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Much research has already been conducted on ethical and social challenges associated with these technologies. Likewise, there are already some studies that investigate empirically which values and attitudes play a role in connection with their design and implementation. What is still in its infancy, however, is the comparative investigation of the perspectives of different stakeholders.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To explore this issue in a multi-faceted manner, we conducted semi-structured interviews as well as focus group discussions with patients and clinicians. These empirical methods were used to gather interviewee\u2019s views on the opportunities and challenges of medical AI and other data-intensive applications.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Different clinician and patient groups are exposed to medical AI to differing degrees. Interviewees expect and demand that the purposes of data processing accord with patient preferences, and that data are put to effective use to generate social value. One central result is the shared tendency of clinicians and patients to maintain individualistic ascriptions of responsibility for clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Medical AI and the proliferation of data with import for health-related inferences shape and partially reconfigure stakeholder expectations of how these technologies relate to the decision-making of human agents. Intuitions about individual responsibility for clinical outcomes could eventually be disrupted by the increasing sophistication of data-intensive and AI-driven clinical tools. Besides individual responsibility, systemic governance will be key to promote alignment with stakeholder expectations in AI-driven and data-intensive health settings.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-023-01825-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,7]],"date-time":"2024-01-07T08:02:09Z","timestamp":1704614529000},"page":"2973-2987","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Perspectives of patients and clinicians on big data and AI in health: a comparative empirical investigation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9668-0810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrik","family":"Hummel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Braun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Serena","family":"Bischoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"David","family":"Samhammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Seitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Peter A.","family":"Fasching","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Dabrock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"1825_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/19857","volume":"8","author":"S Altmann","year":"2020","unstructured":"Altmann S, Milsom L, Zillessen H, Blasone R, Gerdon F, Bach R et al (2020) Acceptability of app-based contact tracing for COVID-19: cross-country survey study. 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Peter A. Fasching reports personal fees from Novartis, grants from Biontech, grants and personal fees from Pfizer, personal fees from Daiichi-Sankyo, personal fees from Astra Zeneca, personal fees from Eisai, personal fees from Merck Sharp & Dohme, grants from Cepheid, personal fees from Lilly, personal fees from Pierre Fabre, personal fees from SeaGen, personal fees from Roche, personal fees from Agendia, personal fees from Sanofi Aventis, and personal fees from Gilead. Patrik Hummel, Serena Bischoff, David Samhammer, Katharina Seitz and Peter Dabrock declare no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study received ethics approval from the Ethics Commission of the Medical Faculty of Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg (project number 453_18 B).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}