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At the same time, as we increasingly engage through digital media with each other and with virtual others, attributes of music that underpin our capacity to interact communicatively are disregarded or overlooked within those media. Even before the advent of technologies of music reproduction, music was susceptible to assimilation into economic acts of exchange. What is new in the digital world is the way in which modes of engagement with music are themselves being absorbed into an economy built on the datafication of virtual acts and the digital shadows of casual preferences. But music is more than just sounds that are culturally sanctioned as musical. Music is manifested<jats:italic>as<\/jats:italic>behaviours, and<jats:italic>in<\/jats:italic>interactive behaviour. Music is participatory as well as presentational, and in the participatory mode\u2014involving collective, non-specialist, interactive real-time music-making\u2014has significant individual and social consequences. Yet music as real-time participation is largely absent from the virtual world, with potential social costs that remain to be understood. Moreover, our everyday, face-to-face communicative\u2014conversational\u2014interactions are imbued with patterns between interlocutors that are musical, in that they share features with what we are happy to describe as \u201cmusic\u201d. These features are presently lacking in digital systems designed to subserve communicative functions, and this paper will consider the significant implications for our interactions with machines to which their successful incorporation into voice\u2013user interfaces would give rise.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-023-01670-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T05:02:22Z","timestamp":1682658142000},"page":"2387-2400","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Music in the digital age: commodity, community, communion"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Ian","family":"Cross","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"1670_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infoecopol.2016.01.003","volume":"34","author":"L Aguiar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Aguiar L, Martens B (2016) Digital music consumption on the Internet: evidence from clickstream data. 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