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Inspired by (Bernstein and Crowley, J Learn Sci 17:225\u2013247, 2008) original study (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200960, age 4\u20137\u00a0years) on how children\u2019s ontological conceptualizations of life and technology were systematically associated with their real-world exposure to robotic entities, the current study explored this association for children in their middle childhood (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009143, age 7\u201311\u00a0years) and with different levels of DVA-exposure. We analyzed correlational survey data from 143 parent\u2013child dyads who were recruited on \u2018Amazon Mechanical Turk\u2019 (MTurk). Children\u2019s ontological conceptualization patterns of life and technology were measured by asking them to conceptualize nine prototypical organically living and technological entities (e.g., humans, cats, smartphones, DVAs) with respect to their biology, intelligence, and psychology. Their ontological conceptualization patterns were then associated with their DVA-exposure and additional control variables (e.g., children\u2019s technological affinity, demographic\/individual characteristics). Compared to biology and psychology, intelligence was a less differentiating factor for children to differentiate between organically living and technological entities. This differentiation pattern became more pronounced with technological affinity. There was some evidence that children with higher DVA-exposure differentiated more rigorously between organically living and technological entities on the basis of psychology. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study exploring children\u2019s real-world exposure to DVAs and how it is associated with their conceptual understandings of life and technology. Findings suggest although psychological conceptualizations of technology may become more pronounced with DVA-exposure, it is far from clear such tendencies blur ontological boundaries between life and technology from children\u2019s perspective.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-022-01555-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]],"date-time":"2022-10-19T16:02:45Z","timestamp":1666195365000},"page":"1275-1302","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Exploring children\u2019s exposure to voice assistants and their ontological conceptualizations of life and technology"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3983-6898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janik","family":"Festerling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Iram","family":"Siraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lars-Erik","family":"Malmberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"1555_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3311956","author":"T Ammari","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ammari T, Kaye J, Tsai JY, Bentley F (2019) Music, search, and IoT: how people (really) use voice assistants. 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