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Despite social robotics\u2019 long-standing interest in the effects of robots\u2019 appearance and conduct on users, and efforts to identify factors likely to improve human\u2013robot interaction, little attention has been paid to how participants evaluate their robotic partner in the unfolding of actual interactions. This paper draws from qualitative analyses of video-recorded interactions between a robot and groups of participants, in the framework of ethnomethodology and conversation analysis. We analyse the particular ways in which participants shape their embodied actions, how they can reproduce a prior action that failed to obtain a response from the robot; and how they explore the robot\u2019s embodied nature. We find a set of recurrent methods or practices, showing that robot-recipient design displays not only participants\u2019 initial assumptions about the robot\u2019s competences, but also more importantly perhaps their continuous assessment of the robot\u2019s behaviour, and their attempts to adapt to it. Participants locally produce and constantly revise their understanding of the robot as a more or less competent co-participant, drawing from its past, current, and projected conduct and responsiveness. We discuss the implications of these findings for research in robotics and human\u2013robot interactions, and the value of the approach to shed new light on old questions by paying attention to the quality of gesture and the sequential organisation of interaction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-022-01608-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T11:02:58Z","timestamp":1672916578000},"page":"1795-1810","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Recipient design in human\u2013robot interaction: the emergent assessment of a robot\u2019s competence"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2307-956X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylvaine","family":"Tuncer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Licoppe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Luff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Heath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"1608_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1080\/08351813.2016.1234614","volume":"49","author":"I Arminen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Arminen I, Licoppe C, Spagnolli A (2016) Respecifying mediated interaction. 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