child","author":"J Piaget","year":"1969","unstructured":"Piaget J, Barbel I (1969) The psychology of the child. Basic Books, New York"},{"key":"1151_CR50","volume-title":"Investigaciones sobre la abstracci\u00f3n reflexionante: La abstracci\u00f3n del orden y de las relaciones espaciales (Trad: research on reflective abstraction: the abstraction of order and spatial relations)","author":"J Piaget","year":"1980","unstructured":"Piaget J, Ackermann E, Entel A, Sinnott E (1980) Investigaciones sobre la abstracci\u00f3n reflexionante: La abstracci\u00f3n del orden y de las relaciones espaciales (Trad: research on reflective abstraction: the abstraction of order and spatial relations), vol 2. Huemul, Buenos Aires (in Spanish)"},{"key":"1151_CR51","unstructured":"Pimentel M, Filippo D, Santoro FM (2019) Design Science Research: fazendo pesquisas cient\u00edficas rigorosas atreladas ao desenvolvimento de artefatos computacionais projetados para a educa\u00e7\u00e3o (Trad: Design Science Research: doing rigorous scientific research linked to the development of computational artifacts designed for education). In: Jaques P, Pimentel M, Siqueira S, Bitencourt I (eds) Metodologia de Pesquisa Cient\u00edfica em Inform\u00e1tica na Educa\u00e7\u00e3o: Concep\u00e7\u00e3o de Pesquisa, vol 1. SBC, Porto Alegre. https:\/\/metodologia.ceie-br.org\/livro-1\/. Accessed 25 Mar 2020 (in Portuguese)"},{"key":"1151_CR52","unstructured":"Prado GMD (2015) Intelligent robots don't need to be conscious to turn against us. Business Insider. http:\/\/static7.businessinsider.com\/artificial-intelligence-machine-consciousness-expert-stuart-russell-future-ai-2015-7. Accessed 25 Mar 2020"},{"key":"1151_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1080\/095400996116866","volume":"8","author":"L Pratt","year":"1996","unstructured":"Pratt L, Jennings B (1996) A survey of transfer between connectionist networks. Connect Sci 8:163\u2013184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/095400996116866","journal-title":"Connect Sci"},{"key":"1151_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Queiroz RL, Sampaio FF, dos Santos MP (2016) DuinoBlocks4Kids: Ensinando conceitos b\u00e1sicos de programa\u00e7\u00e3o a crian\u00e7as do Ensino Fundamental I por meio da Rob\u00f3tica Educacional (Trad: DuinoBlocks4Kids: teaching basic programming concepts to elementary school children through educational robotics). In: Anais dos Workshops do Congresso Brasileiro de Inform\u00e1tica na Educa\u00e7\u00e3o, pp 1169\u20131178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5753\/cbie.wcbie.2016.1169(in Portuguese)","DOI":"10.5753\/cbie.wcbie.2016.1169"},{"key":"1151_CR55","unstructured":"Queiroz RL, Sampaio FF, Lima PMV (2017) Uma investiga\u00e7\u00e3o sobre estrat\u00e9gias a serem adotadas para o aprendizado de Intelig\u00eancia Artificial no Ensino Fundamental por meio da Rob\u00f3tica Educacional (Trad: an investigation on strategies to be adopted for learning Artificial Intelligence in Elementary Education through Educational Robotics). ERSI-RJ, Rio de Janeiro. https:\/\/docplayer.com.br\/69164139-Anais-da-iv-escola-regional-de-sistemas-de-informacao-do-rio-de-janeiro.html. Accessed 25 Mar 2020 (in Portuguese)"},{"key":"1151_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Queiroz RL, de Azeredo Coutinho IB, Xex\u00e9o GB, Lima PMV, Sampaio FF (2018) Playing with robots using your brain. In: 17th Brazilian symposium on computer games and digital entertainment (SBGames), IEEE, pp 197\u20131977. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/SBGAMES.2018.00031","DOI":"10.1109\/SBGAMES.2018.00031"},{"key":"1151_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.5753\/rbie.2019.27.02.167","volume":"27","author":"RL Queiroz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Queiroz RL, Sampaio FF, dos Santos MP (2019) DuinoBlocks4Kids: using free technology and low-cost materials for the exercise of computational thinking in primary school via programming and educational robotics. Brazil J Comput Educ 27:167\u2013197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5753\/rbie.2019.27.02.167 (in Portuguese)","journal-title":"Brazil J Comput Educ"},{"key":"1151_CR58","volume-title":"Artificial intelligence: a modern approach","author":"SJ Russell","year":"2010","unstructured":"Russell SJ, Norvig P (2010) Artificial intelligence: a modern approach. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River"},{"key":"1151_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sakulkueakulsuk B, Witoon S, Ngarmkajornwiwat P, Pataranutaporn P, Surareungchai W, Pataranutaporn P, Subsoontorn P (2018) Kids making AI: integrating machine learning, gamification, and social context in STEM Education. In: IEEE international conference on teaching, assessment, and learning for engineering (TALE), 4\u20137, pp 1005\u20131010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TALE.2018.8615249","DOI":"10.1109\/TALE.2018.8615249"},{"key":"1151_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2020.01.115","author":"L Santiago","year":"2020","unstructured":"Santiago L, Verona L, Rangel F, Firmino F, Menasch\u00e9 DS, Caarls W, Breternitz M Jr, Kundu S, Lima PMV, Fran\u00e7a FMG (2020) Weightless neural networks as memory segmented bloom filters. Neurocomputing. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neucom.2020.01.115","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"1151_CR61","volume-title":"Developmental psychology: Childhood and adolescence","author":"DR Shaffer","year":"1996","unstructured":"Shaffer DR (1996) Developmental psychology: Childhood and adolescence. Cengage Learning, Wadsworth"},{"key":"1151_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1093\/mind\/LIX.236.433","volume":"236","author":"AM Turing","year":"1950","unstructured":"Turing AM (1950) Computing machinery and intelligence. Mind 236:433\u2013460. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/mind\/LIX.236.433","journal-title":"Mind"},{"key":"1151_CR63","unstructured":"Vasuki AA, Govindaraju SB (2017) Deep neural networks for image classification. In: Hemanth DJ, EstrelaVV (ed) Deep learning for image processing applications, vol 31. IOS Press, Amsterdam. pp 27\u201349"},{"key":"1151_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-43839-8","volume-title":"Design science methodology for information systems and software engineering","author":"RJ Wieringa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wieringa RJ (2014) Design science methodology for information systems and software engineering. Springer, Heidelberg"},{"key":"1151_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1145\/1118178.1118215","volume":"49","author":"J Wing","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wing J (2006) Computational thinking. Commun ACM 49:33\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1118178.1118215","journal-title":"Commun ACM"},{"key":"1151_CR66","unstructured":"Yogeshwar R (2018) Os dados que voc\u00ea entrega acabar\u00e3o por estrangul\u00e1-lo no sistema (Trad: The data you deliver will eventually strangle you in the system). El Pa\u00eds. https:\/\/brasil.elpais.com\/brasil\/2018\/10\/16\/tecnologia\/1539702580_437926.html. Accessed 25 Mar 2020 (in Portuguese)"}],"container-title":["AI & SOCIETY"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00146-021-01151-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00146-021-01151-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00146-021-01151-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,24]],"date-time":"2021-09-24T11:48:57Z","timestamp":1632484137000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00146-021-01151-x"}},"subtitle":["Demystifying artificial intelligence to the general public"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["1151"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00146-021-01151-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0951-5666","1435-5655"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0951-5666","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-5655","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 August 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 October 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 April 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}