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Even though metamodelling is traditionally based on a two-metalevel approach, several researchers have pointed out limitations of this solution and proposed an alternative\n            <jats:italic>deep<\/jats:italic>\n            (also called\n            <jats:italic>multi-level<\/jats:italic>\n            ) approach to obtain simpler system specifications. However, this approach currently lacks a formalisation that can be used to explain fundamental concepts such as deep characterisation, double linguistic\/ontological typing and linguistic extension. This paper provides such a formalisation based on the Diagram Predicate Framework, and discusses its practical realisation in the\n            <jats:sc>metaDepth<\/jats:sc>\n            tool.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00165-014-0307-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,8]],"date-time":"2014-08-08T07:18:20Z","timestamp":1407482300000},"page":"1115-1152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["A formalisation of deep metamodelling"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Rossini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Networked Systems and Services, SINTEF, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"de Lara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Superior, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Superior, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Rutle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Aalesund University College, \u00c5lesund, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Uwe","family":"Wolter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aschauer T Dauenhauer G Pree W (2009) Multi-level modeling for industrial automation systems. 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