{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T04:50:35Z","timestamp":1782276635296,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,27]],"date-time":"2024-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729987200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,27]],"date-time":"2024-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["314114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["314114"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AI &amp; Soc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>We are on the verge of a revolution in public sector decision-making processes, where computers will take over many of the governance tasks previously assigned to human bureaucrats. Governance decisions based on algorithmic information processing are increasing in numbers and scope, contributing to decisions that impact the lives of individual citizens. While significant attention in the recent few years has been devoted to normative discussions on fairness, accountability, and transparency related to algorithmic decision-making based on artificial intelligence, less is known about citizens\u2019 considered views on this issue. To put society in-the-loop, a Deliberative Poll was thus carried out on the topic of using artificial intelligence in the public sector, as a form of in-depth public consultation. The three use cases that were selected for deliberation were refugee reallocation, a welfare-to-work program, and parole. A key finding was that after having acquired more knowledge about the concrete use cases, participants were overall more supportive of using artificial intelligence in the decision processes. The event was set up with a pretest\/post-test control group experimental design, and as such, the results offer experimental evidence to extant observational studies showing positive associations between knowledge and support for using artificial intelligence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-024-02104-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]],"date-time":"2024-10-28T08:41:13Z","timestamp":1730104873000},"page":"3573-3589","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Knowledge and support for AI in the public sector: a deliberative poll experiment"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2825-0664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sveinung","family":"Arnesen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Troy Saghaug","family":"Broderstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James S.","family":"Fishkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikael Poul","family":"Johannesson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Siu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2104_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1162\/DAED_a_00451","volume":"146","author":"S Alice","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alice S (2017) Deliberation & the challenge of inequality. Daedalus 146(3):119\u2013128","journal-title":"Daedalus"},{"issue":"4","key":"2104_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6765.2007.00699.x","volume":"46","author":"VN Andersen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Andersen VN, Hansen KM (2007) How deliberation makes better citizens: the danish deliberative poll on the euro. Eur J Polit Res 46(4):531\u2013556","journal-title":"Eur J Polit Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2104_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-019-00931-w","volume":"35","author":"T Araujo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Araujo T, Helberger N, Kruikemeier S, De Vreese CH (2020) In AI we trust? Perceptions about automated decision-making by artificial intelligence. AI & Soc 35(3):611\u2013623","journal-title":"AI & Soc"},{"key":"2104_CR4","unstructured":"Arnesen, Sveinung, and Mikael Poul Johannesson (2022) Demokratiske algoritmer. NORCE Report 18\u20132022. https:\/\/norceresearch.brage.unit.no\/norceresearch-xmlui\/bitstream\/handle\/11250\/2995353\/norce+helse+og+samfunn%2C+rapport+18-2022.pdf?sequence=1. Accessed 23 Oct 2024."},{"key":"2104_CR5","volume-title":"The Oxford handbook of deliberative democracy","author":"B Andre","year":"2018","unstructured":"Andre B, John SD, Mansbridge J, Mark EW (2018) The Oxford handbook of deliberative democracy. Oxford University Press"},{"issue":"3","key":"2104_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giq.2021.101577","volume":"38","author":"Z Anneke","year":"2021","unstructured":"Anneke Z, Chen Y-C, Salem F (2021) Implications of the use of artificial intelligence in public governance: a systematic literature review and a research agenda. Government Inform Quart 38(3):101577. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.giq.2021.101577","journal-title":"Government Inform Quart"},{"issue":"4","key":"2104_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1017\/S0003055404041425","volume":"98","author":"J Barabas","year":"2004","unstructured":"Barabas J (2004) How deliberation affects policy opinions. Am Political Sci Rev 98(4):687\u2013701","journal-title":"Am Political Sci Rev"},{"key":"2104_CR8","first-page":"671","volume":"104","author":"S Barocas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Barocas S, Selbst AD (2016) Big data\u2019s disparate impact. Calif l Rev 104:671","journal-title":"Calif l Rev"},{"key":"2104_CR9","first-page":"1","volume":"39","author":"L Beckman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Beckman L, Rosenberg JH, Jebari K (2022) Artificial intelligence and democratic legitimacy. The problem of publicity in public authority. AI Soc 39:1\u201310","journal-title":"AI Soc"},{"issue":"4","key":"2104_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1007\/s13347-017-0263-5","volume":"31","author":"R Binns","year":"2018","unstructured":"Binns R (2018) Algorithmic accountability and public reason. Philosophy Technol 31(4):543\u2013556","journal-title":"Philosophy Technol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2104_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1177\/0275074019856123","volume":"49","author":"JB Bullock","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bullock JB (2019) Artificial intelligence, discretion, and bureaucracy. Am Rev Public Admin 49(7):751\u2013761","journal-title":"Am Rev Public Admin"},{"issue":"2","key":"2104_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1089\/big.2016.0047","volume":"5","author":"A Chouldechova","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chouldechova A (2017) Fair prediction with disparate impact: a study of bias in recidivism prediction instruments. Big Data 5(2):153\u2013163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/big.2016.0047","journal-title":"Big Data"},{"key":"2104_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen, Joshua. 1997. \u201cProcedure and substance in deliberative democracy.\u201d Deliberative democracy: Essays on reason and politics, 407","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/2324.003.0017"},{"issue":"1","key":"2104_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1093\/jssam\/smz041","volume":"8","author":"C Cornesse","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cornesse C, Annelies GB, Dutwin D, Jon AK, Edith DDL, Legleye S, Pasek J, Pennay D, Phillips B, Joseph WS et al (2020) A review of conceptual approaches and empirical evidence on probability and nonprobability sample survey research. J Surv Stat Methodol 8(1):4\u201336","journal-title":"J Surv Stat Methodol"},{"key":"2104_CR15","unstructured":"Courant D, 2021 The Promises and disappointments of the french citizens\u2019 convention for climate. Deliberative Democracy Digest"},{"key":"2104_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1017\/dap.2020.19","volume":"2","author":"S Christopher","year":"2020","unstructured":"Christopher S, Lunich M (2020) Artificial intelligence for political decision-making in the European Union: effects on citizens\u2019 perceptions of input, throughput, and output legitimacy. Data Amp; Policy 2:16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/dap.2020.19","journal-title":"Data Amp; Policy"},{"issue":"4","key":"2104_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-020-00960-w","volume":"35","author":"LK de Fine","year":"2020","unstructured":"de Fine LK, Jenny DFL (2020) Artificial intelligence, transparency, and public decision-making. AI Soc 35(4):917\u2013926","journal-title":"AI Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"2104_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/ajps.12139","volume":"59","author":"ES Dickson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dickson ES, Gordon SC, Huber GA (2015) Institutional sources of legitimate authority: An experimental investigation. Am J Political Sci 59(1):109\u2013127","journal-title":"Am J Political Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2104_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaao5580","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aao5580","volume":"4","author":"J Dressel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dressel J, Farid H (2018) The accuracy, fairness, and limits of predicting recidivism. Sci Adv 4(1):eaao5580. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.aao5580","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"issue":"6432","key":"2104_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaw2694","volume":"363","author":"JS Dryzek","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dryzek JS, B\u00e4chtiger A, Chambers S, Cohen J, Druckman JN, Felicetti A, Fishkin JS, Farrell DM, Fung A, Gutmann A, Landemore H, Mansbridge J, Marien S, Neblo MA, Niemeyer S, Set\u00e4l\u00e4 M, Slothuus R, Suiter J, Thompson D, Warren ME (2019) The crisis of democracy and the science of deliberation. Science 363(6432):1144\u20131146","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2104_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139175005","volume-title":"Deliberative democracy","author":"J Elster","year":"1998","unstructured":"Elster J, Przeworski A (1998) Deliberative democracy, vol 1. Cambridge University Press"},{"key":"2104_CR22","volume-title":"Democratic authority","author":"E David","year":"2009","unstructured":"David E (2009) Democratic authority. Democratic authority. Princeton University Press"},{"issue":"2","key":"2104_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007123409990433","volume":"40","author":"C Farrar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Farrar C, Fishkin JS, Green DP, List C, Luskin RC, Paluck EL (2010) Disaggregating deliberation\u2019s effects: an experiment within a deliberative poll. Br J Political Sci 40(2):333\u2013347","journal-title":"Br J Political Sci"},{"key":"2104_CR24","unstructured":"Ferweda Jeremy, Henning Finseraas, and Dag Arne Christensen 2022 \u201cThe feasibility of using data-driven algorithmic recommendations for refugee placement in Norway\u201d"},{"key":"2104_CR25","volume-title":"Democracy when the people are thinking","author":"JS Fishkin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fishkin JS (2019) Democracy when the people are thinking. Oxford University Press, Oxford"},{"issue":"4","key":"2104_CR26","first-page":"31","volume":"2","author":"L Fuerth","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fuerth L (2011) Operationalizing anticipatory governance. Prism 2(4):31\u201346","journal-title":"Prism"},{"issue":"1","key":"2104_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/105846099198749","volume":"16","author":"J Gastil","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gastil J, Dillard JP (1999) Increasing political sophistication through public deliberation. Political Commun 16(1):3\u201323","journal-title":"Political Commun"},{"key":"2104_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grgic-Hlaca, Nina, Elissa M Redmiles, Krishna P Gummadi, and Adrian Weller. 2018. \u201cHuman perceptions of fairness in algorithmic decision making: a case study of criminal risk prediction.\u201d In: Proceedings of the 2018 world wide web conference, 903\u2013912","DOI":"10.1145\/3178876.3186138"},{"issue":"5","key":"2104_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1093\/poq\/nfq065","volume":"74","author":"RM Groves","year":"2010","unstructured":"Groves RM, Lyberg L (2010) Total survey error: past, present, and future. Public Opin Q 74(5):849\u2013879","journal-title":"Public Opin Q"},{"key":"2104_CR30","unstructured":"Grzymek, Viktoria, and Michael Puntschuh. 2019. \u201cWas Europa u\u00a8ber Algorithmen weiss und denkt\u201d"},{"issue":"2","key":"2104_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1177\/0306312713508669","volume":"44","author":"DH Guston","year":"2014","unstructured":"Guston DH (2014) Understanding \u2018anticipatory governance.\u2019 Soc Stud Sci 44(2):218\u2013242","journal-title":"Soc Stud Sci"},{"key":"2104_CR32","volume-title":"Democracy and disagreement","author":"A Gutmann","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gutmann A, Thompson DF (2009) Democracy and disagreement. Harvard University Press"},{"key":"2104_CR33","volume-title":"Deliberative democracy and opinion formation","author":"KM Hansen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hansen KM (2004) Deliberative democracy and opinion formation. University Press of Southern Denmark Odense"},{"issue":"4","key":"2104_CR34","first-page":"986","volume":"84","author":"HJ Karem","year":"2020","unstructured":"Karem HJ, Cornesse C, Schlosser S, Couper MP, Blom AG (2020) Looking up answers to political knowledge questions in web surveys. Public Opinion Quart 84(4):986\u2013999","journal-title":"Public Opinion Quart"},{"key":"2104_CR35","unstructured":"Kantar 2023 How do people feel about AI. Technical report. https:\/\/github.com\/AdaLovelaceInstitute\/how-do-people-feel-about-ai"},{"issue":"6","key":"2104_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1093\/joc\/jqy056","volume":"68","author":"N Kim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim N, Fishkin JS, Luskin RC (2018) Intergroup contact in deliberative contexts: evidence from deliberative polls. J Commun 68(6):1029\u20131051. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/joc\/jqy056","journal-title":"J Commun"},{"issue":"2","key":"2104_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1080\/19331681.2011.637709","volume":"9","author":"S Kim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kim S, Gronlund K (2012) Online deliberation and its outcome\u2014evidence from the virtual polity experiment. J Inform Technol Politics 9(2):167\u2013184","journal-title":"J Inform Technol Politics"},{"key":"2104_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6765.12570","volume":"62","author":"PD Konig","year":"2022","unstructured":"Konig PD (2022) Citizen conceptions of democracy and support for artificial intelligence in government and politics. Euro J Political Res 62:1280\u20131300","journal-title":"Euro J Political Res"},{"key":"2104_CR39","unstructured":"Kroll Joshua Alexander 2015 \u201cAccountable algorithms.\u201d PhD diss., Princeton University"},{"issue":"7","key":"2104_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1007\/s11229-012-0062-6","volume":"190","author":"H Landemore","year":"2013","unstructured":"Landemore H (2013) Deliberation, cognitive diversity, and democratic inclusiveness: an epistemic argument for the random selection of representatives. Synthese 190(7):1209\u20131231","journal-title":"Synthese"},{"key":"2104_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9780691208725","volume-title":"Open democracy: reinventing popular rule for the twenty-first century","author":"H Landemore","year":"2020","unstructured":"Landemore H (2020) Open democracy: reinventing popular rule for the twenty-first century. Princeton University Press, Princeton"},{"key":"2104_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, Min Kyung, and Su Baykal. 2017. \u201cAlgorithmic mediation in group decisions: fairness perceptions of algorithmically mediated vs. discussion-based social division.\u201d In: Proceedings of the 2017 acm conference on computer supported cooperative work and social computing, 1035\u20131048","DOI":"10.1145\/2998181.2998230"},{"key":"2104_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.obhdp.2018.12.005","volume":"151","author":"JM Logg","year":"2019","unstructured":"Logg JM, Minson JA, Moore DA (2019) Algorithm appreciation: people prefer algorithmic to human judgment. Organ Behav Hum Decis Process 151:90\u2013103","journal-title":"Organ Behav Hum Decis Process"},{"issue":"3","key":"2104_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1162\/DAED_a_00447","volume":"146","author":"A Lupia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lupia A, Anne Norton A (2017) Inequality is always in the room language & power in deliberative democracy. Daedalus 146(3):64\u201376","journal-title":"Daedalus"},{"issue":"3","key":"2104_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007123402000194","volume":"32","author":"RC Luskin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Luskin RC, Fishkin JS, Jowell R (2002) Considered opinions: deliberative polling in Britain. Br J Political Sci 32(3):455\u2013487","journal-title":"Br J Political Sci"},{"key":"2104_CR46","unstructured":"Madiega Tambiama 2023 \u201cArtificial intelligence act.\u201d European parliamentary research service, https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/BRIE\/2021\/698792\/EPRSBRI(2021)698792%20EN.pdf"},{"key":"2104_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mansbridge Jane, James Bohman, Simone Chambers, Thomas Christiano, Archon Fung, John Parkinson, Dennis F Thompson, Mark E Warren (2012) A systemic approach to deliberative democracy.\u201d in Deliberative systems: Deliberative democracy at the large scale, Volume 1, p. 1\u201326.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139178914.002"},{"key":"2104_CR48","volume-title":"The democratic paradox","author":"C Mouffe","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mouffe C (2005) The democratic paradox. Verso, London"},{"key":"2104_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Noordt Tangi L. van, M. Combetto, D. Gattwinkel, F. Pignatelli, and AI Watch. 2022. European landscape on the use of artificial intelligence by the public sector. Technical report. publications office of the European union. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2760\/39336","DOI":"10.2760\/39336"},{"key":"2104_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4159\/harvard.9780674736061","volume-title":"The black box society: the secret algorithms that control money and information","author":"F Pasquale","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pasquale F (2015) The black box society: the secret algorithms that control money and information. Harvard University Press"},{"issue":"1","key":"2104_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s10676-017-9430-8","volume":"20","author":"I Rahwan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rahwan I (2018) Society-in-the-loop: programming the algorithmic social contract. Ethics Inf Technol 20(1):5\u201314","journal-title":"Ethics Inf Technol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2104_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0272530","volume":"17","author":"L Rapeli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rapeli L (2022) What is the best proxy for political knowledge in surveys? PLoS ONE 17(8):e0272530","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"2104_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0491.2008.00391.x","volume":"21","author":"BO Rothstein","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rothstein BO, Teorell JAN (2008) What is quality of government? A theory of impartial government institutions. Governance 21(2):165\u2013190","journal-title":"Governance"},{"key":"2104_CR54","unstructured":"Saha Debjani, Candice Schumann, Duncan Mcelfresh, John Dickerson, Michelle Mazurek, Michael Tschantz, 2020, \u201cMeasuring non-expert comprehension of machine learning fairness metrics.\u201d International Conference on Machine Learning. PMLR, pp. 8377\u20138387"},{"issue":"4","key":"2104_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1017\/S0043887122000090","volume":"74","author":"J Sandefur","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sandefur J, Birdsall N, Fishkin J, Moyo M (2022) Democratic deliberation and the resource curse: a nationwide experiment in Tanzania. World Politics 74(4):564\u2013609","journal-title":"World Politics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2104_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1177\/0090591797025003002","volume":"25","author":"M Sanders Lynn","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sanders Lynn M (1997) Against deliberation. Political Theory 25(3):347\u2013376","journal-title":"Political Theory"},{"key":"2104_CR57","first-page":"345","volume":"118","author":"N Simon","year":"2023","unstructured":"Simon N, Veri F, Dryzek JS, Bachtiger A (2023) How deliberation happens: enabling deliberative reason. Am Political Sci Rev 118:345\u2013362","journal-title":"Am Political Sci Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"2104_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205395172211151","DOI":"10.1177\/20539517221115189","volume":"9","author":"C Starke","year":"2022","unstructured":"Starke C, Baleis J, Keller B, Marcinkowski F (2022) Fairness perceptions of algorithmic decision-making: a systematic review of the empirical literature. Big Data Soc 9(2):20539517221115188","journal-title":"Big Data Soc"},{"issue":"4","key":"2104_CR59","first-page":"447","volume":"7","author":"N Thurman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Thurman N, Moeller J, Helberger N, Trilling D (2019) My friends, editors, algorithms, and I: examining audience attitudes to news selection. Digit J 7(4):447\u2013469","journal-title":"Digit J"},{"key":"2104_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctv1j66769","volume-title":"Why people obey the law","author":"TR Tyler","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tyler TR (2021) Why people obey the law. Why people obey the law. Princeton University Press"},{"issue":"1","key":"2104_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205395172211004","DOI":"10.1177\/20539517221100449","volume":"9","author":"A Waldman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Waldman A, Martin K (2022) Governing algorithmic decisions: the role of decision importance and governance on perceived legitimacy of algorithmic decisions. Big Data Soc 9(1):20539517221100450","journal-title":"Big Data Soc"},{"key":"2104_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Ruotong, F Maxwell Harper, and Haiyi Zhu. 2020. \u201cFactors influencing perceived fairness in algorithmic decision-making: algorithm outcomes, development procedures, and individual differences.\u201d In: proceedings of the 2020 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems, 1\u201314","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376813"},{"key":"2104_CR63","first-page":"131","volume":"17","author":"AL Washington","year":"2018","unstructured":"Washington AL (2018) How to argue with an algorithm: lessons from the COMPAS-ProPublica debate. Colo Tech LJ 17:131","journal-title":"Colo Tech LJ"},{"issue":"9","key":"2104_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1080\/01900692.2020.1749851","volume":"43","author":"BW Wirtz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wirtz BW, Weyerer JC, Sturm BJ (2020) The dark sides of artificial intelligence: an integrated AI governance framework for public administration. Int J Public Adm 43(9):818\u2013829","journal-title":"Int J Public Adm"},{"key":"2104_CR65","volume-title":"Inclusion and democracy","author":"IM Young","year":"2000","unstructured":"Young IM (2000) Inclusion and democracy. Oxford University Press, Oxford"},{"key":"2104_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang Baobao. 2021. \u201cPublic opinion toward artificial intelligence.\u201d Forthcoming Oxford Handbook of Artificial Intelligence Governance","DOI":"10.31219\/osf.io\/284sm"},{"key":"2104_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.1.12895","volume":"71","author":"B Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang B, Anderljung M, Kahn L, Dreksler N, Horowitz MC, Dafoe A (2021) Ethics and governance of artificial intelligence: evidence from a survey of machine learning researchers. J Artif Intell Res 71:591\u2013666","journal-title":"J Artif Intell Res"},{"key":"2104_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang Baobao, and Allan Dafoe 2019 \u201cArtificial intelligence: American attitudes and trends.\u201d Available at SSRN 3312874","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3312874"}],"container-title":["AI &amp; SOCIETY"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00146-024-02104-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00146-024-02104-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00146-024-02104-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T05:02:21Z","timestamp":1749531741000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00146-024-02104-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,27]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["2104"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00146-024-02104-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0951-5666","1435-5655"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0951-5666","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-5655","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 February 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 October 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 October 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"On behalf of all the authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}