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Even after thirteen years, the aftermath of these earthquakes continues to deeply affect these individuals, as they grapple with enduring emotional challenges. Social media, particularly X (formerly Twitter), has emerged as a prominent platform for individuals to express their emotions, and during earthquake occurrences, people turn to Twitter to share their feelings in real-time. This study focuses on examining the emotional patterns exhibited in \u201cearthquake tweets\u201d posted by individuals affected by the Christchurch earthquakes between 2010 and 2019. We utilise machine learning techniques to classify these tweets into six classes of emotions of anger, fear, grateful, humour, sympathy and worry. The analysis shows a progressive increase in the percentage of tweets expressing fear and worry over the years. This finding indicates that the community continues to experience a heightened sense of fear and worry whenever earthquakes occur.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-024-02044-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]],"date-time":"2024-08-23T10:30:05Z","timestamp":1724409005000},"page":"2909-2926","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Identifying emotions in earthquake tweets"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4991-3340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"Anthony","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Hoi Ki Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zita","family":"Joyce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"2044_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1080\/1206212x.2018.1482395","volume":"42","author":"M Abdullah","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abdullah M, Almasawa M, Makki I, Alsolmi M, Mahrous S (2020) Emotions extraction from arabic tweets. 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