{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T13:36:26Z","timestamp":1776692186509,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]],"date-time":"2024-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714608000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]],"date-time":"2024-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714608000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100021638","name":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["215369"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["215369"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100021638","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AI &amp; Soc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-024-01945-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]],"date-time":"2024-05-02T06:01:41Z","timestamp":1714629701000},"page":"1785-1801","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["GPT-4-Trinis: assessing GPT-4\u2019s communicative competence in the English-speaking majority world"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2468-6249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha","family":"Jackson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1275-2974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barend","family":"Beekhuizen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8438-8297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9451-2909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rhonda","family":"McEwen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"1945_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bender EM, Gebru T, McMillan-Major A, Shmitchell S (2021) On the dangers of stochastic parrots: can language models be too big? In: Proceedings of the 2021 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (FAccT \u201821). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3442188.3445922","DOI":"10.1145\/3442188.3445922"},{"key":"1945_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Blodgett SL, Barocas S, Daum\u00e9 III H, Wallach H (2020) Language (technology) is power: a critical survey of \u201cbias\u201d in NLP. arXiv.org. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2005.14050","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2005.14050"},{"key":"1945_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-023-01696-z","author":"M Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen M (2023) Trust, understanding, and machine translation: the task of translation and the responsibility of the translator. AI & Soc. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00146-023-01696-z","journal-title":"AI & Soc"},{"key":"1945_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-023-01710-4","author":"M Coeckelbergh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Coeckelbergh M, Gunkel DJ (2023) ChatGPT: deconstructing the debate and moving it forward. AI & Soc. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00146-023-01710-4","journal-title":"AI & Soc"},{"key":"1945_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/tacl_a_00550","author":"AM Davani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Davani AM, Atari M, Kennedy B, Dehghani M (2023) Hate speech classifiers learn normative social stereotypes. Trans Assoc Comput Linguist. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/tacl_a_00550","journal-title":"Trans Assoc Comput Linguist"},{"key":"1945_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Deas N, Grieser J, Kleiner S, Patton D, Turcan E, McKeown K (2023) Evaluation of African American Language bias in natural language generation. arXiv.org. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2305.14291","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2305.14291"},{"key":"1945_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3917\/rfla.101.24","author":"M DeGraff","year":"2005","unstructured":"DeGraff M (2005) Do Creole languages constitute an exceptional typological class? Rev Fran\u00e7aise De Linguistique Appl. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3917\/rfla.101.24","journal-title":"Rev Fran\u00e7aise De Linguistique Appl"},{"key":"1945_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1075\/veaw.g40.08deu","volume-title":"World Englishes\u2014Problems, properties and prospects","author":"D Deuber","year":"2009","unstructured":"Deuber D (2009) Standard English in the secondary school in Trinidad: problems\u2014properties\u2014prospects. In: Hoffman T, Siebers L (eds) World Englishes\u2014Problems, properties and prospects. John Benjamins Publishing Company, Philadelphia, pp 83\u2013104"},{"key":"1945_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07908318.2013.794816","author":"D Deuber","year":"2013","unstructured":"Deuber D (2013) Towards endonormative standards of English in the Caribbean: a study of students\u2019 beliefs and school curricula. Lang Var Change. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07908318.2013.794816","journal-title":"Lang Var Change"},{"key":"1945_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139226400","volume-title":"English in the Caribbean: variation, style and standards in Jamaica and Trinidad","author":"D Deuber","year":"2014","unstructured":"Deuber D (2014) English in the Caribbean: variation, style and standards in Jamaica and Trinidad. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge"},{"key":"1945_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fan L, Li L, Ma Z, Lee S, Yu H, Hemphill L (2023) A bibliometric review of large language models research from 2017 to 2023. arXiv.org. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2304.02020","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2304.02020"},{"key":"1945_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"F\u00e4rber M, Coutinho M, Yuan S (2023) Biases in scholarly recommender systems: impact, prevalence, and mitigation. Scientometrics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11192-023-04636-2","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-023-04636-2"},{"issue":"1145\/230538","key":"1945_CR12","volume":"10","author":"B Friedman","year":"1996","unstructured":"Friedman B, Nissenbaum H (1996) Bias in computer systems. ACM Trans Inf Syst Doi 10(1145\/230538):230561","journal-title":"ACM Trans Inf Syst Doi"},{"key":"1945_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.172034711","author":"N Garg","year":"2018","unstructured":"Garg N, Schiebinger L, Jurafsky D, Zou J (2018) Word embeddings quantify 100 years of gender and ethnic stereotypes. Proc Natl Acad Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.172034711","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"1945_CR14","unstructured":"Hao K (2022) A new vision of artificial intelligence for the people. MIT Technology Review. https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/2022\/04\/22\/1050394\/artificial-intelligence-for-the-people\/. Accessed 5 Sept 2023"},{"key":"1945_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jackson S (2023) Acquisition during normative code-mixing: Trinidadian children\u2019s varilingual pronoun usage. First Lang. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/01427237221147614","DOI":"10.1177\/01427237221147614"},{"key":"1945_CR15","first-page":"454","volume-title":"A handbook of varieties of English 1: morphology and syntax","author":"W James","year":"2004","unstructured":"James W, Youssef V (2004) The creoles of Trinidad and Tobago: morphology and syntax. In: Kortmann B, Schneider EW, Burridge K, Mesthrie R, Upton C (eds) A handbook of varieties of English 1: morphology and syntax. Mouton de Gruyter, New York, pp 454\u2013481"},{"key":"1945_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Janowicz K (2023) Philosophical foundations of GeoAI: exploring sustainability, diversity, and bias in GeoAI and spatial data science. arXiv.org. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2304.06508","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2304.06508"},{"key":"1945_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1215\/00031283-7271294","author":"S Johnstone","year":"2018","unstructured":"Johnstone S (2018) Southern speech with a northern accent: performance norms in an imitation. Am Speech. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1215\/00031283-7271294","journal-title":"Am Speech"},{"key":"1945_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jones S, McEwen R (2023) Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) and Human Machine Communication (HMC). In: Guzman A, McEwen R, Jones S (eds) SAGE handbook of Human-Machine Communication. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4135\/9781529782783","DOI":"10.4135\/9781529782783"},{"key":"1945_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Krenn B, Schreitter S, Neubarth F (2017) Speak to me and I tell you who you are! A language-attitude study in a cultural-heritage application. AI & Soc. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00146-014-0569-0","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-014-0569-0"},{"key":"1945_CR19","first-page":"173","volume-title":"Exploring the boundaries of Caribbean Creole languages","author":"B Lalla","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lalla B (2006) Creole representation in literary discourse: issues of linguistic and discourse analysis. In: Simmons-McDonald H, Robertson I, Christie P (eds) Exploring the boundaries of Caribbean Creole languages. UWI Press, St. Augustine, pp 173\u2013187"},{"key":"1945_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lawrence HM (2021) Siri disciplines. In: Mullaney TS, Peters B, Hicks M, Philip K (eds) Your computer is on fire. The MIT Press, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7551\/mitpress\/10993.001.0001, pp 179\u2013197","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/10993.001.0001"},{"key":"1945_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lee A, Miranda B, Koyejo, S (2023) Beyond scale: the diversity coefficient as a data quality metric demonstrates LLMs are pre-trained on formally diverse data. arXiv.org. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2306.13840","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2306.13840"},{"key":"1945_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lent H, Bugliarello E, de Lhoneux M, Qiu C, S\u00f8gaard A (2021) On language models for creoles. arXiv.org. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2109.06074","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2109.06074"},{"key":"1945_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203348802","volume-title":"English with an accent: language, ideology, and discrimination in the United States","author":"R Lippi-Green","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lippi-Green R (2012) English with an accent: language, ideology, and discrimination in the United States, 2nd edn. Routledge, New York","edition":"2"},{"key":"1945_CR24","unstructured":"Miller K (2022) The movement to decolonize AI: centering dignity over dependency. Stanford University Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence. https:\/\/hai.stanford.edu\/news\/movement-decolonize-ai-centering-dignity-over-dependency. Accessed 5 Sept 2023"},{"key":"1945_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511612862","volume-title":"The ecology of language evolution","author":"SS Mufwene","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mufwene SS (2001a) The ecology of language evolution. Cambridge University Press, New York"},{"key":"1945_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11440","DOI":"10.1016\/B0-08-043076-7\/02939-9","volume-title":"International encyclopedia of the social & behavioral sciences","author":"S Mufwene","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mufwene S (2001b) Pidgin and creole languages. In: Smelser NJ, Baltes PB (eds) International encyclopedia of the social & behavioral sciences, vol 11. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 11440\u201311445"},{"key":"1945_CR27","unstructured":"M\u00fchleisen S (2001) Is \u2018bad English\u2019 dying out? A comparative diachronic study on attitudes towards Creole versus Standard English in Trinidad. Philol Netz. https:\/\/web.fu-berlin.de\/phin\/phin15\/p15t3.htm"},{"key":"1945_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murawaki Y (2016) Statistical modeling of creole genesis. In: Proceedings of the 2016 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies. https:\/\/aclanthology.org\/N16-1158.pdf. Accessed 2 Sept 2023","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/N16-1158"},{"key":"1945_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ntoutsi E, Fafalios P, Gadiraju U, Iosifidis V, Nejdl W, Vidal ME, Ruggieri S, Turini F, Papadopoulos S, Krasanakis E, Kompatsiaris I (2020) Bias in data\u2010driven artificial intelligence systems\u2014An introductory survey. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Data Min Knowl Discov. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/widm.1356","DOI":"10.1002\/widm.1356"},{"key":"1945_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"OECD (2012) Connecting with emigrants: a global profile of diasporas. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1787\/9789264177949-en. Accessed 2 Sept 2023","DOI":"10.1787\/9789264177949-en"},{"key":"1945_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Parde N (2023) Natural Language Processing. In: Guzman A, McEwen R, Jones S (eds) SAGE handbook of Human-Machine Communication. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4135\/9781529782783","DOI":"10.4135\/9781529782783"},{"key":"1945_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Santy S, Liang JT, Bras RL, Reinecke K, Sap M (2023) NLPositionality: characterizing design biases of datasets and models. In Proceedings of the 61st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Volume 1: Long Papers. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18653\/v1\/2023.acl-long.505","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.acl-long.505"},{"key":"1945_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01434632.2010.497217","author":"J Siegel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Siegel J (2010) Bilingual literacy in creole contexts. J Multiling Multicult Dev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01434632.2010.497217","journal-title":"J Multiling Multicult Dev"},{"key":"1945_CR34","volume-title":"The speech of Trinidad","author":"D Solomon","year":"1993","unstructured":"Solomon D (1993) The speech of Trinidad. The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, School of Continuing Studies"},{"key":"1945_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43681-022-00136-w","author":"C Stinson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stinson C (2022) Algorithms are not neutral. AI Ethics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43681-022-00136-w","journal-title":"AI Ethics"},{"key":"1945_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40862-020-00089-9","author":"Z Tajeddin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tajeddin Z, Pakzadian M (2020) Representation of inner, outer and expanding circle varieties and cultures in global ELT textbooks. Asian-Pac J Second Foreign Lang Educ. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40862-020-00089-9","journal-title":"Asian-Pac J Second Foreign Lang Educ"},{"key":"1945_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tatman R (2017) Gender and dialect bias in YouTube\u2019s automatic captions. In: Proceedings of the First ACL Workshop on Ethics in Natural Language Processing. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18653\/v1\/W17-1606","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W17-1606"},{"key":"1945_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Thakur V (2023) Unveiling gender bias in terms of profession across LLMs: analyzing and addressing sociological implications. arXiv.org. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2307.09162","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2307.09162"},{"key":"1945_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tommasi T, Patricia N, Caputo B, Tuytelaars T (2017) A deeper look at dataset bias. arXiv.org. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.1505.01257","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.1505.01257"},{"key":"1945_CR40","unstructured":"UNESCO (1953) The use of vernacular languages in education. https:\/\/www.inarels.com\/resources\/unesco1953.pdf. Accessed 5 Sept 2023"},{"key":"1945_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Watson J, Beekhuizen B, Stevenson S (2023) What social attitudes about gender does BERT encode? Leveraging insights from psycholinguistics. In: Proceedings of the 61st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18653\/v1\/2023.acl-long.375","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.acl-long.375"},{"key":"1945_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/lplp.14.3.04win","author":"LS Winer","year":"1990","unstructured":"Winer LS (1990) Orthographic standardization for Trinidad and Tobago: linguistic and sociopolitical considerations in an English Creole community. Lang Probl Lang Plan. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1075\/lplp.14.3.04win","journal-title":"Lang Probl Lang Plan"},{"key":"1945_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/veaw.t6","volume-title":"Trinidad and Tobago","author":"L Winer","year":"1993","unstructured":"Winer L (1993) Trinidad and Tobago. John Benjamins Publishing Company, Amsterdam"},{"key":"1945_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9780773576070","volume-title":"Dictionary of the English\/Creole of Trinidad & Tobago","author":"L Winer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Winer L (2009) Dictionary of the English\/Creole of Trinidad & Tobago. McGill-Queen\u2019s University Press, Montreal"},{"key":"1945_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0266078404004080","author":"V Youssef","year":"2004","unstructured":"Youssef V (2004) \u2018Is English we speaking\u2019: Trinbagonian in the twenty-first century. English Today. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0266078404004080","journal-title":"English Today"},{"key":"1945_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/jpcl.11.1.02you","author":"V Youssef","year":"2010","unstructured":"Youssef V (2010) Varilingualism: a term for 21st century language acquisition contexts. Educ Soci\u00e9t\u00e9s Plurilingues. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1075\/jpcl.11.1.02you","journal-title":"Educ Soci\u00e9t\u00e9s Plurilingues"},{"key":"1945_CR47","first-page":"508","volume-title":"A handbook of varieties of English 1: morphology and syntax","author":"V Youssef","year":"2004","unstructured":"Youssef V, James W (2004) The creoles of Trinidad and Tobago: phonology. In: Kortmann B, Schneider EW, Burridge K, Mesthrie R, Upton C (eds) A handbook of varieties of English 1: morphology and syntax. Mouton de Gruyter, New York, pp 508\u2013524"},{"key":"1945_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yu Y, Zhuang Y, Zhang J et al (2023). Large Language Model as attributed training data generator: a tale of diversity and bias. arXiv.org. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2306.15895","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2306.15895"},{"key":"1945_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhao Z, McEwen, R (2022) \u201cLet's read a book together\u201d: a long-term study on the usage of pre-school children with their home companion robot. 2022 17th ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/HRI53351.2022.9889672","DOI":"10.1109\/HRI53351.2022.9889672"},{"key":"1945_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhou J, Hu M, Li J, Zhang X, Wu X, King I, Meng H (2023) Rethinking machine ethics\u2014Can LLMs perform moral reasoning through the lens of moral theories? arXiv.org. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2308.15399","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2308.15399"}],"container-title":["AI &amp; SOCIETY"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00146-024-01945-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00146-024-01945-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00146-024-01945-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T13:06:23Z","timestamp":1744290383000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00146-024-01945-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["1945"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00146-024-01945-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0951-5666","1435-5655"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0951-5666","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-5655","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 September 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 April 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 May 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of the article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}