{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T18:03:46Z","timestamp":1770919426616,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,18]],"date-time":"2016-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1455753600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Comput Stat"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00180-016-0644-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,18]],"date-time":"2016-02-18T16:20:51Z","timestamp":1455812451000},"page":"771-798","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Density-based clustering with non-continuous data"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Adelchi","family":"Azzalini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Menardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"644_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1080\/03610926.2013.806665","volume":"43","author":"L Anderlucci","year":"2014","unstructured":"Anderlucci L, Hennig C (2014) Clustering of categorical data: a comparison of a model- based and a distance-based approach. Commun Stat Theory Methods 43(4):704\u2013721","journal-title":"Commun Stat Theory Methods"},{"key":"644_CR2","volume-title":"Handbook of marketing research","author":"P Arabie","year":"1994","unstructured":"Arabie P, Hubert L (1994) Cluster analysis in marketing research. In: Bagozzi R (ed) Handbook of marketing research. Blackwell, Oxford"},{"key":"644_CR3","volume-title":"UCI machine learning repository","author":"A Asuncion","year":"2010","unstructured":"Asuncion A, Newman D (2010) UCI machine learning repository. School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California, Irvine"},{"key":"644_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Azzalini A, Menardi G (2014) Clustering via nonparametric density estimation: the R package pdfCluster. J Stat Softw 57(11):1\u201326","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v057.i11"},{"key":"644_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s11222-006-9010-y","volume":"17","author":"A Azzalini","year":"2007","unstructured":"Azzalini A, Torelli N (2007) Clustering via nonparametric density estimation. Stat Comput 17:71\u201380","journal-title":"Stat Comput"},{"key":"644_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1980.tb01128.x","volume":"42","author":"DJ Bartholomew","year":"1980","unstructured":"Bartholomew DJ (1980) Factor analysis for categorical data. J R Stat Soc Series B 42:293\u2013321","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Series B"},{"key":"644_CR7","volume-title":"Latent variable models and factor analysis","author":"DJ Bartholomew","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bartholomew DJ, Knott M (1999) Latent variable models and factor analysis, 2nd edn. Arnold Publisher, London","edition":"2"},{"key":"644_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jspi.2012.05.001","volume":"142","author":"RP Browne","year":"2012","unstructured":"Browne RP, McNicholas PD (2012) Model-based clustering, classification, and discriminant analysis of data with mixed type. J Stat Plan Inference 142:2976\u20132984","journal-title":"J Stat Plan Inference"},{"key":"644_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1093\/comjnl\/41.8.578","volume":"41","author":"C Fraley","year":"1998","unstructured":"Fraley C, Raftery A (1998) How many clusters? Which clustering method? Answers via model-based cluster analysis. Comput J 41:578\u2013588","journal-title":"Comput J"},{"key":"644_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1198\/016214502760047131","volume":"97","author":"C Fraley","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fraley C, Raftery AE (2002) Model-based clustering, discriminant analysis and density estimation. J Am Stat Assoc 97:611\u2013631","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"644_CR11","unstructured":"Fraley C, Raftery AE, Murphy B, Scrucca L (2012) Mclust version 4 for R: normal mixture modeling and model-based clustering, classification, and density estimation. Technical Report 597, Department of Statistics, University of Washington"},{"key":"644_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1975.1055330","volume":"21","author":"K Fukunaga","year":"1975","unstructured":"Fukunaga K, Hostetler LD (1975) The estimation of the gradient of a density function, with application in pattern recognition. IEEE Trans Inf Theory 21:32\u201340","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Inf Theory"},{"key":"644_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/61.2.215","volume":"61","author":"LA Goodman","year":"1974","unstructured":"Goodman LA (1974) Exploratory latent structure analysis using both identifiable and unidentifiable models. Biometrika 61:215\u2013231","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"644_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gruen B, Leisch F (2008) FlexMix version 2: finite mixtures with concomitant variables and varying and constant parameters. J Stat Softw 28(4):1\u201335. http:\/\/www.jstatsoft.org\/v28\/i04\/","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v028.i04"},{"key":"644_CR15","volume-title":"Clustering algorithms","author":"JA Hartigan","year":"1975","unstructured":"Hartigan JA (1975) Clustering algorithms. Wiley, New York"},{"key":"644_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01908075","volume":"2","author":"L Hubert","year":"1985","unstructured":"Hubert L, Arabie P (1985) Comparing partitions. J Classif 2:193\u2013218","journal-title":"J Classif"},{"key":"644_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-9473(02)00190-1","volume":"41","author":"L Hunt","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hunt L, Jorgensen M (2003) Mixture model clustering for mixed data with missing information. Comput Stat Data Anal 41:429\u2013440","journal-title":"Comput Stat Data Anal"},{"key":"644_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470316801","volume-title":"Finding groups in data: an introduction to cluster analysis","author":"L Kaufman","year":"1990","unstructured":"Kaufman L, Rousseeuw PJ (1990) Finding groups in data: an introduction to cluster analysis. Wiley, New York"},{"key":"644_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leisch F (2004) FlexMix: a general framework for finite mixture models and latent class regression in R. J Stat Softw 11(8):1\u201318. http:\/\/www.jstatsoft.org\/v11\/i08\/","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v011.i08"},{"issue":"3","key":"644_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/s11222-009-9128-9","volume":"20","author":"TI Lin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lin TI (2010) Robust mixture modeling using multivariate skew t distributions. Stat Comput 20(3):343\u2013356","journal-title":"Stat Comput"},{"key":"644_CR21","unstructured":"Maechler M, Rousseeuw P, Struyf A, Hubert M, Hornik K (2013) Cluster: cluster analysis basics and extensions. R package version 1.14.4"},{"key":"644_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marbac M, Biernacki C, Vandewalle V (2015) Model-based clustering for conditionally correlated categorical data. J Classif 32(2):145\u2013175","DOI":"10.1007\/s00357-015-9180-4"},{"key":"644_CR23","volume-title":"Multivariate analysis","author":"KV Mardia","year":"1979","unstructured":"Mardia KV, Kent JT, Bibby JM (1979) Multivariate analysis. Academic Press, Cambridge"},{"key":"644_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1007\/s11222-013-9400-x","volume":"24","author":"G Menardi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Menardi G, Azzalini A (2014) An advancement in clustering via nonparametric density estimation. Stat Comput 24:753\u2013767","journal-title":"Stat Comput"},{"key":"644_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1198\/106186007X236127","volume":"16","author":"M Oh","year":"1998","unstructured":"Oh M, Raftery AE (1998) Model-based clustering with dissimilarities: a Bayesian approach. J Comput Graph Stat 16:559\u2013585","journal-title":"J Comput Graph Stat"},{"key":"644_CR26","unstructured":"R Development Core Team (2011) R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna. ISBN 3-900051-07-0"},{"key":"644_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s00357-003-0004-6","volume":"20","author":"W Stuetzle","year":"2003","unstructured":"Stuetzle W (2003) Estimating the cluster tree of a density by analyzing the minimal spanning tree of a sample. J Classif 20:25\u201347","journal-title":"J Classif"},{"key":"644_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1198\/jcgs.2009.07049","volume":"19","author":"W Stuetzle","year":"2010","unstructured":"Stuetzle W, Nugent R (2010) A generalized single linkage method for estimating the cluster tree of a density. J Comput Graph Stat 19:397\u2013418","journal-title":"J Comput Graph Stat"},{"issue":"1","key":"644_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-9-179","volume":"9","author":"J Tzeng","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tzeng J, Lu HH, Li WH (2008) Multidimensional scaling for large genomic data sets. BMC Bioinformatics 9(1):179","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"644_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Venables VN, Ripley BD (2002) Modern applied statistics with S. Springer, New York. http:\/\/www.stats.ox.ac.uk\/pub\/MASS4","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-21706-2"},{"key":"644_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511499531.004","volume-title":"Applied latent class analysis","author":"JK Vermunt","year":"2002","unstructured":"Vermunt JK, Magidson J (2002) Latent class cluster analysis. In: Hagenaars JA, McCutcheon AL (eds) Applied latent class analysis. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 89\u2013106"},{"key":"644_CR32","first-page":"282","volume-title":"Numerical taxonomy","author":"D Wishart","year":"1969","unstructured":"Wishart D (1969) Mode analysis: a generalization of nearest neighbor which reduces chaining effects. In: Cole AJ (ed) Numerical taxonomy. Academic Press, Cambridge, pp 282\u2013308"},{"key":"644_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327906mbr0503_6","volume":"5","author":"JH Wolfe","year":"1970","unstructured":"Wolfe JH (1970) Pattern clustering by multivariate mixture analysis. Multivar Behav Res 5:329\u2013350","journal-title":"Multivar Behav Res"}],"container-title":["Computational Statistics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00180-016-0644-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00180-016-0644-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00180-016-0644-8","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]],"date-time":"2024-06-14T12:35:55Z","timestamp":1718368555000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00180-016-0644-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,18]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]}},"alternative-id":["644"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00180-016-0644-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0943-4062","1613-9658"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0943-4062","type":"print"},{"value":"1613-9658","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,18]]}}}