{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T08:00:39Z","timestamp":1778313639242,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750204800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750204800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Dutch national e-infrastructure with the support of the SURF Cooperative","award":["EINF-7673"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EINF-7673"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AI &amp; Soc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>With the diffusion of new technologies, \u201cmoral panics\u201d often tend to emerge, with news outlets frequently seen as catalysts. However, empirical evidence on their specific role still remains scarce. The rise of ChatGPT offers a unique chance to observe a new form of moral technology panic in real time. Using a longitudinal survey of a Dutch quota sample and computational content analysis of Dutch news coverage on ChatGPT, we examined whether both news attention and public perceptions of ChatGPT\u2019s societal impact increased and became more negative over time. We linked survey-based exposure measures with automated content-analysis-based news characteristics to assess the news media\u2019s role in moral panic creation. While the public quickly became aware of ChatGPT, we found no clear indication of a moral panic in the news or among respondents. Moreover, news exposure ultimately did not influence perceptions of ChatGPT\u2019s societal impact. We discuss implications for moral panic theories.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-025-02417-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T12:45:38Z","timestamp":1750250738000},"page":"6761-6781","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The next media-fueled moral technology panic? News media\u2019s and audience\u2019s views on ChatGPT"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Roeland","family":"Dub\u00e8l","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lara","family":"Wolfers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeroen","family":"Jonkman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zeph","family":"Van Berlo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachid","family":"Azrout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2417_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.5117\/TCW2024.3.002.AZRO","volume":"52","author":"R Azrout","year":"2024","unstructured":"Azrout R, Van Berlo ZMC, Dub\u00e8l R, Jonkman JGF, Wolfers LN, Baumgartner SE (2024) Has the AI revolution started yet? A status report on the use of and the attitudes towards ChatGPT in Dutch society. Tijdschrift Voor Communicatiewetenschap 52(3):267\u2013287. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5117\/TCW2024.3.002.AZRO","journal-title":"Tijdschrift Voor Communicatiewetenschap"},{"key":"2417_CR2","unstructured":"Bakker P (2021). NOS profiteert het meest van online nieuwshonger. Stimuleringsfonds Voor de Journalistiek. https:\/\/www.svdj.nl\/nieuws\/nos-profiteert-het-meest-van-online-nieuwshonger\/. Accessed May 22, 2025."},{"issue":"3","key":"2417_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1177\/0093650219870087","volume":"48","author":"M Boukes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Boukes M, Damstra A, Vliegenthart R (2019) Media effects across time and subject: how news coverage affects two out of four attributes of consumer confidence. Commun Res 48(3):454\u2013476. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0093650219870087","journal-title":"Commun Res"},{"key":"2417_CR5","unstructured":"Broersma MJ (2007) Form, style and journalistic strategies: An introduction (pp. 9-29). In M. J. Broersma (Ed.), Form and style in journalism: European newspapers and the representation of news, 1880\u20132005 (pp. 1-270). Leuven, Belgium: Peeters."},{"key":"2417_CR7","volume-title":"Folk devils and moral panics","author":"S Cohen","year":"1973","unstructured":"Cohen S (1973) Folk devils and moral panics. Paladin."},{"issue":"5","key":"2417_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.100.5.2031","volume":"100","author":"D Comin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Comin D, Hobijn B (2010) An exploration of technology diffusion. Am Econ Rev 100(5):2031\u20132059. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1257\/aer.100.5.2031","journal-title":"Am Econ Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"2417_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-9020.2008.00122.x","volume":"2","author":"C Critcher","year":"2008","unstructured":"Critcher C (2008) Moral panic analysis: past, present and future. Sociol Compass 2(4):1127\u20131144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1751-9020.2008.00122.x","journal-title":"Sociol Compass"},{"key":"2417_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23780231241259672","author":"E Dahlin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dahlin E (2024) Who Says artificial intelligence is stealing our jobs? Socius. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/23780231241259672","journal-title":"Socius"},{"key":"2417_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Vreese CH, Boukes M, Schuck A, Vliegenthart R, Bos L,  Lelkes Y (2017) Linking survey and media content data: Opportunities, considerations, and pitfalls. Commun Methods Meas 11(4):221\u2013244","DOI":"10.1080\/19312458.2017.1380175"},{"key":"2417_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goode E, Ben-Yehuda N (2009) Moral panics: The social construction of deviance. Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken, NJ, 2nd edn, pp 1\u2013320","DOI":"10.1002\/9781444307924"},{"issue":"4","key":"2417_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1080\/17482790903233432","volume":"3","author":"L Haddon","year":"2009","unstructured":"Haddon L, Stald G (2009) A comparative analysis of European press coverage of children and the internet. J Child Media 3(4):379\u2013393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17482790903233432","journal-title":"J Child Media"},{"key":"2417_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haidt J (2024) The anxious generation: How the great rewiring of childhood is causing an epidemic of mental illness (pp.1-400). New York, NY: Penguin Press.","DOI":"10.1080\/10911359.2025.2461498"},{"key":"2417_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hall S, Critcher C, Jefferson T, Clarke J, Roberts B (1978) Policing the crisis: Mugging, the state, and law and order (pp. 1-454). New York, NY: Holmes & Meier.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-349-15881-2"},{"key":"2417_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techsoc.2023.102225","volume":"73","author":"A Hannan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hannan A, Hussain A, Tab MA (2023) Towards a more general theory of blockchain technology adoption\u2014Investigating the role of mass media, social media and technophilia. Technol Soc 73:102225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.techsoc.2023.102225","journal-title":"Technol Soc"},{"key":"2417_CR54","unstructured":"Heise DR (2002) Understanding social interaction with affect control theory. In: Turner JH (ed) New directions in contemporary sociological theory. Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA, pp 17\u201340"},{"issue":"1","key":"2417_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.2004.tb02614.x","volume":"54","author":"S Kiousis","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kiousis S (2004) Explicating media salience: A factor analysis of New York Times issue coverage during the 2000 US presidential election. J Commun 54(1):71\u201387","journal-title":"J Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"2417_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/jcom.12141","volume":"65","author":"J Kleinnijenhuis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kleinnijenhuis J, Schultz F, Oegema D (2015) Frame complexity and the financial crisis: a comparison of the United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany in the Period 2007\u20132012. J Commun 65(1):1\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcom.12141","journal-title":"J Commun"},{"key":"2417_CR21","unstructured":"Livingstone, S., Haddon, L., Goerzig, A., & \u00d3lafsson, K. (2011). Risks and safety on the Internet: The perspective of European children. Full findings (EU Kids Online report, pp. 1\u2013140). London, UK: London School of Economics and Political Science. https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/media-and-communications\/research\/research-projects\/eu-kids-online"},{"key":"2417_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marwick AE (2008) To catch a predator? The MySpace moral panic. First Monday, 13(6). https:\/\/firstmonday.org\/article\/view\/2152\/1966. Accessed May 22, 2025.","DOI":"10.5210\/fm.v13i6.2152"},{"key":"2417_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5817\/CP2014-2-2","author":"G Mascheroni","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mascheroni G, Jorge A, Farrugia L (2014) Media representations and children\u2019s discourses on online risks: Findings from qualitative research in nine European countries. Cyberpsychol: J Psychosoc Res Cybersp. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5817\/CP2014-2-2","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol: J Psychosoc Res Cybersp"},{"key":"2417_CR25","unstructured":"Naughton J (2023, March 4). Misplaced fears of an \u2018evil\u2019 ChatGPT obscure the real harm being done. The Guardian. https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2023\/mar\/04\/misplaced-fears-of-an-evil-chatgpt-obscure-the-real-harm-being-done. Accessed May 22, 2025."},{"issue":"5","key":"2417_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691620919372","volume":"15","author":"A Orben","year":"2020","unstructured":"Orben A (2020) The Sisyphean cycle of technology panics. Perspect Psychol Sci: J Assoc Psychol Sci 15(5):1143\u20131157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1745691620919372","journal-title":"Perspect Psychol Sci: J Assoc Psychol Sci"},{"key":"2417_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1525\/aa.1964.66.3.02a00880","volume":"66","author":"CE Osgood","year":"1964","unstructured":"Osgood CE (1964) Semantic differential technique in the comparative study of cultures. Am Anthropol 66:171\u2013200","journal-title":"Am Anthropol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2417_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1080\/19312458.2023.2257595","volume":"18","author":"LP Otto","year":"2024","unstructured":"Otto LP, Loecherbach F, Vliegenthart R (2024) Linkage analysis revised\u2014linking digital traces and survey data. Commun Methods Meas 18(2):186\u2013204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19312458.2023.2257595","journal-title":"Commun Methods Meas"},{"issue":"3","key":"2417_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s12119-001-1029-9","volume":"5","author":"RH Potter","year":"2001","unstructured":"Potter RH, Potter LA (2001) The internet, cyberporn, and sexual exploitation of children: Media moral panics and urban myths for middle-class parents? Sex Cult 5(3):31\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12119-001-1029-9","journal-title":"Sex Cult"},{"key":"2417_CR31","volume-title":"Diffusion of innovations","author":"EM Rogers","year":"1983","unstructured":"Rogers EM (1983) Diffusion of innovations. Free Press"},{"key":"2417_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosa H (2013) Social acceleration: a new theory of modernity. Columbia University Press, New York, NY, pp 1\u2013512","DOI":"10.7312\/rosa14834"},{"key":"2417_CR34","unstructured":"Rutledge PB (2023, February 28) ChatGPT: Why is it making people so nervous? Psychology Today. https:\/\/www.psychologytoday.com\/intl\/blog\/positively-media\/202302\/chatgpt-why-is-it-making-people-so-nervous. Accessed May 22, 2025."},{"issue":"4","key":"2417_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1080\/15205436.2016.1274765","volume":"20","author":"SR Stern","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stern SR, Burke Odland S (2017) Constructing dysfunction: news coverage of teenagers and social media. Mass Commun Soc 20(4):505\u2013525. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15205436.2016.1274765","journal-title":"Mass Commun Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"2417_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1177\/13548565211065299","volume":"29","author":"JO St\u00f8rup","year":"2023","unstructured":"St\u00f8rup JO, Lieberoth A (2023) What\u2019s the problem with \u201cscreen time\u201d? A content analysis of dominant voices and worries in three years of national print media. Converg: Int J Res New Med Technol 29(1):201\u2013224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/13548565211065299","journal-title":"Converg: Int J Res New Med Technol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2417_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1083-6101.2006.00031.x","volume":"11","author":"C Thurlow","year":"2006","unstructured":"Thurlow C (2006) From statistical panic to moral panic: The metadiscursive construction and popular exaggeration of new media language in the print media. J Comput-Mediat Commun 11(3):667\u2013701. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1083-6101.2006.00031.x","journal-title":"J Comput-Mediat Commun"},{"key":"2417_CR38","unstructured":"Tiedemann J, Thottingal S (2020) OPUS-MT \u2013 Building open translation services for the world. In A. Martins, H. Moniz, S. Fumega, B. Martins, F. Batista, L. Coheur, C. Parra, I. Trancoso, M. Turchi, A. Bisazza, J. Moorkens, A. Guerberof, M. Nurminen, L. Marg, & M. L. Forcada (eds), Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference of the European association for machine translation. European Association for Machine Translation,  pp 479\u2013480. https:\/\/aclanthology.org\/2020.eamt-1.61. Accessed 22 May 2025"},{"issue":"1","key":"2417_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e29528","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0029528","volume":"7","author":"JL Toole","year":"2012","unstructured":"Toole JL, Cha M, Gonz\u00e1lez MC (2012) Modeling the adoption of innovations in the presence of geographic and media influences. PLoS ONE 7(1):e29528. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0029528","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"5","key":"2417_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1080\/00913367.2024.2397777","volume":"53","author":"ZMC Van Berlo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Van Berlo ZMC, Campbell C, Voorveld HAM (2024) The MADE framework: best practices for creating effective experimental stimuli using generative AI. J Advert 53(5):732\u2013753. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00913367.2024.2397777","journal-title":"J Advert"},{"issue":"6","key":"2417_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1177\/13548565211038539","volume":"27","author":"MM Vanden Abeele","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vanden Abeele MM, Mohr V (2021) Media addictions as apparatgeist What discourse on TV and smartphone addiction reveals about society. Converg: Int J Res New Med Technol 27(6):1536\u20131557. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/13548565211038539","journal-title":"Converg: Int J Res New Med Technol"},{"key":"2417_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Veale M, Borgesius F (2021) Demystifying the Draft EU Artificial Intelligence Act\u2014Analysing the good, the bad, and the unclear elements of the proposed approach. Comput Law Rev Int 22(4):97\u2013112","DOI":"10.9785\/cri-2021-220402"},{"key":"2417_CR44","unstructured":"Wike R, Silver L, Fetterolf J, Huang C, Austin S, Clancy L, Gubbala S (2022) Social media seen as mostly good for democracy across many nations, but US is a major outlier. Pew Research Center"},{"key":"2417_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ct\/qtae015","author":"LN Wolfers","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wolfers LN (2024) A social constructivist viewpoint of media effects: Extending the social influence model of technology use to media effects. Commun Theor. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ct\/qtae015","journal-title":"Commun Theor"},{"issue":"3","key":"2417_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1093\/hcr\/hqad001","volume":"49","author":"LN Wolfers","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wolfers LN, Wendt R, Becker D, Utz S (2023) Do you love your phone more than your child? The consequences of norms and guilt around maternal smartphone use. Hum Commun Res 49(3):285\u2013295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/hcr\/hqad001","journal-title":"Hum Commun Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2417_CR47","first-page":"169","volume":"81","author":"J Woodford","year":"1929","unstructured":"Woodford J (1929) Radio\u2014a blessing or a curse? The Forum 81(3):169\u2013171","journal-title":"The Forum"},{"key":"2417_CR48","unstructured":"Yang H, Zeng B, Xu M, Wang T (2021) Back to reality: Leveraging pattern-driven modeling to enable affordable sentiment dependency learning (No. 2110.08604). arXiv 2110.08604"},{"key":"2417_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang H, Zhang C, Li K (2023) PyABSA: A modularized framework for reproducible aspect-based sentiment analysis. In: Proceedings of the 32nd ACM International conference on information and knowledge management, pp 5117\u20135122","DOI":"10.1145\/3583780.3614752"},{"key":"2417_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2020.06.004","volume":"73","author":"G Zhu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhu G, Chen Y, Zheng J (2020) Modelling the acceptance of fully autonomous vehicles: a media-based perception and adoption model. Transp Res f: Traffic Psychol Behav 73:80\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trf.2020.06.004","journal-title":"Transp Res f: Traffic Psychol Behav"}],"container-title":["AI &amp; SOCIETY"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00146-025-02417-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00146-025-02417-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00146-025-02417-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T06:18:02Z","timestamp":1763360282000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00146-025-02417-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2417"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00146-025-02417-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0951-5666","1435-5655"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0951-5666","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-5655","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 May 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 June 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}