{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T19:19:54Z","timestamp":1783711194512,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740355200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740355200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000267","name":"Arts and Humanities Research Council, United Kingdom","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["AH\/X003132\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AH\/X003132\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000267","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000267","name":"Arts and Humanities Research Council, United Kingdom","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["AH\/X003132\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AH\/X003132\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000267","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000267","name":"Arts and Humanities Research Council, United Kingdom","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["AH\/X003132\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AH\/X003132\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000267","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000267","name":"Arts and Humanities Research Council, United Kingdom","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["AH\/X003132\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AH\/X003132\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000267","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AI &amp; Soc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>This article is the first study to examine the impact (positive and negative) of Artificial Intelligence on the diversity of archival collections. Representing the diverse audiences they serve is a key objective for libraries and archives. For example, institutions with colonial-era archival documents are experimenting with AI to improve the discoverability of their collections and to enhance access for source communities and other users. Indeed, AI can be used to automatically create metadata, search vast amounts of historical records, and answer questions with natural language. However, these technologies also come with risks\u2014for instance when AI systems are trained on potentially biased data. Very little is known about the impact of these computational tools on diversity in archival collections. Do AI technologies compound or alleviate the lack of diversity in archives? Drawing from interviews with academics, archivists, curators, and other experts across the UK\/Europe and the USA, this article sheds light on the lack of collaboration between producers of AI technologies on the one side, and archivists, librarians and other cultural heritage professionals on the other side. We argue that bringing these stakeholders together is essential to improve the diversity of archival collections, using ethical and responsible AI. Finally, we offer recommendations to help professionals in libraries and archives assess the opportunities and risks associated with AI and find solutions to make their collections more representative of diverse audiences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-025-02222-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T05:16:12Z","timestamp":1740374172000},"page":"4447-4459","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["How can we improve the diversity of archival collections with AI? Opportunities, risks, and solutions"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Lise","family":"Jaillant","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivia","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Ewoh-Opu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maribel","family":"Hidalgo Urbaneja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2222_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03080188.2020.1840225","author":"R Adams","year":"2021","unstructured":"Adams R (2021) Can artificial intelligence be decolonized? Interdiscip Sci Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03080188.2020.1840225","journal-title":"Interdiscip Sci Rev"},{"key":"2222_CR2","first-page":"28","volume-title":"Ambiguous technologies: philosophical issues","author":"M Ali","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ali M (2014) Towards a decolonial computing. Ambiguous technologies: philosophical issues. Human Nature, International Society of Ethics and Information Technology, Practical Solutions, pp 28\u201335"},{"key":"2222_CR3","unstructured":"ARA and CILIP (2015) A study of the UK information workforce. Mapping the library, archives, records, information management and knowledge management and related professions in the United Kingdom. http:\/\/www.archives.org.uk\/images\/Workforce\/A_study_of_the_information_workforce_141115_7mb.pdf"},{"key":"2222_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3594726","author":"K Aske","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aske K, Giardinetti M (2023) (Mis)Matching metadata: improving accessibility in digital visual archives through the EyCon project. J Comput Cult Herit. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3594726","journal-title":"J Comput Cult Herit"},{"key":"2222_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1007\/s10502-006-9019-1","volume":"6","author":"J Bastian","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bastian J (2006) Reading colonial records through an archival lens: the provenance of place, space and creation. Arch Sci 6:267\u2013284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10502-006-9019-1","journal-title":"Arch Sci"},{"key":"2222_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.3167\/armw.2013.010112","volume":"1","author":"J Bell","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bell J et al (2013) After the return: digital repatriation and the circulation of indigenous knowledge workshop report. Museum Worlds 1:195\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3167\/armw.2013.010112","journal-title":"Museum Worlds"},{"key":"2222_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2053951721990409","author":"N Bingham","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bingham N, Byrne H (2021) Archival strategies for contemporary collecting in a world of big data: challenges and opportunities with curating the UK web archive. Big Data Soc. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2053951721990409","journal-title":"Big Data Soc"},{"key":"2222_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/13940.001.0001","volume-title":"The new fire: war, peace, and democracy in the age of AI","author":"B Buchanan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Buchanan B, Imbrie A (2022) The new fire: war, peace, and democracy in the age of AI. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts"},{"key":"2222_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003173427-3","volume-title":"Democratic frontiers: algorithms and society","author":"M Bunz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bunz M, Vrikki P (2022) From big to democratic data: why the rise of ai needs data solidarity. In: Filimowicz M (ed) Democratic frontiers: algorithms and society. Routledge, London\/New York, pp 47\u201362"},{"key":"2222_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.4467\/2450050XSNR.22.031.17044","volume":"8","author":"L Bursey","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bursey L (2022) Colonial-looted cultural objects in England. Santander Art Cult Law Rev 8:341\u2013354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4467\/2450050XSNR.22.031.17044","journal-title":"Santander Art Cult Law Rev"},{"key":"2222_CR11","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Archive stories: facts, fictions, and the writing of history","author":"AM Burton","year":"2005","unstructured":"Burton AM (2005) Introduction: archive fever, archive stories. In: Burton AM (ed) Archive stories: facts, fictions, and the writing of history. Duke University Press, Durham, NC, pp 1\u201324"},{"key":"2222_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5334\/dsj-2020-043","author":"SR Carroll","year":"2020","unstructured":"Carroll SR et al (2020) The CARE principles for indigenous data governance. Data Sci J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5334\/dsj-2020-043","journal-title":"Data Sci J"},{"key":"2222_CR13","unstructured":"Carter R (2006) Of things said and unsaid: power, archival silences, and power in silence. Archivaria 61:216\u2013233. https:\/\/archivaria.ca\/index.php\/archivaria\/article\/view\/12541"},{"key":"2222_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24242\/jclis.v3i2.113","author":"M Caswell","year":"2021","unstructured":"Caswell M (2021) Dusting for fingerprints: introducing feminist standpoint appraisal. J Crit Library Inf Stud. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24242\/jclis.v3i2.113","journal-title":"J Crit Library Inf Stud"},{"key":"2222_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.57132\/jiss.213","author":"C Chew","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chew C (2023) Decolonising description: addressing discriminatory language in Scottish public heritage and beyond. J Irish Scot Stud. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.57132\/jiss.213","journal-title":"J Irish Scot Stud"},{"key":"2222_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/s10502-019-09314-y","volume":"19","author":"A Chilcott","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chilcott A (2019) Towards protocols for describing racially offensive language in UK public archives. Arch Sci 19:359\u2013376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10502-019-09314-y","journal-title":"Arch Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2222_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3479010","volume":"15","author":"G Colavizza","year":"2021","unstructured":"Colavizza G et al (2021) Archives and AI: an overview of current debates and future perspectives. J Comput Cult Herit 15(1):1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3479010","journal-title":"J Comput Cult Herit"},{"key":"2222_CR18","unstructured":"Cook T (1994) Electronic records, paper minds: the revolution in information management and archives in the post-custodial and post-modernist era. Archives and Manuscripts 22:300\u2013328. https:\/\/publications.archivists.org.au\/index.php\/asa\/article\/view\/8433. Accessed 21 Nov 2024"},{"key":"2222_CR19","unstructured":"Cordell R (2020) Machine learning + libraries. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. https:\/\/labs.loc.gov\/static\/labs\/work\/reports\/Cordell-LOC-ML-report.pdf?loclr=blogsig. Accessed 21 Nov 2024"},{"issue":"4","key":"2222_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1177\/1527476418796632","volume":"20","author":"N Couldry","year":"2019","unstructured":"Couldry N, Mejias UA (2019) Data colonialism: rethinking big data\u2019s relation to the contemporary subject. Telev New Media 20(4):336\u2013349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1527476418796632","journal-title":"Telev New Media"},{"key":"2222_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2053951716648346","author":"CM Dalton","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dalton CM, Taylor L, Thatcher J (2016) Critical Data Studies: A dialog on data and space. Big Data Soc. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2053951716648346","journal-title":"Big Data Soc"},{"key":"2222_CR22","unstructured":"Dentler J, Jaillant L, Foliard D, Schuh J (2024) Sensitivity and access: unlocking the colonial visual archive with machine learning. Digit Humanit Q 18. https:\/\/www.digitalhumanities.org\/dhq\/vol\/18\/2\/000742\/000742.html"},{"key":"2222_CR23","volume-title":"La m\u00e9moire de l\u2019\u00c9tat: histoire des archives nationales","author":"L Favier","year":"2004","unstructured":"Favier L (2004) La m\u00e9moire de l\u2019\u00c9tat: histoire des archives nationales. Fayard, Paris"},{"key":"2222_CR24","unstructured":"Gallon K (2016) Making a case for the black digital humanities. In Gold MK, Klein LF (eds) Debates in the Digital Humanities 2016. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis. https:\/\/dhdebates.gc.cuny.edu\/read\/untitled\/section\/fa10e2e1-0c3d-4519-a958-d823aac989eb"},{"key":"2222_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5334\/johd.213","author":"M Giardinetti","year":"2024","unstructured":"Giardinetti M et al (2024) The EyCon dataset: a visual corpus of early conflict photography. J Open Humanit Data. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5334\/johd.213","journal-title":"J Open Humanit Data"},{"key":"2222_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.17723\/aarc.76.2.14744l214663kw43","volume":"76","author":"M Greene","year":"2013","unstructured":"Greene M (2013) A critique of social justice as an archival imperative: what is it we\u2019re doing that\u2019s all that important? Am Archivist 76:302\u2013334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17723\/aarc.76.2.14744l214663kw43","journal-title":"Am Archivist"},{"key":"2222_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226310015.001.0001","volume-title":"Cultural capital: the problem of literary canon formation","author":"J Guillory","year":"1993","unstructured":"Guillory J (1993) Cultural capital: the problem of literary canon formation. University of Chicago Press, Chicago"},{"key":"2222_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctv13xps9m","volume-title":"Heritage futures: comparative approaches to natural and cultural heritage practices","author":"R Harrison","year":"2020","unstructured":"Harrison R et al (2020) Heritage futures: comparative approaches to natural and cultural heritage practices. UCL Press, London"},{"issue":"2","key":"2222_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1108\/RMJ-09-2019-0055","volume":"30","author":"T Hutchinson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hutchinson T (2020) Natural language processing and machine learning as practical toolsets for archival processing. Rec Manag J 30(2):155\u2013174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/RMJ-09-2019-0055","journal-title":"Rec Manag J"},{"key":"2222_CR30","unstructured":"Israel RH, Eyre JR (2017) The 2017 WArS\/SAA salary survey: initial results and analysis. Women Archivists Section. Society of American Archivists. https:\/\/www2.archivists.org\/sites\/all\/files\/WArS-SAA-Salary-Survey-Report.pdf"},{"key":"2222_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9783839455845","volume-title":"Archives, access and artificial intelligence: working with born-digital and digitized archival collections","author":"L Jaillant","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jaillant L (2022) Archives, access and artificial intelligence: working with born-digital and digitized archival collections. Transcript, Bielefeld, Germany"},{"issue":"4","key":"2222_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3631125","volume":"16","author":"L Jaillant","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jaillant L, Aske K (2024b) Are users of digital archives ready for the AI era? Obstacles to the application of computational research methods and new opportunities. J Comput Cult Herit 16(4):1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3631125","journal-title":"J Comput Cult Herit"},{"issue":"2","key":"2222_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1093\/llc\/fqac073","volume":"38","author":"L Jaillant","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jaillant L, Rees A (2023) Applying AI to digital archives: trust, collaboration and shared professional ethics. Digit Scholarsh Humanit 38(2):571\u2013585. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/llc\/fqac073","journal-title":"Digit Scholarsh Humanit"},{"key":"2222_CR34","volume-title":"Navigating artificial intelligence for cultural heritage organisations","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jaillant L, Warwick C, Gooding P, Aske K, Layne-Worthey G, Downie JS (eds) (2025) Navigating artificial intelligence for cultural heritage organisations. UCL Press, London"},{"key":"2222_CR35","unstructured":"Jaillant L, Aske K (2024a) AI and medical images: addressing ethical challenges to provide responsible access to historical medical illustrations. Digit Humanit Q 18. https:\/\/www.digitalhumanities.org\/dhq\/vol\/18\/2\/000755\/000755.html"},{"issue":"3","key":"2222_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1093\/llc\/fqy063","volume":"34","author":"B Lee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee B (2019) Machine learning, template matching, and the international tracing service digital archive: automating the retrieval of death certificate reference cards from 40 million document scans. Digit Scholarsh Humanit 34(3):513\u2013535. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/llc\/fqy063","journal-title":"Digit Scholarsh Humanit"},{"key":"2222_CR37","unstructured":"Lemieux VL, Marciano R (2024) Teaching computational archival science: context, pedagogy, and future directions. https:\/\/ai-collaboratory.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Teaching-Computational-Archival-Science-Context-Pedagogy-and-Future-Directions-2024-submitted.pdf"},{"key":"2222_CR38","unstructured":"Moss M et al (2018) The reconfiguration of the archive as data to be mined. Archivaria 86:118\u201351. https:\/\/archivaria.ca\/index.php\/archivaria\/article\/view\/13646"},{"key":"2222_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17723\/aarc.74.1.hv339647l2745684","author":"PACG (Pluralizing the Archival Curriculum Group)","year":"2011","unstructured":"PACG (Pluralizing the Archival Curriculum Group) (2011) Educating for the archival multiverse. Am Archivist. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17723\/aarc.74.1.hv339647l2745684","journal-title":"Am Archivist"},{"key":"2222_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.3066209","author":"T Padilla","year":"2019","unstructured":"Padilla T et al (2019) Santa Barbara statement on collections as data\u2014always already computational: collections as data. Zenodo. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.3066209"},{"key":"2222_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.8342171","author":"T Padilla","year":"2023","unstructured":"Padilla T et al (2023) Vancouver statement on collections as data. Zenodo. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.8342171"},{"issue":"2","key":"2222_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-022-01458-3","volume":"38","author":"P Paraman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Paraman P, Anamalah S (2023) Ethical artificial intelligence framework for a good AI society: principles, opportunities and perils. AI Soc 38(2):595\u2013611. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00146-022-01458-3","journal-title":"AI Soc"},{"key":"2222_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.7081347","author":"E Pringle","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pringle E, Mavin H, Greenhalgh T, Dalal-Clayton A, Rutherford A, Bramwell J, Blackford K, Balukiewicz K (2022) Provisional semantics: addressing the challenges of representing multiple perspectives within an evolving digitised national collection. Zenodo. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.7081347"},{"key":"2222_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pui San Lok S et al (2023) Second report\u2014transforming collections: reimagining art, nation and heritage. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.7967237","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.7967237"},{"key":"2222_CR45","volume-title":"New digital worlds: postcolonial digital humanities in theory, praxis, and pedagogy","author":"R Risam","year":"2019","unstructured":"Risam R (2019) New digital worlds: postcolonial digital humanities in theory, praxis, and pedagogy. Northwestern University Press, Evanston"},{"key":"2222_CR46","volume-title":"Modern archives: principles and techniques","author":"TR Schellenberg","year":"1956","unstructured":"Schellenberg TR (1956) Modern archives: principles and techniques. University of Chicago Press, Chicago"},{"key":"2222_CR47","volume-title":"Material girls: why reality matters for feminism","author":"K Stock","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stock K (2020) Material girls: why reality matters for feminism. Hachette, London"},{"key":"2222_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400835478","volume-title":"Along the archival grain: epistemic anxieties and colonial common sense","author":"AL Stoler","year":"2008","unstructured":"Stoler AL (2008) Along the archival grain: epistemic anxieties and colonial common sense. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ"},{"key":"2222_CR49","unstructured":"Van Strien D et al (2021) An introduction to AI for GLAM. In: Proceedings of the 2nd teaching in machine learning workshop. https:\/\/proceedings.mlr.press\/v170\/strien22a\/strien22a.pdf"},{"key":"2222_CR50","first-page":"349","volume-title":"Reinventing the museum: relevance, inclusion, and global responsibilities","author":"J Tai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tai J (2023) Cultural humility as a framework for anti-oppressive archival description. In: Anderson G (ed) Reinventing the museum: relevance, inclusion, and global responsibilities. Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham, Maryland, pp 349\u2013364"},{"issue":"2","key":"2222_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1080\/13600869.2022.2060471","volume":"36","author":"I Varo\u0161anec","year":"2022","unstructured":"Varo\u0161anec I (2022) On the path to the future: mapping the notion of transparency in the EU regulatory framework for AI. Int Rev Law Comput Technol 36(2):95\u2013117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13600869.2022.2060471","journal-title":"Int Rev Law Comput Technol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2222_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1007\/s13347-021-00477-0","volume":"34","author":"WJ von Eschenbach","year":"2021","unstructured":"von Eschenbach WJ (2021) Transparency and the black box problem: why we do not trust AI. Philos Technol 34(4):1607\u20131622. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13347-021-00477-0","journal-title":"Philos Technol"},{"key":"2222_CR53","volume-title":"On decoloniality: concepts, analytics, practices","author":"CE Walsh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Walsh CE, Mignolo W (2018) On decoloniality: concepts, analytics, practices. Duke University Press, Durham\/London"}],"container-title":["AI &amp; SOCIETY"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00146-025-02222-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00146-025-02222-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00146-025-02222-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]],"date-time":"2025-09-06T06:22:52Z","timestamp":1757139772000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00146-025-02222-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["2222"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00146-025-02222-z","relation":{"references":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5281\/zenodo.3066209","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5281\/zenodo.8342171","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5281\/zenodo.7081347","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["0951-5666","1435-5655"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0951-5666","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-5655","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 November 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 February 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 February 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}