{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T10:12:52Z","timestamp":1784023972618,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]],"date-time":"2021-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624838400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]],"date-time":"2021-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008007","name":"Universit\u00e4t Paderborn","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008007","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AI &amp; Soc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The application of artificial intelligence (AI) in hospitals yields many advantages but also confronts healthcare with ethical questions and challenges. While various disciplines have conducted specific research on the ethical considerations of AI in hospitals, the literature still requires a holistic overview. By conducting a systematic discourse approach highlighted by expert interviews with healthcare specialists, we identified the status quo of interdisciplinary research in academia on ethical considerations and dimensions of AI in hospitals. We found 15 fundamental manuscripts by constructing a citation network for the ethical discourse, and we extracted actionable principles and their relationships. We provide an agenda to guide academia, framed under the principles of biomedical ethics. We provide an understanding of the current ethical discourse of AI in clinical environments, identify where further research is pressingly needed, and discuss additional research questions that should be addressed. We also guide practitioners to acknowledge AI-related benefits in hospitals and to understand the related ethical concerns.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-021-01239-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]],"date-time":"2021-06-28T19:07:21Z","timestamp":1624907241000},"page":"1361-1382","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Artificial intelligence in hospitals: providing a status quo of ethical considerations in academia to guide future research"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Milad","family":"Mirbabaie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lennart","family":"Hofeditz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas R. J.","family":"Frick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Stieglitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"1239_CR1","unstructured":"AEM (2020) Akademie f\u00fcr Ethik in der Medizin\u2014Ziele und Aufgaben. https:\/\/www.aem-online.de\/. Accessed 29 Apr 2021"},{"key":"1239_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e17707","DOI":"10.2196\/17707","volume":"22","author":"H Alami","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alami H, Lehoux P, Auclair Y et al (2020) Artificial intelligence and health technology assessment: anticipating a new level of complexity. J Med Internet Res 22:e17707. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/17707","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"1239_CR3","unstructured":"AMA (2020) American Medical Association Principles of Medical Ethics. https:\/\/www.ama-assn.org\/delivering-care\/ethics\/code-medical-ethics-overview. Accessed 29 Apr 2021"},{"key":"1239_CR4","unstructured":"Amnesty International (2020) Help women and girls in Poland fight dangerous new restrictions on abortion. https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/get-involved\/take-action\/help-women-and-girls-in-poland-fight-new-restrictions-on-abortion\/. Accessed 15 Apr 2021"},{"key":"1239_CR5","first-page":"15","volume":"28","author":"M Anderson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Anderson M, Anderson SL (2007) Machine ethics: creating an ethical intelligent agent. AI Mag 28:15\u201326","journal-title":"AI Mag"},{"key":"1239_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s10676-018-9447-7","volume":"20","author":"T Arnold","year":"2018","unstructured":"Arnold T, Scheutz M (2018) The \u201cbig red button\u201d is too late: an alternative model for the ethical evaluation of AI systems. Ethics Inf Technol 20:59\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10676-018-9447-7","journal-title":"Ethics Inf Technol"},{"key":"1239_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2342","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.28046","volume":"119","author":"PJ Atherton","year":"2013","unstructured":"Atherton PJ, Smith T, Singh JA et al (2013) The relation between cancer patient treatment decision-making roles and quality of life. Cancer 119:2342\u20132349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncr.28046","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"1239_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.19.237289","volume":"98","author":"K B\u00e6r\u00f8e","year":"2020","unstructured":"B\u00e6r\u00f8e K, Miyata-Sturm A, Henden E (2020) How to achieve trustworthy artificial intelligence for health. Bull World Health Organ 98:257\u2013262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2471\/BLT.19.237289","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"1239_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2020.113305","volume":"149","author":"G Bargshady","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bargshady G, Zhou X, Deo RC et al (2020) Enhanced deep learning algorithm development to detect pain intensity from facial expression images. Expert Syst Appl 149:113305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eswa.2020.113305","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"1239_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2019.12.012","volume":"58","author":"A Barredo Arrieta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Barredo Arrieta A, D\u00edaz-Rodr\u00edguez N, Del Ser J et al (2020) Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI): concepts, taxonomies, opportunities and challenges toward responsible AI. Inf Fusion 58:82\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.inffus.2019.12.012","journal-title":"Inf Fusion"},{"key":"1239_CR11","first-page":"401","volume":"41","author":"M Batin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Batin M, Turchin A, Markov S et al (2017) Artificial intelligence in life extension: from deep learning to superintelligence. Informatica 41:401\u2013417","journal-title":"Informatica"},{"key":"1239_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2016.10.024","volume":"167","author":"A Bear","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bear A, Knobe J (2016) Normality: part descriptive, part prescriptive. Cognition 167:25\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cognition.2016.10.024","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"1239_CR13","volume-title":"Principles of biomedical ethics","author":"TL Beauchamp","year":"2019","unstructured":"Beauchamp TL, Childress JF (2019) Principles of biomedical ethics, 8th edn. Oxford University Press, New York","edition":"8"},{"key":"1239_CR14","volume-title":"Decision making: descriptive, normative, and prescriptive interactions","author":"DE Bell","year":"1989","unstructured":"Bell DE (1989) Decision making: descriptive, normative, and prescriptive interactions. Cambridge University Press"},{"key":"1239_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intcom.2010.02.001","volume":"22","author":"T Bickmore","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bickmore T, Puskar K, Schlenk E et al (2010) Maintaining reality: relational agents for antipsychotic medication adherence. Interact Comput 22:276\u2013288. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intcom.2010.02.001","journal-title":"Interact Comput"},{"key":"1239_CR16","unstructured":"Boell SK, Blair W (2019) An IT artifact supporting exploratory literature searches. In: Australasian conference on information systems. http:\/\/www.litbaskets.io. Accessed 21 Jun 2021"},{"key":"1239_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2929.2005.02088.x","volume":"39","author":"M Bore","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bore M, Munro D, Kerridge I, Powis D (2005) Selection of medical students according to their moral orientation. Med Educ 39:266\u2013275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2929.2005.02088.x","journal-title":"Med Educ"},{"key":"1239_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s10257-020-00471-7","volume":"18","author":"F Brachten","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brachten F, Br\u00fcnker F, Frick NRJ et al (2020) On the ability of virtual agents to decrease cognitive load: an experimental study. Inf Syst E-Bus Manag 18:187\u2013207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10257-020-00471-7","journal-title":"Inf Syst E-Bus Manag"},{"key":"1239_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/su13041974","volume":"13","author":"AB Brendel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Brendel AB, Mirbabaie M, Lembcke TB, Hofeditz L (2021) Ethical management of artificial intelligence. Sustainability 13:1\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su13041974","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"1239_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-019-0878-9","volume":"19","author":"RJ Burton","year":"2019","unstructured":"Burton RJ, Albur M, Eberl M, Cuff SM (2019) Using artificial intelligence to reduce diagnostic workload without compromising detection of urinary tract infections. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 19:1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12911-019-0878-9","journal-title":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak"},{"key":"1239_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/s10796-019-09920-2","volume":"22","author":"B Bygstad","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bygstad B, \u00d8vrelid E, Lie T, Bergquist M (2020) Developing and organizing an analytics capability for patient flow in a general hospital. Inf Syst Front 22:353\u2013364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10796-019-09920-2","journal-title":"Inf Syst Front"},{"key":"1239_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2018.0080","author":"C Cath","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cath C (2018) Governing artificial intelligence: ethical, legal and technical opportunities and challenges. Philos Trans R Soc A Math Phys Eng Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsta.2018.0080","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc A Math Phys Eng Sci"},{"key":"1239_CR23","unstructured":"CEOM (2020) Principles of European Medical Ethics. http:\/\/www.ceom-ecmo.eu\/en\/view\/principles-of-european-medical-ethics. Accessed 29 Apr 2021"},{"key":"1239_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1714229","volume":"378","author":"DS Char","year":"2018","unstructured":"Char DS, Shah NH, Magnus D (2018) Implementing machine learning in health care\u2014addressing ethical challenges. N Engl J Med 378:979\u2013981","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1239_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1038\/538311a","volume":"538","author":"K Crawford","year":"2016","unstructured":"Crawford K, Calo R (2016) There is a blind spot in AI research. Nature 538:311\u2013313","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1239_CR26","volume-title":"Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods","author":"JW Creswell","year":"2018","unstructured":"Creswell JW, Creswell DJ (2018) Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods. SAGE Publications"},{"key":"1239_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2019.06.002","volume":"129","author":"FA De Ram\u00f3n Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2019","unstructured":"De Ram\u00f3n Fern\u00e1ndez FA, Ruiz Fern\u00e1ndez D, Prieto S\u00e1nchez MT (2019) A decision support system for predicting the treatment of ectopic pregnancies. Int J Med Inform 129:198\u2013204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2019.06.002","journal-title":"Int J Med Inform"},{"key":"1239_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Denecke K, Lutz Hochreutener S, P\u00f6pel A, May R (2018) Talking to ana: a mobile self-anamnesis application with conversational user interface. In: International Conference on Digital Health. ACM: New York, US","DOI":"10.1145\/3194658.3194670"},{"key":"1239_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1080\/09540091.2018.1560394","volume":"31","author":"D Devi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Devi D, Biswas SK, Purkayastha B (2019) Learning in presence of class imbalance and class overlapping by using one-class SVM and undersampling technique. Conn Sci 31:105\u2013142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09540091.2018.1560394","journal-title":"Conn Sci"},{"key":"1239_CR30","unstructured":"Diederich S, Brendel AB, Kolbe LM (2019) On conversational agents in information systems research: analyzing the past to guide future work. In: Proceedings of 14th International Conference on Wirtschaftsinformatik. AISel: Siegen, Germany"},{"key":"1239_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-013-0441-8","volume":"16","author":"SE Dilsizian","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dilsizian SE, Siegel EL (2014) Artificial intelligence in medicine and cardiac imaging: harnessing big data and advanced computing to provide personalized medical diagnosis and treatment. Curr Cardiol Rep 16:441. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11886-013-0441-8","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rep"},{"key":"1239_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2019.01.021","volume":"48","author":"Y Duan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Duan Y, Edwards JS, Dwivedi YK (2019) Artificial intelligence for decision making in the era of big data\u2014evolution, challenges and research agenda. Int J Inf Manag 48:63\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2019.01.021","journal-title":"Int J Inf Manag"},{"key":"1239_CR33","unstructured":"EU (2020) Ethics guidelines for trustworthy AI. https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/futurium\/en\/ai-alliance-consultation. Accessed 29 Apr 2021"},{"key":"1239_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1007\/s11023-018-9482-5","volume":"28","author":"L Floridi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Floridi L, Cowls J, Beltrametti M et al (2018) AI4 people\u2014an ethical framework for a good AI society: opportunities, risks, principles, and recommendations. Minds Mach 28:689\u2013707. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11023-018-9482-5","journal-title":"Minds Mach"},{"key":"1239_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10796-020-10053-0","author":"G Fox","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fox G, James TL (2020) Toward an understanding of the antecedents to health information privacy concern: a mixed methods study. Inf Syst Front. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10796-020-10053-0","journal-title":"Inf Syst Front"},{"key":"1239_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1365\/s40702-019-00505-w","volume":"56","author":"N Frick","year":"2019","unstructured":"Frick N, Br\u00fcnker F, Ross B, Stieglitz S (2019a) The utilization of artificial intelligence for improving incident management. HMD 56:357\u2013369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1365\/s40702-019-00505-w","journal-title":"HMD"},{"key":"1239_CR37","unstructured":"Frick NRJ, Br\u00fcnker F, Ross B, Stieglitz S (2019b) Towards Successful Collaboration: Design Guidelines for AI-based Services enriching Information Systems in Organisations. In: Proceedings of the 30th Australasian Conference on Information Systems. ArXiv, Fremantle, Australia, p arXiv:1912.01077"},{"key":"1239_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctt1p6qpn7.29","volume":"61","author":"AM Froomkin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Froomkin AM, Kerr I, Pineau J (2019) Confronting the challenges of the world. Call Holin 61:167\u2013170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/j.ctt1p6qpn7.29","journal-title":"Call Holin"},{"key":"1239_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1177\/1094428112452151","volume":"16","author":"DA Gioia","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gioia DA, Corley KG, Hamilton AL (2013) Seeking qualitative rigor in inductive research. Organ Res Methods 16:15\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1094428112452151","journal-title":"Organ Res Methods"},{"key":"1239_CR41","volume-title":"No preconceptions: the grounded theory dictum","author":"BG Glaser","year":"2013","unstructured":"Glaser BG (2013) No preconceptions: the grounded theory dictum. Sociology Press, Mill Valley"},{"key":"1239_CR42","unstructured":"Gnewuch U, Morana S, Adam M, Maedche A (2017) Towards Designing Cooperative and Social Conversational Agents for Customer Service. In: Proceedings of the Thirty Eighth International Conference on Information Systems. CCBY-NC-ND 4.0 license http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/bync-nd\/4.0\/. South Korea"},{"key":"1239_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2019.04.013","volume":"69","author":"D Gruson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gruson D, Helleputte T, Rousseau P, Gruson D (2019) Data science, artificial intelligence, and machine learning: opportunities for laboratory medicine and the value of positive regulation. Clin Biochem 69:1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2019.04.013","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"1239_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2402","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.17216","volume":"316","author":"V Gulshan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gulshan V, Peng L, Coram M et al (2016) Development and validation of a deep learning algorithm for detection of diabetic retinopathy in retinal fundus photographs. J Am Med Assoc 316:2402\u20132410. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2016.17216","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"1239_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0307-0","volume":"25","author":"J He","year":"2019","unstructured":"He J, Baxter SL, Xu J et al (2019) The practical implementation of artificial intelligence technologies in medicine. Nat Med 25:30\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-018-0307-0","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"1239_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1136\/jme.18.3.142","volume":"18","author":"PC Hebert","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hebert PC, Meslin EM, Dunn EV (1992) Measuring the ethical sensitivity of medical students: a study at the University of Toronto. J Med Ethics 18:142\u2013147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jme.18.3.142","journal-title":"J Med Ethics"},{"key":"1239_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-015-0353-9","author":"TJ Hirschauer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hirschauer TJ, Adeli H, Buford JA (2015) Computer-aided diagnosis of Parkinson\u2019s disease using enhanced probabilistic neural network. J Med Syst. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10916-015-0353-9","journal-title":"J Med Syst"},{"key":"1239_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.23861\/EJBM20102542","volume":"25","author":"R Hulkower","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hulkower R (2010) The history of the hippocratic oath: outdated, inauthentic, and yet still relevant 4 commentary. Einstein J Biol Med 25:41\u201344","journal-title":"Einstein J Biol Med"},{"key":"1239_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1109\/2.485891","volume":"29","author":"AK Jain","year":"1996","unstructured":"Jain AK, Mao J, Mohiuddin KM (1996) Artificial neural networks: a tutorial. Computer (long Beach Calif) 29:31\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/2.485891","journal-title":"Computer (long Beach Calif)"},{"key":"1239_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jiang F, Jiang Y, Zhi H, et al (2017) Artificial intelligence in healthcare: past, present and future. Stroke Vasc Neurol\u00a00:e000101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/svn-2017-000101","DOI":"10.1136\/svn-2017-000101"},{"key":"1239_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2005.01.007","volume":"36","author":"S Kara","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kara S, G\u00fcven A, Okandan M, Dirgenali F (2006) Utilization of artificial neural networks and autoregressive modeling in diagnosing mitral valve stenosis. Comput Biol Med 36:473\u2013483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2005.01.007","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med"},{"key":"1239_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2017.07.013","volume":"127","author":"J-I Ker","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ker J-I, Wang Y, Hajli N (2018) Examining the impact of health information systems on healthcare service improvement: The case of reducing in patient-flow delays in a U.S. hospital. Technol Forecast Soc Change 127:188\u2013198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.techfore.2017.07.013","journal-title":"Technol Forecast Soc Change"},{"key":"1239_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kimani E, Bickmore T, Trinh H, et al (2016) A Smartphone-Based Virtual Agent for Atrial Fibrillation Education and Counseling. In: Lecture Notes in Computer Science: Proceedings of the International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents, 10011th edn. Springer: Los Angeles, US. pp 120\u2013127","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-47665-0_11"},{"key":"1239_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730.2013.798374","volume":"18","author":"A King","year":"2013","unstructured":"King A, Bickmore T, Campero M et al (2013) Employing virtual advisors in preventive care for underserved communities: results from the COMPASS study. J Health Commun 18:1449\u20131464. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10810730.2013.798374","journal-title":"J Health Commun"},{"key":"1239_CR55","unstructured":"Knight W (2017) The dark secret at the heart of AI. MIT Technol Rev. https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/2017\/04\/11\/5113\/the-dark-secret-at-the-heart-of-ai\/. Accessed 21 Jun"},{"key":"1239_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/2963106","volume":"6","author":"B Knijnenburg","year":"2016","unstructured":"Knijnenburg B, Willemsen M (2016) Inferring capabilities of intelligent agents from their external traits. ACM Trans Interact Intell Syst 6:1\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2963106","journal-title":"ACM Trans Interact Intell Syst"},{"key":"1239_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.03.571","volume":"69","author":"C Krittanawong","year":"2017","unstructured":"Krittanawong C, Zhang H, Wang Z et al (2017) Artificial intelligence in precision cardiovascular medicine. J Am Coll Cardiol 69:2657\u20132664. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.03.571","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"1239_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ku CH, Chang Y-C, Wang Y, et al (2019) Artificial Intelligence and Visual Analytics: A Deep-Learning Approach to Analyze Hotel Reviews & Responses. In: Proceedings of the 52nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. HICSS: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Hawaii, pp 5268\u20135277","DOI":"10.24251\/HICSS.2019.634"},{"key":"1239_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.17705\/1jais.00556","volume":"20","author":"KR Larsen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Larsen KR, Hovorka DS, Dennis AR, West JD (2019) Understanding the elephant: the discourse approach to boundary identification and corpus construction for theory review articles. J Assoc Inf Syst 20:887\u2013927. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17705\/1jais.00556","journal-title":"J Assoc Inf Syst"},{"key":"1239_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146457","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2943197","volume":"7","author":"H Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li H, Wang X, Liu C et al (2019a) Dual-input neural network integrating feature extraction and deep learning for coronary artery disease detection using electrocardiogram and phonocardiogram. IEEE Access 7:146457\u2013146469. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2943197","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"1239_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li Y, Deng X, Wang Y (2019b) Introduction to the minitrack on augmenting human intelligence: artificially, socially, and ethically. In: Proceedings of the 52nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Manoa, Hawaii, pp 5266\u20135267","DOI":"10.24251\/HICSS.2019.633"},{"key":"1239_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2020.103284","author":"CF Libaque-S\u00e1enz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Libaque-S\u00e1enz CF, Wong SF, Chang Y, Bravo ER (2020) The effect of fair information practices and data collection methods on privacy-related behaviors: a study of mobile apps. Inf Manag. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.im.2020.103284","journal-title":"Inf Manag"},{"key":"1239_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2019.04.015","volume":"76","author":"F L\u00f3pez-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2019","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Mart\u00ednez F, N\u00fa\u00f1ez-Valdez ER, Lorduy Gomez J, Garc\u00eda-D\u00edaz V (2019) A neural network approach to predict early neonatal sepsis. Comput Electr Eng 76:379\u2013388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2019.04.015","journal-title":"Comput Electr Eng"},{"key":"1239_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luger E, Sellen A (2016) \u201cLike Having a Really Bad PA\u201d: the gulf between user expectation and experience of conversational agents. In: Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM: New York, US, pp 5286\u20135297","DOI":"10.1145\/2858036.2858288"},{"key":"1239_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artmed.2014.06.004","author":"DD Luxton","year":"2014","unstructured":"Luxton DD (2014a) Recommendations for the ethical use and design of artificial intelligent care providers. Artif Intell Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.artmed.2014.06.004","journal-title":"Artif Intell Med"},{"key":"1239_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1037\/a0034559","volume":"45","author":"DD Luxton","year":"2014","unstructured":"Luxton DD (2014b) Artificial intelligence in psychological practice: current and future applications and implications. Prof Psychol Res Pract 45:332\u2013339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0034559","journal-title":"Prof Psychol Res Pract"},{"key":"1239_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1001\/amajethics.2019.131","volume":"21","author":"DD Luxton","year":"2019","unstructured":"Luxton DD (2019) Should watson be consulted for a second opinion? AMA J Ethics 21:131\u2013137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/amajethics.2019.131","journal-title":"AMA J Ethics"},{"key":"1239_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1799-6","volume":"577","author":"SM McKinney","year":"2020","unstructured":"McKinney SM, Sieniek M, Godbole V et al (2020) International evaluation of an AI system for breast cancer screening. Nature 577:89\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-019-1799-6","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1239_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1504\/IJMEI.2015.068506","volume":"7","author":"MEB Menai","year":"2015","unstructured":"Menai MEB (2015) Random forests for automatic differential diagnosis of erythemato-squamous diseases. Int J Med Eng Inform 7:124\u2013141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1504\/IJMEI.2015.068506","journal-title":"Int J Med Eng Inform"},{"key":"1239_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s12525-011-0050-6","volume":"21","author":"P Menschner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Menschner P, Prinz A, Koene P et al (2011) Reaching into patients\u2019 homes\u2014participatory designed AAL services: the case of a patient-centered nutrition tracking service. Electron Mark 21:63\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12525-011-0050-6","journal-title":"Electron Mark"},{"key":"1239_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1057\/9780230244276_2","volume-title":"Interviewing experts","author":"M Meuser","year":"2009","unstructured":"Meuser M, Nagel U (2009) The expert interview and changes in knowledge production. In: AB et al. (eds) Interviewing experts. Palgrave Macmillan, London, pp 17\u201342"},{"key":"1239_CR72","volume-title":"The hippocratic oath and the ethics of medicine","author":"SH Miles","year":"2005","unstructured":"Miles SH (2005) The hippocratic oath and the ethics of medicine. Oxford University Press, New York"},{"key":"1239_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12599-020-00672-x","author":"M Mirbabaie","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mirbabaie M, Stieglitz S, Br\u00fcnker F et al (2020) Understanding collaboration with virtual assistants\u2014the role of social identity and the extended self. Bus Inf Syst Eng. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12599-020-00672-x","journal-title":"Bus Inf Syst Eng"},{"key":"1239_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12525-021-00457-4","author":"M Mirbabaie","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mirbabaie M, Stieglitz S, Frick NRJ (2021a) Hybrid intelligence in hospitals: towards a research agenda for collaboration. Electron Mark. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12525-021-00457-4","journal-title":"Electron Mark"},{"key":"1239_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12553-021-00555-5","author":"M Mirbabaie","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mirbabaie M, Stieglitz S, Frick NRJ (2021b) Artificial intelligence in disease diagnostics\u202f: a critical review and classification on the current state of research guiding future direction. Health Technol (berl). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12553-021-00555-5","journal-title":"Health Technol (berl)"},{"key":"1239_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1145\/3191513","volume":"61","author":"T Mitchell","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mitchell T, Cohen W, Hruschka E et al (2018) Never-ending learning. Commun ACM 61:103\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3191513","journal-title":"Commun ACM"},{"key":"1239_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5958\/2320-608x.2019.00033.7","volume":"7","author":"S Nalini","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nalini S (2019) Determination of muscles of head acting in whistling. Int J Physiol 7:1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5958\/2320-608x.2019.00033.7","journal-title":"Int J Physiol"},{"key":"1239_CR78","unstructured":"Nasirian F, Ahmadian M, Lee O-K (Daniel) (2017) AI-based voice assistant systems: evaluating from the interaction and trust perspectives. In: Proceedings of the Twenty-third American Conference on Information Systems. AISel, Boston, US"},{"key":"1239_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1109\/MIS.2013.51","volume":"28","author":"DB Neill","year":"2013","unstructured":"Neill DB (2013) Using artificial intelligence to improve hospital inpatient care. IEEE Intell Syst 28:92\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MIS.2013.51","journal-title":"IEEE Intell Syst"},{"key":"1239_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6939-13-10","author":"K Page","year":"2012","unstructured":"Page K (2012) The four principles: can they be measured and do they predict ethical decision making? BMC Med Ethics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1472-6939-13-10","journal-title":"BMC Med Ethics"},{"key":"1239_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Parikh RB, Obermeyer Z, Navathe AS (2019) Regulation of predictive analytics in medicine.\u00a0Algorithms must meet regulatory standards of clinical benefit.\u00a0Science 363:6429. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aaw0029","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaw0029"},{"key":"1239_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2013.12207","volume":"53","author":"C Pereira","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pereira C, McNamara A, Sorge L, Arya V (2013) Personalizing public health: your health avatar. J Am Pharm Assoc 53:145\u2013151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1331\/JAPhA.2013.12207","journal-title":"J Am Pharm Assoc"},{"key":"1239_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s11019-019-09912-8","volume":"23","author":"T Ploug","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ploug T, Holm S (2020) The right to refuse diagnostics and treatment planning by artificial intelligence. Med Health Care Philos 23:107\u2013114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11019-019-09912-8","journal-title":"Med Health Care Philos"},{"key":"1239_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1007\/s10796-019-09969-z","volume":"22","author":"J Porra","year":"2020","unstructured":"Porra J, Lacity M, Parks MS (2020) \u201cCan computer based human-likeness endanger humanness?\u201d\u2014a philosophical and ethical perspective on digital assistants expressing feelings they can\u2019t have. Inf Syst Front 22:533\u2013547. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10796-019-09969-z","journal-title":"Inf Syst Front"},{"key":"1239_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1109\/THMS.2017.2700625","volume":"47","author":"A Preece","year":"2017","unstructured":"Preece A, Webberley W, Braines D et al (2017) Sherlock: experimental evaluation of a conversational agent for mobile information tasks. IEEE Trans Hum Mach Syst 47:1017\u20131028. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/THMS.2017.2700625","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Hum Mach Syst"},{"key":"1239_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1136\/jme.24.2.110","volume":"24","author":"J Price","year":"1998","unstructured":"Price J, Price D, Williams G, Hoffenberg R (1998) Changes in medical student attitudes as they progress through a medical course. J Med Ethics 24:110\u2013117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jme.24.2.110","journal-title":"J Med Ethics"},{"key":"1239_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1108\/11766091111162070","volume":"8","author":"S Qu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Qu S, Dumay J (2011) The qualitative research interview. Qual Res Account Manag 8:238\u2013264. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/11766091111162070","journal-title":"Qual Res Account Manag"},{"key":"1239_CR88","first-page":"iii","volume":"43","author":"A Rai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rai A, Constantinides P, Sarker S (2019) Next-generation digital platforms: toward human-AI hybrids. MIS Q 43:iii\u2013ix","journal-title":"MIS Q"},{"key":"1239_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-020-00842-4","author":"S Rauschert","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rauschert S, Raubenheimer K, Melton PE, Huang RC (2020) Machine learning and clinical epigenetics: a review of challenges for diagnosis and classification. Clin Epigenet. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13148-020-00842-4","journal-title":"Clin Epigenet"},{"key":"1239_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1177\/0141076818815510","volume":"112","author":"S Reddy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Reddy S, Fox J, Purohit MP (2019) Artificial intelligence-enabled healthcare delivery. J R Soc Med 112:22\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0141076818815510","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"key":"1239_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1097\/00001888-199009000-00030","volume":"65","author":"AG Rezler","year":"1990","unstructured":"Rezler AG, Lambert P, Obenshain SS et al (1990) Professional decisions and ethical values in medical and law students. Acad Med 65:31\u201332","journal-title":"Acad Med"},{"key":"1239_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2923.1992.tb00115.x","volume":"26","author":"AG Rezler","year":"1992","unstructured":"Rezler AG, Schwartz RL, Obenshain SS et al (1992) Assessment of ethical decisions and values. Med Educ 26:7\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2923.1992.tb00115.x","journal-title":"Med Educ"},{"key":"1239_CR93","unstructured":"Riddick FA (2003) The code of medical ethics of the American Medical Association. https:\/\/www.ama-assn.org\/delivering-care\/ethics\/code-medical-ethics-overview. Accessed 21 Jun"},{"key":"1239_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eng.2019.08.015","volume":"6","author":"G Rong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rong G, Mendez A, Bou Assi E et al (2020) Artificial intelligence in healthcare: review and prediction case studies. Engineering 6:291\u2013301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eng.2019.08.015","journal-title":"Engineering"},{"key":"1239_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1037\/amp0000298","volume":"73","author":"MA Rosen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rosen MA, DiazGranados D, Dietz AS et al (2018) Teamwork in healthcare: key discoveries enabling safer, high-quality care. Am Psychol 73:433\u2013450. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/amp0000298","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"key":"1239_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-019-0048-x","volume":"1","author":"C Rudin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rudin C (2019) Stop explaining black box machine learning models for high stakes decisions and use interpretable models instead. Nat Mach Intell 1:206\u2013215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42256-019-0048-x","journal-title":"Nat Mach Intell"},{"key":"1239_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2017.05.002","volume":"27","author":"J Salerno","year":"2017","unstructured":"Salerno J, Knoppers BM, Lee LM et al (2017) Ethics, big data and computing in epidemiology and public health. Ann Epidemiol 27:297\u2013301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annepidem.2017.05.002","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"1239_CR98","first-page":"473","volume":"18","author":"D Schiff","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schiff D, Borenstein J (2016) AMA Journal of Ethics\u00ae. Clin Ethics 18:473\u2013563","journal-title":"Clin Ethics"},{"key":"1239_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1027\/1015-5759.22.1.28","volume":"22","author":"J Schilling","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schilling J (2006) On the pragmatics of qualitative assessment. Eur J Psychol Assess 22:28\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1027\/1015-5759.22.1.28","journal-title":"Eur J Psychol Assess"},{"key":"1239_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2019.103174","volume":"57","author":"I Seeber","year":"2020","unstructured":"Seeber I, Bittner E, Briggs RO et al (2020) Machines as teammates: a research agenda on AI in team collaboration. Inf Manag 57:103174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.im.2019.103174","journal-title":"Inf Manag"},{"key":"1239_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1007\/s10796-018-9869-0","volume":"22","author":"A Serrano","year":"2020","unstructured":"Serrano A, Garcia-Guzman J, Xydopoulos G, Tarhini A (2020) Analysis of barriers to the deployment of health information systems: a stakeholder perspective. Inf Syst Front 22:455\u2013474. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10796-018-9869-0","journal-title":"Inf Syst Front"},{"key":"1239_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1049\/htl.2017.0009","volume":"4","author":"N Shaked","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shaked N (2017) Avatars and virtual agents\u2014relationship interfaces for the elderly. Healthc Technol Lett 4:83\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1049\/htl.2017.0009","journal-title":"Healthc Technol Lett"},{"key":"1239_CR103","first-page":"47","volume":"31","author":"K Siau","year":"2018","unstructured":"Siau K, Wang W (2018) Building trust in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and robotics. Cut Bus Technol J 31:47\u201353","journal-title":"Cut Bus Technol J"},{"key":"1239_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.4018\/jdm.2020040105","volume":"31","author":"K Siau","year":"2020","unstructured":"Siau K, Wang W (2020) Artificial intelligence (AI) ethics. J Database Manag 31:74\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/jdm.2020040105","journal-title":"J Database Manag"},{"key":"1239_CR105","unstructured":"Sonja M, Ioana G, Miaoqing Y, Anna K (2018) Understanding value in health data ecosystems: a review of current evidence and ways forward. Rand Health Q\u00a07(2):3,\u00a0PMID: 29416943; PMCID: PMC5798965"},{"key":"1239_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2211","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.18152","volume":"318","author":"DSW Ting","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ting DSW, Cheung CYL, Lim G et al (2017) Development and validation of a deep learning system for diabetic retinopathy and related eye diseases using retinal images from multiethnic populations with diabetes. J Am Med Assoc 318:2211\u20132223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2017.18152","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"1239_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002689","volume":"15","author":"E Vayena","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vayena E, Blasimme A, Cohen IG (2018) Machine learning in medicine: addressing ethical challenges. PLoS Med 15:4\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002689","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"1239_CR108","unstructured":"vom Brocke J, Simons A, Niehaves et al (2009) Reconstructing the giant: on the importance of rigour in documenting the literature search process. In: Proceedings of the 17th European Conference on Information Systems, AISel, Verona, Italy"},{"key":"1239_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17705\/1CAIS.03709","author":"J vom Brocke","year":"2015","unstructured":"vom Brocke J, Simons A, Riemer K et al (2015) Standing on the shoulders of giants: challenges and recommendations of literature search in information systems research. Commun Assoc Inf Syst. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17705\/1CAIS.03709","journal-title":"Commun Assoc Inf Syst"},{"key":"1239_CR110","unstructured":"Walker S (2020) Poland delays abortion ban as nationwide protests continue. https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/nov\/03\/poland-stalls-abortion-ban-amid-nationwide-protests. Accessed 21 Jun"},{"key":"1239_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang Y (2020) Toward an understanding of responsible artificial intelligence practices. In: Proceedings of the 53rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, HICSS\u00a0CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Hawaii, pp 4962\u20134971","DOI":"10.24251\/HICSS.2020.610"},{"key":"1239_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.10.1261","volume":"293","author":"RL Wears","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wears RL, Berg M (2005) Computer technology and clinical work. J Am Med Assoc 293:1261\u20131263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.293.10.1261","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"1239_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2018-008551","volume":"28","author":"KH Yu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yu KH, Kohane IS (2019) Framing the challenges of artificial intelligence in medicine. BMJ Qual Saf 28:238\u2013241. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjqs-2018-008551","journal-title":"BMJ Qual Saf"},{"key":"1239_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-018-0305-z","volume":"2","author":"KH Yu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yu KH, Beam AL, Kohane IS (2018) Artificial intelligence in healthcare. Nat Biomed Eng 2:719\u2013731. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41551-018-0305-z","journal-title":"Nat Biomed Eng"},{"key":"1239_CR115","unstructured":"Zeng Y, Lu E, Huangfu C (2019) Linking Artificial Intelligence Principles. In: AAAI Workshop on Artificial Intelligence Safety. arXiv, Honolulu, Hawaii. https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1812.04814. Accessed 21 Jun"}],"container-title":["AI &amp; SOCIETY"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00146-021-01239-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00146-021-01239-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00146-021-01239-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]],"date-time":"2022-11-10T14:11:52Z","timestamp":1668089512000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00146-021-01239-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]]},"references-count":114,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1239"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00146-021-01239-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0951-5666","1435-5655"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0951-5666","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-5655","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 February 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 May 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 June 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}